A Vavilovian approach to discovering crop-associated microbes with potential to enhance plant immunity

Through active associations with a diverse community of largely non-pathogenic microbes, a plant may be thought of as possessing an “extended genotype,” an interactive cross-organismal genome with potential, exploitable implications for plant immunity. The successful enrichment of plant microbiomes with beneficial species has led to numerous commercial applications, and the hunt for new biocontrol organisms continues. Increasingly flexible and affordable sequencing technologies, supported by increasingly comprehensive taxonomic databases, make the characterization of non-model crop-associated microbiomes a widely accessible research method toward this end; and such studies are becoming more frequent. A summary of this emerging literature reveals, however, the need for a more systematic research lens in the face of what is already a metagenomics data deluge. Considering the processes and consequences of crop evolution and domestication, we assert that the judicious integration of in situ crop wild relatives into phytobiome research efforts presents a singularly powerful tool for separating signal from noise, thereby facilitating a more efficient means of identifying candidate plant-associated microbes with the potential for enhancing the immunity and fitness of crop species

Den flerkulturelle barnehagen: Definisjoner, oppfatninger og praksis

Problemstilling: Hvordan påvirker personalets oppfatning av og holdning til den flerkulturelle barnehagen det konkrete arbeidet med kulturelt og språklig mangfold i barnehagen?publishedVersio

Proposiciones epistémicas aplicables a la transversalidad de los contenidos curriculares en la Educación Primaria venezolana. (Original)

The current decontextualization of education deserves a curriculum that bases the constructivist training of the student in line with the contents, whose epistemological vision is in learning to be, doing. In this sense, the investigation arises that aims to construct epistemic propositions applicable to the transversality of the curricular contents in the context of Primary Education. The research is qualitative, the method used is the hermeneutic, which allows understanding reality through two processes, intellection and interpretation of meanings, under the interpretative phenomenological approach, whose descending design and action makes data collection is carried out at the “Caraballeda” school. Five (5) key informants were selected. The method and technique for the analysis and interpretation were triangulation and the comparative method. The findings guided the proposed transcomplex curricular epistemic propositions.La descontextualización actual de la educación amerita un currículum que fundamente la formación constructivista del estudiante en consonancia con los contenidos, cuya visión epistemológica esté en el aprender a ser, haciendo. En este sentido, surge la investigación que tiene como objetivo construir proposiciones epistémicas aplicables a la transversalidad de los contenidos curriculares en el contexto de la Educación Primaria. La investigación es cualitativa, el método utilizado es el hermenéutico, que permite entender la realidad a través de dos procesos, la intelección y la interpretación de significados, bajo el enfoque fenomenológico interpretativo, cuyo diseño descendente y accionar hace que la obtención de datos se realiza en la escuela “Caraballeda”. Se seleccionaron cinco (5) informantes clave. El método y la técnica para el análisis e interpretación fueron la triangulación y el método comparativo. Los hallazgos orientaron las proposiciones epistémicas curriculares transcomplejas propuestas

Genome-wide SNP identification in Fraxinus linking genetic characteristics to tolerance of Agrilus planipennis

Ash (Fraxinus spp.) is one of the most widely distributed tree genera in North America. Populations of ash in the United States and Canada have been decimated by the introduced pest Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae; emerald ash borer), having negative impacts on both forest ecosystems and economic interests. The majority of trees succumb to attack by A. planipennis, but some trees have been found to be tolerant to infestation despite years of exposure. Restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to sequence ash individuals, both tolerant and susceptible to A. planipennis attack, in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns related to tolerance and health declines. de novo SNPs were called using SAMtools and, after filtering criteria were implemented, a set of 17,807 SNPs were generated. Principal component analysis (PCA) of SNPs aligned individual trees into clusters related to geography; however, five tolerant trees clustered together despite geographic location. A subset of 32 outlier SNPs identified within this group, as well as a subset of 17 SNPs identified based on vigor rating, are potential candidates for the selection of host tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of host tolerance through genome-wide association has the potential to restore populations with cultivars that are able to withstand A. planipennis infestation. This study was successful in using RAD-sequencing in order to identify SNPs that could contribute to tolerance of A. planipennis. This was a first step toward uncovering the genetic basis for host tolerance to A. planipennis. Future studies are needed to identify the functionality of the loci where these SNPs occur and how they may be related to tolerance of A. planipennis attack

