CALCULATING THE EUCLIDEAN TECHNOLOGY DISTANCE OF DYADS USING PATENT CITATIONS

Calculating the technology base of a firm is a critical first step in studies of the technology strategies of a single entity and in making comparisons between the technology strategies of firms. For example, many studies of alliances and alliance portfolios require calculation of the technology distance or technology overlap between firm dyads. These studies typically use the patents of each partner dyad as the bases for the calculation. This paper introduces a new method of calculating a measure of technology overlap using the patent citations made in the patent applications. Each patent application lists the patented technologies that are being cited, much like citations in an academic paper. Use of various distance calculations using patents and the use of patent citations to evaluate technology direction are accepted concepts in the literature. This paper combines and advances these ideas by using patent citations in the distance calculation. By examining patent citations, we calculate technology distance of a dyad at a broader and deeper level than would be available by looking only at the patents themselves. The paper first examines the current techniques for calculating technology overlap and summarizes some of the current applications. Then, the new calculation technique is derived and examples of the calculation are presented. Finally, areas for further research are explored

Methyl 3,5-bis­[(4-hydroxy­methyl-2-methoxy­phen­oxy)meth­yl]benzoate

In the title compound, C26H28O8, the central aromatic ring forms dihedral angles of 24.32 (11) and 80.19 (7)° with the two adjoining vanillyl alcohol rings. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules, forming a hydrogen-bonded sheet-like motif extended in the ab plane

Texas Field Experiment Results: Performance of the Weatherization Assistance Program in Hot-Climate, Low-Income Homes

A field test involving 35 houses was performed in Texas between 2000 and 2003 to study the response of low-income homes in hot climates to weatherization performed as part of the U.S Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance Program and to investigate certain methods to improve weatherization performance. The study found that improved Program designs and the use of advanced energy audits resulted in better weatherization measures being installed (use of blower doors to guide the infiltration work, more frequent installation of attic insulation, and installation of wall insulation) in the study homes, improved space-heating savings performance compared to the Program as implemented in the hot climates in 1989, and more comfortable indoor temperatures. Two key policy dilemmas for Texas and other hot-climate states were highlighted by the study; namely, how to balance expenditures between installing cost-effective weatherization measures and performing health, safety, and repair items, and that health, safety, and repair items can have an adverse impact on energy savings, which further complicates the weatherization decision process. Several occupant and equipment-related behaviors were observed in the field test homes that help explain why audits may over predict energy consumptions and savings and why air-conditioning electricity savings are difficult to measure. Based on this study, it is recommended that states in hot climates be encouraged to select from an expanded list of measures using advanced audits or other techniques, and further studies examining the benefits obtained from air conditioner measures should be performed. In addition, guidelines should be developed for the hot-climate states on how to (a) balance the objectives of saving energy, improving health and safety, and addressing repair issues, and (b) select repair items

Development of a Geographic Visualization and Communications Systems (Gvcs) for Monitoring Remote Vehicles

The purpose of this project is to integrate a variety of geographic information systems capabilities and telecommunication technologies for potential use in geographic network and visualization applications. The specific technical goals of the project were to design, develop, and simulate the components of an audio/visual geographic communications system to aid future real-time monitoring, mapping and managing of transport vehicles. The system components of this feasibility study are collectively referred to as a Geographic Visualization and Communications System (GVCS). State-of-the-art techniques will be used and developed to allow both the vehicle operator and network manager to monitor the location and surrounding environment of a transport vehicle during shipment

Mechanistic insight into proton-coupled mixed valency

Stabilisation of the mixed-valence state in [Mo2(TiPB)3(HDOP)]2+ (HTiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoic acid, H2DOP = 3,6-dihydroxypyridazine) by electron transfer (ET) is related to the proton coordinate of the bridging ligands. Spectroelectrochemical studies suggest that ET is slower than 109 s−1. The mechanism has been probed using DFT calculations, which show that proton transfer induces a larger dipole in the molecule resulting in ET

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painting with 2 mummy figures in front of a pink, red, and blue backgroundhttps://digitalcommons.unf.edu/campus_art/1655/thumbnail.jp