Las voces de El juguete rabioso (1926) de Roberto Arlt

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la sorprendente pluralidad de voces narrativas de El juguete rabioso de Roberto Arlt, modalidades explícitas e implícitas cuya compleja configuración contribuye a la singularidad de la novela. Cada una de estas voces –narrador autobiográfico, memorialista, que habla de sí mismo y que habla de otros y del mundo a propósito de sí mismo, que está dentro del mundo narrativo y fuera de él, distanciado del tiempo de la acción narrada por cinco años- cumplen en el texto diversas funciones que se complementan con una disposición fragmentaria, que parece rechazar la cronológicamente ordenada y continua narración de una vida. De este modo se configura un mundo novelesco donde imperan la libertad, el amor, la locura, que instauran un orden insólito en el incoherente desorden del universo.Fil: Goic, Cedomil

Do Innovative Workplace Practices Foster Mutual Gains? Evidence From Croatia

New survey data for more than 470 employees (more than 80% of production workers) in a single Croatian manufacturing firm exhibits large variation in participation in innovative work practices (IWPs) notably online teams, offline teams, employee ownership, and incentive pay. Amongst IWPs, probit estimates reveal that membership in offline teams most often yields favorable outcomes for firms, notably enhanced provision of discretionary effort by employees and more likelihood of peer monitoring, as well as improved worker outcomes, including enhanced job satisfaction and higher employee involvement. Other IWPs usually are associated with similar favorable outcomes for firms and workers. Participation in sets of IWPs, that include offline teams and financial incentives, is found to yield benefits to both employees and firms. Our findings provide support for the proposition that IWPs will produce mutual gains and also help to identify key channels through which different IWPs work. Women also perceive that they are less empowered and report less willingness to engage in peer monitoring.innovative work practices; employee ownership; Croatia; econometric case study.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in a university hospital in Split, Croatia

The prevalence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was investigated in patients of a university hospital in Split, Croatia. Patients were grouped according to age (pediatric vs. adult), antibiotic type, and hospital ward. From Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2002, the susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to antimicrobials was tested. ESBL production was assayed using the double-disk synergy test. ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were detected in all sites of infection sampled. The percentages of ESBL-positive isolates were higher in the pediatric wards than in the adult wards. The antibiotics most commonly prescribed to patients in all hospital wards belonged to the third-generation cephalosporin group. Among ESBL producers, E. coli isolates were more resistant to aminoglycosides, but less resistant to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. Resistance of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin was exclusively found in isolates from adult patients. None of the isolates, regardless of ESBL production, was resistant to carbapenemes. In addition, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates differed between pediatric and adult patients. [Int Microbiol 2005; 8(2):119-124

Habilidades sociais e rendimento acadêmico: um olhar a partir do gênero

A relação entre habilidades sociais e rendimento acadêmico estimulou uma grande quantidade de pesquisas em virtude da importância que estas habilidades mostraram ter no âmbito laboral (Edel, 2003). Porém, os resultados não foram consistentes e, enquanto a maioria dos estudos assinala a presença de associação entre estas variáveis, alguns deles não conseguiram observá-la. Apresentamos dois estudos não experimentais transversais correlacionais, um em uma mostra de escolares (n = 245) e outro em uma mostra de universitários (n = 200). Os resultados revelam que os gêneros exibem perfis diferentes de associação entre as variáveis que indicariam que as habilidades interpessoais positivas se associam ao rendimento acadêmico particularmente no caso das mulheres. Estas evidências são discutidas em torno ao potencial impacto dos papéis de gênero sobre a adaptação acadêmica.The relationship between social skills and academic performance has stimulated a significant amount of research based on the importance that these skills have shown to have in the workplace (Edel, 2003). However, the results have been inconsistent and although most studies report an association between these variables, some of them have failed to observe it. This paper presents two non- experimental cross- sectional, correlational studies, one in a sample of school children (n = 245) and one in a sample of university students (n = 200). The results show that participants of the two genders exhibit different profiles of association between the variables that would indicate that positive interpersonal skills are associated with academic achievement, particularly in the case of women. These evidences are discussed in terms of the potential impact of gender roles on academic adjustment.La relación entre habilidades sociales y rendimiento académico ha estimulado una importante cantidad de investigaciones en virtud de la importancia que estas habilidades han mostrado tener en el ámbito laboral (Edel, 2003). Sin embargo, los resultados no han sido consistentes y, mientras la mayoría de los estudios señalan la presencia de asociación entre estas variables, algunos de ellos no han logrado observarla. Presentamos dos estudios no experimentales transversales correlacionales, uno en una muestra de escolares (n = 245) y otro en una muestra de universitarios (n = 200). Los resultados revelan que los géneros exhiben perfiles diferentes de asociación entre las variables que indicarían que las habilidades interpersonales positivas se asocian al rendimiento académico particularmente en el caso de las mujeres. Estas evidencias son discutidas en torno al potencial impacto de los roles de género sobre la adaptación académica