Avanza el programa agroganadero de suministro de semillas de maíz híbrido forrajero y de pastos convenio Fedegan - Fenalce

En el programa de suministro de semillas forrajeras de FEDEGAN, las semillas se ofrecen a precios un 60%más bajos frente a los del mercado, si es pequeño ganadero y con un 25% de descuento si es mediano o grande (más de 50 animales). Las semillas son de excelente calidad para restablecer las pasturas perdidas y así recuperar el rendimiento tanto en carne como en leche y evitar la especulación, mediante la estabilización de los precios de dichas semillas forrajeras a nivel nacional.Maíz-Zea may

Estudio del comportamiento de lagunas de estabilización de efluentes: modelo de regresión temperatura aire-agua

Las Lagunas de Estabilización son sistemas de tratamiento biológico de efluentes, donde la velocidad de la degradación de la materia orgánica y la reducción de bacterias coliformes fecales depende básicamente de la temperatura del líquido y de la luz solar. El objetivo es determinar el modelo y grado de correlación entre las temperaturas del aire y del agua de las lagunas de estabilización de la Capital de Catamarca, período Noviembre 2004 – Julio 2005. Se midieron las temperaturas del líquido y del aire, utilizando un circuito integrado LM35 y un panel fotovoltaico. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales a las variables estudiadas. Se encontraron correlaciones para medianas y promedios mensuales, semanales y diarios de las temperaturas del aire y del agua. Obteniéndose el mayor coeficiente de correlación para el caso de promedios mensuales (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), cuyo modelo de regresión tiene como coeficientes (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). Los resultados obtenidos permitirán diseñar unidades para condiciones climáticas similares.The Stabilization Ponds are systems of biological treatment of effluents, where the degradation speed of organic matter and the reduction of faecal coliform bacteria depend basically on the water temperature and sun light. The objective of this paper is to determine the model and degree of correlation between temperatures of air and water in the stabilization ponds of the Capital City of Catamarca, in the period November 2004 – July 2005. The temperatures of water and air were measured using an integrated circuit LM35 and a photovoltaic panel. Inferential and descriptive statistical techniques were applied to the studied variables. Correlations for daily, weekly and monthly average and median values were found for the temperatures of air and water. The greatest coefficient of correlation was obtained in the case of monthly average values (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), the regression model of which has as coefficients (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). The obtained results will facilitate the design of units for similar weather conditions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Estudio del comportamiento de lagunas de estabilización de efluentes: modelo de regresión temperatura aire-agua

Las Lagunas de Estabilización son sistemas de tratamiento biológico de efluentes, donde la velocidad de la degradación de la materia orgánica y la reducción de bacterias coliformes fecales depende básicamente de la temperatura del líquido y de la luz solar. El objetivo es determinar el modelo y grado de correlación entre las temperaturas del aire y del agua de las lagunas de estabilización de la Capital de Catamarca, período Noviembre 2004 – Julio 2005. Se midieron las temperaturas del líquido y del aire, utilizando un circuito integrado LM35 y un panel fotovoltaico. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales a las variables estudiadas. Se encontraron correlaciones para medianas y promedios mensuales, semanales y diarios de las temperaturas del aire y del agua. Obteniéndose el mayor coeficiente de correlación para el caso de promedios mensuales (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), cuyo modelo de regresión tiene como coeficientes (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). Los resultados obtenidos permitirán diseñar unidades para condiciones climáticas similares.The Stabilization Ponds are systems of biological treatment of effluents, where the degradation speed of organic matter and the reduction of faecal coliform bacteria depend basically on the water temperature and sun light. The objective of this paper is to determine the model and degree of correlation between temperatures of air and water in the stabilization ponds of the Capital City of Catamarca, in the period November 2004 – July 2005. The temperatures of water and air were measured using an integrated circuit LM35 and a photovoltaic panel. Inferential and descriptive statistical techniques were applied to the studied variables. Correlations for daily, weekly and monthly average and median values were found for the temperatures of air and water. The greatest coefficient of correlation was obtained in the case of monthly average values (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), the regression model of which has as coefficients (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). The obtained results will facilitate the design of units for similar weather conditions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Estudio del comportamiento de lagunas de estabilización de efluentes: modelo de regresión temperatura aire-agua

