618 research outputs found
Avoiding deontic explosion by contextually restricting aggregation
In this paper, we present an adaptive logic for deontic conflicts, called P2.1(r), that is based on Goble's logic SDLaPe-a bimodal extension of Goble's logic P that invalidates aggregation for all prima facie obligations. The logic P2.1(r) has several advantages with respect to SDLaPe. For consistent sets of obligations it yields the same results as Standard Deontic Logic and for inconsistent sets of obligations, it validates aggregation "as much as possible". It thus leads to a richer consequence set than SDLaPe. The logic P2.1(r) avoids Goble's criticisms against other non-adjunctive systems of deontic logic. Moreover, it can handle all the 'toy examples' from the literature as well as more complex ones
Thermal Radiation Analysis System (TRASYS)
A user's manual is presented for TRASYS, which is a digital software system with a generalized capability for solving radiation problems. Subroutines, file, and variable definitions are presented along with subroutine and function descriptions for the preprocessor. Definitions and descriptions of components of the processor are also presented
A Linear Modulation OSL Study of the Unstable Ultrafast Component in Samples from Glacial Lake Hitchcock, Massachusetts, USA
Optical ages were determined for samples from delta and sand dune deposits associated with Glacial Lake Hitchcock near Amherst, Massachusetts using the single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique. However, a strong unstable ultrafast component caused initial rejection of data from a large proportion of aliquots. A linearly modulated blue OSL (LM-OSL) study was undertaken on the sample with the strongest ultrafast component, with the data modelled using the equation of Bulur et al. (2000) as 5 fast, medium and slow components, and 1 ultrafast component.
The ultrafast component dominates the LMâOSL, almost completely obscuring the fast component. As suggested by Jain et al. (2003), the thermal stability of the ultrafast component was examined, using temperatures between 180°C and 300°C (10s preheat) and extended preheats at 300°C (10-60s). Preheats of sufficient stringency to remove the ultrafast component (300ÂșC for â„ 20s) also strongly depleted the fast component. The stabilities of the ultrafast and fast components were also examined as a function of low-power, short-duration continuous-wave bluelight stimulations (CW-OSL). A 3.0s, 0.35 mW.cm-2 (1% diode power), 125ÂșC preshine in combination with a 240ÂșC/10s preheat removed the ultrafast component, and caused significantly less fast component depletion than more stringent preheats. Data from a modified SAR procedure in which each OSL measurement is preceded by a low-power preshine have improved recycling ratios and reduced equivalent dose (De) errors. De values and resultant ages determined using the preshine-based SAR proposed here are consistent with regional age constraints on the delta and sand dune samples from Glacial Lake Hitchcock
The elements of a computational infrastructure for social simulation
Applications of simulation modelling in social science domains are varied and increasingly widespread. The effective deployment of simulation models depends on access to diverse datasets, the use of analysis capabilities, the ability to visualize model outcomes and to capture, share and re-use simulations as evidence in research and policy-making. We describe three applications of e-social science that promote social simulation modelling, data management and visualization. An example is outlined in which the three components are brought together in a transport planning context. We discuss opportunities and benefits for the combination of these and other components into an e-infrastructure for social simulation and review recent progress towards the establishment of such an infrastructure
Bose-Einstein condensation as symmetry breaking in compact curved spacetimes
We examine Bose-Einstein condensation as a form of symmetry breaking in the
specific model of the Einstein static universe. We show that symmetry breaking
never occursin the sense that the chemical potential never reaches its
critical value.This leads us to some statements about spaces of finite volume
in general. In an appendix we clarify the relationship between the standard
statistical mechanical approaches and the field theory method using zeta
functions.Comment: Revtex, 25 pages, 3 figures, uses EPSF.sty. To be published in Phys.
Rev.
The management and integration of biomedical knowledge: Application in the health-e-child project (position paper)
The Health-e-Child project aims to develop an integrated healthcare platform for European paediatrics. In order to achieve a comprehensive view of childrenâs health, a complex integration of biomedical data, information, and knowledge is necessary. Ontologies will be used to formally define this domain knowledge and will form the basis for the medical knowledge management system. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for the vertical integration of biomedical knowledge. This approach will be largely clinician-centered and will enable the definition of ontology fragments, connections between them (semantic bridges) and enriched ontology fragments (views). The strategy for the specification and capture of fragments, bridges and views is outlined with preliminary examples demonstrated in the collection of biomedical information from hospital databases, biomedical ontologies, and biomedical public databases
Photon-Photon Scattering, Pion Polarizability and Chiral Symmetry
Recent attempts to detect the pion polarizability via analysis of
measurements are examined. The connection
between calculations based on dispersion relations and on chiral perturbation
theory is established by matching the low energy chiral amplitude with that
given by a full dispersive treatment. Using the values for the polarizability
required by chiral symmetry, predicted and experimental cross sections are
shown to be in agreement.Comment: 21 pages(+10 figures available on request), LATEX, UMHEP-38
Bose-Einstein condensation in multilayers
The critical BEC temperature of a non interacting boson gas in a
layered structure like those of cuprate superconductors is shown to have a
minimum , at a characteristic separation between planes . It is
shown that for , increases monotonically back up to the ideal
Bose gas suggesting that a reduction in the separation between planes,
as happens when one increases the pressure in a cuprate, leads to an increase
in the critical temperature. For finite plane separation and penetrability the
specific heat as a function of temperature shows two novel crests connected by
a ridge in addition to the well-known BEC peak at associated with the
3D behavior of the gas. For completely impenetrable planes the model reduces to
many disconnected infinite slabs for which just one hump survives becoming a
peak only when the slab widths are infinite.Comment: Four pages, four figure
Dimensionality effects in restricted bosonic and fermionic systems
The phenomenon of Bose-like condensation, the continuous change of the
dimensionality of the particle distribution as a consequence of freezing out of
one or more degrees of freedom in the low particle density limit, is
investigated theoretically in the case of closed systems of massive bosons and
fermions, described by general single-particle hamiltonians. This phenomenon is
similar for both types of particles and, for some energy spectra, exhibits
features specific to multiple-step Bose-Einstein condensation, for instance the
appearance of maxima in the specific heat.
In the case of fermions, as the particle density increases, another
phenomenon is also observed. For certain types of single particle hamiltonians,
the specific heat is approaching asymptotically a divergent behavior at zero
temperature, as the Fermi energy is converging towards any
value from an infinite discrete set of energies: . If
, for any i, the specific heat is divergent at T=0
just in infinite systems, whereas for any finite system the specific heat
approaches zero at low enough temperatures. The results are particularized for
particles trapped inside parallelepipedic boxes and harmonic potentials.
PACS numbers: 05.30.Ch, 64.90.+b, 05.30.Fk, 05.30.JpComment: 7 pages, 3 figures (included
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