Transmission and survival of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospital setting

Acinetobacter baumannii origin and its epidemiology is under a great concern worldwide since this microorganism has become a leading nosocomial pathogen of the 21th century among the "ESKAPE" group of microorganisms. The aim of the study was to monitor and explore the epidemiology of this important hospital pathogen in the second largest clinical university hospital in Croatia. The presence of A. baumannii in hospital wastewater, as a route for possible transmission outside of the hospital setting, as well as its survival in environmental conditions including seawater, was investigated. During the examination period, ten both carbapenem and multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii were recovered from hospital wastewater and compared to the clinical isolates originating from the same monitoring period. Multiplex PCR confirmed that four wastewater isolates harboured blaOXA-23-like, while five wastewater isolates harboured blaOXA-40-like genes sharing 100% sequence identity with blaOXA-72 sequence described in the same hospital in 2009, confirming the presence of an endemic cluster. Survival of A. baumannii in natural seawater was examined during 50 days of monitoring and to the best of our knowledge, was performed for the first time.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii · hospital wastewater · transmission · seawate

Occurrence of OXA-107 and ISAba1 in carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Croatia

Carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from intensive care units at Split University Hospital, Split, Croatia, were studied. Most (100 of 106) had ISAba1 inserted upstream of a bla(OXA-107) gene, encoding an unusual OXA-51-type oxacillinase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the isolates formed three clusters belonging to the sequence group 2 (European clone 1) lineage

Algunas amenazas actuales a la confidencialidad en medicina

Social, technical and legal conditions of the current practice of medicine make it necessary to insist on certain actions and circumstances that may jeopardize the confidentiality of information, offered by patients to their health providers. Therefore, some effects of the current Chilean law are analyzed in this respect, regarding access to data from the clinical record of a patient. Also, the risks of putting certain data on social networking sites are analyzed, as well as some of its effects on clinical practice. The reasons because of mandatory reporting of diseases, meaning danger to public health, is allowed, are mentioned. We also discuss the difficulties involved in managing the results of preventative health screenings and its knowledge by third parties, as well as some possible violations of personal privacy, regarding dissemination of some people health information and its further mention or figuration in mass media. We conclude that it is a must for both physicians and other health team members, to safeguard confidentiality of data to which they have had access, as well as the need to know the relevant law, in order to respect human dignity of patients, each one as a person. We address the attention to the possibility that, practicing in a different way, it could endanger the reliability of clinical records, also impairing the quality of people’s health care. (Rev Med Chile 2015; 143: 358-366) Key words: Access to Information; Confidentiality; Information Dissemination; Medical Records; Social Networkin

Respecting patient intimacy

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Transparency as a general rule for all our professional acts casts doubts about the statement of the Hippocratic Oath that says "Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, I will keep secret, as considering all such things to be private". Medical secrecy protects the intimacy of patients, who reveal to their physicians their most hidden secrets aiming to recover their health. Therefore, physicians should receive those secrets with reverence and care, as servers and not as their owners. The values associated with the respect for personal intimacy are the anthropological basis of medical confidentiality. A medical act is performed by definition between two equally honorable individuals. Therefore, the professional honors the trust of his patient, maintaining strict confidence of what is revealed. Therefore, medical secrecy must be strengthened rather than weakened, pursuing common wealth and dignity.http://ref.scielo.org/cf3mx

An ethical and medical perspective on the voluntary termination of pregnancy

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.“Voluntary termination of pregnancy” can refer to actions intended to make a delivery easier, to provide medical care to the fetus, or to protect the life or health of the mother. All of these are proper medical actions and are by definition voluntary. In other cases, the expression denotes a termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is viable, leading to the death of the latter. This action is constitutive of abortion under current Chilean law. The product of conception living being, who develops in the womb during pregnancy, is an individual, both in the sense that it is different from its mother and father, and in that it is a biological individual. For these reasons, such living being constitutes another patient in itself. The free and voluntary medical action of health care professionals is geared toward disease prevention or health recovery and medical terminations of pregnancy, as distinguished from abortion, are not criminalized in our country. Therefore, the idea of legalizing abortive terminations of pregnancy so that they become “legitimate health care services” is a call to the medical community, which should engage in a debate about the meaning and consequences of an eventual mandate of the State that would be at odds with the Hippocratic tradition. A woman can feel that her health is at risk due to her pregnancy, and she certainly has the right to request medical help. Health professionals should care both at the medical and emotional level for all those who require their services, especially when such persons are undergoing situations of vulnerability and distress. When requested to perform an abortion, the physician faces dilemmas that should be addressed in line with the present state of the medical art.http://ref.scielo.org/c4ypf