Dystrybucja filmów zagranicznych w Ludowej Republice Chorwacji na tle polityki kulturalnej Jugosławii (1944-1963)

The subject of this article is the distribution of foreign films in the People’s Republic of Croatia in 1944-1963 against the background of Yugoslavia’s cultural policy. The author considers as foreign films those that were not made in Yugoslavia or in the production or co-production of Yugoslav studios. The article aims to show in a cross-sectionally way the trends that led to the import of films into Yugoslavia from specific countries. These tendencies were shaped primarily by political factors, which are also pointed out in the article

The Multi-Biomarker Approach for Heart Failure in Patients with Hypertension

We assessed the predictive ability of selected biomarkers using N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as the benchmark and tried to establish a multi-biomarker approach to heart failure (HF) in hypertensive patients. In 120 hypertensive patients with or without overt heart failure, the incremental predictive value of the following biomarkers was investigated: Collagen III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), cystatin C (CysC), lipocalin-2/NGAL, syndecan-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 receptor type I (IL1R1), galectin-3, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The highest discriminative value for HF was observed for NT-proBNP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.873) and TGF-β (AUC = 0.878). On the basis of ROC curve analysis we found that CT-1 > 152 pg/mL, TGF-β 2.3 ng/mL, NT-proBNP > 332.5 pg/mL, CysC > 1 mg/L and NGAL > 39.9 ng/mL were significant predictors of overt HF. There was only a small improvement in predictive ability of the multi-biomarker panel including the four biomarkers with the best performance in the detection of HF—NT-proBNP, TGF-β, CT-1, CysC—compared to the panel with NT-proBNP, TGF-β and CT-1 only. Biomarkers with different pathophysiological backgrounds (NT-proBNP, TGF-β, CT-1, CysC) give additive prognostic value for incident HF in hypertensive patients compared to NT-proBNP alone.The study was financed by JUVENTUS PLUS grant 2012 (No. IP2011003271) of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) and research grant of Medical University in Lodz and MNiSW No. 502-03/5-139-02/502-54-008

Band-structure analysis in (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers

The ternary III-V semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As has recently drawn a lot of attention as the model diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor, combining semiconducting properties with magnetism. (Ga,Mn)As layers are usually gown by the low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) technique. Below a magnetic transition temperature, TC, substitutional Mn2+ ions are ferromagnetically ordered owing to interaction with spin-polarized holes. However, the character of electronic states near the Fermi energy and the valence-band structure in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As are still a matter of controversy. The photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy was applied to study the band-structure evolution in (Ga,Mn)As layers with increasing Mn content. We have investigated thick (800 - 700nm and 230 – 300nm) (Ga,Mn)As layers with Mn content in the range from 0.001% to 6% and, as a reference, undoped GaAs layer, grown by LT-MBE on semiinsulating (001) GaAs substrates. Our findings were interpreted in terms of the model, which assumes that the mobile holes residing in the valence band of ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As and the Fermi level position determined by the concentration of valenceband holes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2063

Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Area CVD Graphene for Tandem Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells with transparent contacts may be used to compensate for thermalization losses of silicon solar cells in tandem devices. This offers a way to outreach stagnating efficiencies. However, perovskite top cells in tandem structures require contact layers with high electrical conductivity and optimal transparency. We address this challenge by implementing large area graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition as a highly transparent electrode in perovskite solar cells, leading to identical charge collection efficiencies. Electrical performance of solar cells with a graphene based contact reached those of solar cells with standard gold contacts. The optical transmission by far exceeds that of reference devices and amounts to 64.3 below the perovskite band gap. Finally, we demonstrate a four terminal tandem device combining a high band gap graphene contacted perovskite top solar cell Eg 1.6 eV with an amorphous crystalline silicon bottom solar cell Eg 1.12 e

