Abdominal stab wound with damage to the abdominal aorta and the left lobe of the liver - case report

A case of a 26-year-old man with an abdominal stab wound damaging the abdominal aorta and the left lobe of the liver is presented here. The patient was diagnosed and operated on after an emergency admission. The patient was discharged from the Surgical Ward 10 days after surgery in good general condition and was referred to the out-patient clinic

Pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms from the vascular surgeon perspective – knowledge summary

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) affect 2.4% of the population, with men being five times more likely to be affected than women. The development of AAA is linked to changes in the elastin and vascular wall collagen. The enzymes that damage the cell wall are called metalloproteinases. AAA forms as a result of damage to elastic fibres and the loss of the property of reversible deformation of the aortic wall. The degradation of elastin and other stem proteins in the aortic wall is caused by metalloproteinases and serine proteases, accompanied by cysteine proteases and asparagine proteases. Increased calprotectin levels are observed in AAA patients in comparison to patients with a healthy aorta. A significant role in the pathogenesis of AAA and its rupture is played by inflammatory response cells; proteases of the tissue plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis. Plasminogen activator and plasmin accelerate the degradation of the aortic wall. Microbial involvement of C. pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, CMV, and HIV is considered in this inflammatory reaction. The local activation of platelets and the plasma coagulation system leads to the formation of a mural thrombus filling the lumen of the aneurysm. The mural thrombus shows a high tissue factor (TF) activity. The formation of AAA is conditioned by a combination of multiple factors. The factors impacting the formation of AAA discovered so far include genetic factors, sex, age, lifestyle (abuse of alcohol, tobacco misuse, obesity, stress), health conditions (hypertension, high cholesterol level, atherosclerosis), and infectious factors: bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

Charakterystyka właściwości biomechanicznych ścian aorty brzusznej

Background. The structure of the aorta wall is well adapted to withstand the mechanical loads caused by arterial blood pressure. The most important structural components of the aortic wall are elastin and collagen fibres. Elastin and collagen fibres allow reversible deformation of, and give mechanical strength to, the aorta. Alterations in composition cause changes in the mechanical properties of the aortic wall. Hence, the main aim of this study is the biomechanical assessment and preliminary histological study of the abdominal aortic wall. Material and methods. Specimens were cut from the materials obtained during autopsies, taking research standards into consideration, which were then examined in order to determine the directional material properties. The second part of the materials was intended for histological analysis. Results. It was appreciable that the mechanical strength of the aortic wall is higher in the transversal than in the longitudinal direction, which has a vital meaning for the correct functioning of the organism, and it makes the vessel able to perform reversible deformation under the influence of pulsatile blood pressure. This ability is strongly dependent on the structural composition of the aortic wall. Conclusions. Structural alterations due to atherosclerotic lesions of various degrees lead to a significant increase of stiffness and decrease of mechanical strength of the walls of abdominal aorta.Wstęp. Struktura ścian aorty jest przystosowana do stawiania oporu mechanicznym obciążeniom, które wywoływane są przez ciśnienie tętnicze. Najważniejszymi elementami strukturalnymi ścian aorty są włókna elastynowe i kolagenowe. Odpowiadają one za odwracalne odkształcanie się ścian aorty oraz ich mechaniczną wytrzymałość. Dlatego też głównym celem tej pracy jest ocena biomechaniczna oraz analiza histologiczna ścian aorty brzusznej. Materiał i metody. Z materiału pobranego podczas sekcji zwłok wycinano próbki w celu określenia właściwości mechanicznych ścian aorty brzusznej. Pozostałą część materiału przeznaczono do analiz histologicznych. Wyniki. Odnotowano, że mechaniczna wytrzymałość ścian aorty jest większa w kierunku obwodowym niż wzdłużnym. Cecha ta ma kluczowe znaczenie dla poprawnego funkcjonowania organizmu dzięki zdolności naczynia do odwracalnego odkształcania się pod wpływem tętniczego przepływu krwi w naczyniu. Zdolność ta silnie zależy od struktury naczynia. Wnioski. Zmiany strukturalne spowodowane przez miażdżycę prowadzą do znaczącego wzrostu sztywności i obniżenia wytrzymałości mechanicznej ścian aorty brzusznej

Influence of chitosan molecular weight and degree of deacetylation on membrane physicochemical and separation properties in ethanol dehydration by the vapour permeation process

Membranes were prepared using three chitosans with different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. The influence of chitosan features on membrane physicochemical properties, i.e. degree of swelling, contact angle and tensile strength, as well as membrane separation properties in ethanol dehydration by the vapour permeation process are discussed. The conducted experiments showed that an increase in the chitosan molecular weight led to an increase in the membrane surface contact angle concomitant with a decrease in the material selectivity coefficient. On the other hand, an increase in the chitosan degree of deacetylation caused a reduction in ethanol and improved the water permeate flux. There was greater selectivity in the test process for membranes prepared from chitosan with the lowest molecular weight