Nitrogen diffusion in Zinc Oxide

Nitrogen migration in ZnO was investigated by nitrogen isotope diffusion. The samples were deposited using plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition. Nitrogen concentration depth profiles were obtained from secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements, and in gas effusion measurements, the molecular nitrogen flux was measured as a function of the heating rate. Measurements performed on sample stacks that were doped with isotopically enriched 15N and 14N in the top and bottom half of the samples, respectively, clearly demonstrate that nitrogen diffusion is governed by atomic diffusion and molecules are formed primarily at the sample surface. At high nitrogen concentrations, the diffusion coefficient, D, is thermally activated, while for low concentration diffusion, D is independent of temperature. The data can be described by a model, where N diffusion occurs between minimum energy positions by surmounting the barrier between sites at a saddle point. Separated in energy from the transport sites are deep levels with a concentration of amp; 8776;1018 amp; 8201;cm amp; 8722;3. For high concentration diffusion, the N chemical potential, amp; 956;N, resides at amp; 8776;1.36 amp; 8201;eV below the migration saddle point. For low concentration diffusion, amp; 956;N shifts deeper in energy with a rate of amp; 8776;2.8 amp; 8201;meV K as the temperature increases. From N effusion data, the nitrogen density of states is derived. For high N concentration diffusion, two peaks are observed at ES amp; 956;N amp; 8201; amp; 8201; amp; 8722;0.93 and amp; 8722;1.26 amp; 8201;eV, while for low N concentration diffusion, a prominent peak at ES amp; 956;N amp; 8201; amp; 8201; amp; 8722;1.63 amp; 8201;eV occurs. Applying density functional theory calculations, different microscopic diffusion mechanisms are evaluated, and the corresponding transition states are derive

Ferromagnetism and Electronic Structure of (Ga,Mn)As:Bi and (Ga,Mn)As Epitaxial Layers

The photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy was applied to study the band-structure in GaAs:Bi, (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)As:Bi layers with the 4% of Mn and 1 % of Bi content and, as a reference, undoped GaAs layer. All films were grown by low temperature (LT) MBE on semi-insulating (001) GaAs substrates. Photoreflec-tance studies were supported by Raman spectroscopy and high resolution X-ray diffractometry (XRD) measurements. Magnetic properties of the films were characterized with a superconducting quantum in-terference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Our findings were interpreted in terms of the model, which as-sumes that the mobile holes residing in the valence band of GaAs and the Fermi level position determined by the concentration of valence-band holes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3533

Embracing the polypill as a cardiovascular therapeutic: is this the best strategy?

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. CVD morbidity and mortality are associated with significant financial costs related to hospitalization, medication, and lost productivity. The concept of the 'polypill' for the reduction of cardiovascular risk was proposed in 2000. A polypill is a fixed combination of drugs in a single tablet or capsule. The initial polypill consisted of three different classes of antihypertensive drugs (each at half dose), in addition to aspirin, a statin, and folic acid. The challenge today is to produce polypills containing drugs with established efficacy and complementary actions. Areas covered: The authors provide their expert perspectives on the polypill and consider the randomized clinical trials that have evaluated the safety, efficacy, adherence, and cost-effectiveness of polypills. Expert opinion: The polypill makes prescribing easier by reducing the need for complex treatment algorithms and dose titration. It also appears to be cost-effective. However, there are several issues that need to be addressed before the polypill can be used routinely. A single polypill formulation may not be suitable for all patients. It may be necessary to develop several types of polypill to meet the needs of different patient groups

Serum uric acid as a potential marker for heart failure risk in men on antihypertensive treatment: The British Regional Heart Study.

The role of serum uric acid (SUA) as a prognostic marker for incident heart failure (HF) in hypertensive subjects is uncertain. We have prospectively examined the relationship between SUA and incident HF in 3440 men aged 60-79years separately in those on and not on antihypertensive treatment who were followed up for a mean period of 15years. Men on SUA lowering drugs and those with history of HF or myocardial infarction were excluded. There were 260 incident HF cases. The men were divided into three groups of SUA concentrations/levels (410μmol/L). Raised SUA was associated with significantly increased risk of HF in men on antihypertensive treatment (N=949) but not in those without (N=2491) (p=0.003 for interaction). In men on antihypertensive treatment those with hyperuricemia (>410μmol/L) had the most adverse biological risk profile for HF including the highest rates of atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction and the highest mean level of BMI, c-reactive protein and cardiac function (cardiac troponin T). Treated hypertensive men with SUA levels>410μmol/L showed an increase in risk of HF of more than twofold compared to those on treatment with levels <350μmol/L even after adjustment for lifestyle characteristics and biological risk factors [adjusted hazard ratio 2.26 (1.23,4.15)]. SUA improved prediction of HF beyond routine conventional risk factors (p=0.02 for improvement in c-statistics). SUA as a marker of increased xanthine oxidase activity may be a useful prognostic marker for HF risk in older men on antihypertensive treatment