Development of a tool to form ALU_PVCD blisters with seven capsules

Problem projekta je bil pojav mikropor in lomljenje kavitete. Reševali smo ga s pomočjo izkustvene in eksperimentalne metode. Izkustvena metoda se je izkazala zelo dobro, saj imamo v podjetju veliko izkušenj na podlagi oblikovanja orodij za globoki vlek ALU-PVCD folije. Naredili smo štiri različne oblike pestičev. Eksperimentalni rezultati oblik A, B in D so bili slabi, kajti še vedno je bil prisoten pojav mikropor in lomljenje kavitete. Oblika C je pa zagotovila vse zahteve in se izkazala za najboljšo.The problem of the project was the appearance of micropores and the breaking of the cavity. We solved it using an experiential and experimental method. The experiential method proved to be very good, as we have a lot of experience in the company based on the design of tools for deep drawing of ALU-PVCD foil. We made four different shapes of fists. The experimental results of forms A, B, and D were poor, as the appearance of micropores and cavity fracture was still present. Form C, however, met all the requirements and proved to be the best

Social inequality and the position of women in Ivan Cankar\u27s novels Hiša Marije Pomočnice, Na klancu and Križ na gori

V diplomskem delu sem se osredotočila na socialno neenakost in položaj žensk v romanih Hiša Marije Pomočnice, Na klancu in Križ na gori Ivana Cankarja. Na kratko sem orisala življenje avtorja, predstavila romane in sodobni slovenski roman. Romani Ivana Cankarja so znani po tem, da so izrazito avtobiografski, tako prinašajo vpogled v avtorjevo doživljanje družbenih razmer, ljudi, ki so ga obkrožali in njihove tegobe ter problematike, kot so: revščina, socialna neenakost, boj za preživetje, trpljene, pomanjkanje, nepričakovane smrti in podobno. Osredotočila sem se na sociološko obravnavo razmer tistega časa, največjo pozornost pa sem namenila ravno obravnavi socialne in spolne neenakosti, posebej pa sem izpostavila slabši družben položaj žensk.In my diploma thesis I focused on social inequality and the position of women in Ivan Cankar\u27s novels Hiša Marije Pomočnice, Na Klancu in Križ na gori. I briefly outlined the author\u27s life, presented the novels and the contemporary Slovenian novel. Ivan Cankar\u27s novels are known for being highly autobiographical, thus providing an insight into the author\u27s experience of social conditions, the people who surrounded him and their hardships and problems, such as: poverty, social inequality, the struggle for survival, suffering, deprivation, unexpected deaths and so on. I have focused on the sociological aspects of the situation at that time, and I have paid the greatest attention to social and gender inequality, with particular focus on the disadvanteged position of women in society

Artificial intelligence and the future of employment

Diplomsko delo kritično preučuje prihodnost zaposlovanja v luči vse hitrejšega razvoja tehnologij umetne inteligence. Umetna inteligenca je danes eden najpomembnejših tehnoloških dosežkov. Sodobna tehnologija je vse bolj povezana z njo, rast pametne tehnologije pa poenostavlja številne vidike našega življenja. S hitrostjo njenega razvoja pa se pojavljajo pomisleki glede morebitnih motenj in preoblikovanj tradicionalnih zaposlitvenih okolij. Cilj naloge je raziskati posledice široke uveljavitve umetne inteligence na delovno silo, vključno s premiki v zahtevah po znanju, spretnostih in potrebi po stalnem učenju ter izpopolnjevanju. S pregledom obstoječe literature in empiričnim dodatkom to delo preučuje zgodovinski kontekst tehnološkega razvoja in njegovega učinka na prihodnost zaposlovanja. Naloga prikazuje tudi družbeno-gospodarske posledice umetne inteligence in izzive, ki jih prinaša, kot so polarizacija delovnih mest, dohodkovna neenakost in potreba po pobudah za preusposabljanje spretnosti zaposlenih.This thesis critically examines the future of employment in the light of the accelerating development of artificial intelligence technologies. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important technological developments today. Modern technology is increasingly connected to it, and the growth of smart technology is simplifying many aspects of our lives. However, the pace of its development raises concerns about the potential disruption and transformation of traditional employment environments. The aim of this thesis is to explore the implications of the widespread adoption of AI on the workforce, including shifts in knowledge and skills requirements and the need for continuous learning and upskilling. Through a review of existing literature and an empirical appendix, this thesis examines the historical context of technological developments and their impact on the future of employment. It also illustrates the socio-economic implications of AI and the challenges it poses, such as job polarisation, income inequality and the need for initiatives to reskill employees