Las Lagunas de Estabilización son sistemas de tratamiento biológico de efluentes, donde la velocidad de la degradación de la materia orgánica y la reducción de bacterias coliformes fecales depende básicamente de la temperatura del líquido y de la luz solar. El objetivo es determinar el modelo y grado de correlación entre las temperaturas del aire y del agua de las lagunas de estabilización de la Capital de Catamarca, período Noviembre 2004 – Julio 2005. Se midieron las temperaturas del líquido y del aire, utilizando un circuito integrado LM35 y un panel fotovoltaico. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales a las variables estudiadas. Se encontraron correlaciones para medianas y promedios mensuales, semanales y diarios de las temperaturas del aire y del agua. Obteniéndose el mayor coeficiente de correlación para el caso de promedios mensuales (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), cuyo modelo de regresión tiene como coeficientes (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). Los resultados obtenidos permitirán diseñar unidades para condiciones climáticas similares.The Stabilization Ponds are systems of biological treatment of effluents, where the degradation speed of organic matter and the reduction of faecal coliform bacteria depend basically on the water temperature and sun light. The objective of this paper is to determine the model and degree of correlation between temperatures of air and water in the stabilization ponds of the Capital City of Catamarca, in the period November 2004 – July 2005. The temperatures of water and air were measured using an integrated circuit LM35 and a photovoltaic panel. Inferential and descriptive statistical techniques were applied to the studied variables. Correlations for daily, weekly and monthly average and median values were found for the temperatures of air and water. The greatest coefficient of correlation was obtained in the case of monthly average values (r = 0,986; p = 0,000), the regression model of which has as coefficients (α = 12,994; β = 0,491). The obtained results will facilitate the design of units for similar weather conditions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Human Activities, Biostratigraphy and Past Environment Revealed by Small-Mammal Associations at the Chalcolithic Levels of El Portalón de Cueva Mayor (Atapuerca, Spain)

The Chalcolithic levels of El Portalón de Cueva Mayor (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) offer a good opportunity to test whether the small-mammal contents of different archaeo-stratigraphical units may be useful to characterize them as independent entities. With that purpose, we studied representative samples of small-mammal remains from the two main contexts identified: the Early Chalcolithic (EC) funerary context and the Late Chalcolithic (LC) habitat/stabling context, with the latter comprising three different archaeological units according to their origin, namely prepared floors, activity floors and stabling surfaces or fumiers. Following the distribution of taxa in their respective contexts, we performed several statistical tests to check for significant discrepancies between archaeological units. The exclusive presence of certain taxa, together with the statistical difference in relative taxonomic ratios, points to the integrity and unpolluted condition of the EC context. The interspersed arrangement of the different LC context’s units made them prone to inter-pollution as they are not statistically different. The unexpected presence of Pliomys lenki and Chionomys nivalis in the prepared floors evidences their Upper Pleistocene allochthonous origin. The EC levels of El Portalón contribute the first Holocene records of nine taxa in the Sierra de Atapuerca. An environment dominated by woodland, shrubland and wet meadows, with moderate presence of grassland, inland wetlands and rocky areas, is inferred from the small-mammal association of the EC levels

Phyllachora species infecting maize and other grass species in the Americas represents a complex of closely related species

The genus Phyllachora contains numerous obligate fungal parasites that produce raised, melanized structures called stromata on their plant hosts referred to as tar spot. Members of this genus are known to infect many grass species but generally do not cause significant damage or defoliation, with the exception of P. maydis which has emerged as an important pathogen of maize throughout the Americas, but the origin of this pathogen remains unknown. To date, species designations for Phyllachora have been based on host associations and morphology, and most species are assumed to be host specific. We assessed the sequence diversity of 186 single stroma isolates collected from 16 hosts representing 15 countries. Samples included both herbarium and contemporary strains that covered a temporal range from 1905 to 2019. These 186 isolates were grouped into five distinct species with strong bootstrap support. We found three closely related, but genetically distinct groups of Phyllachora are capable of infecting maize in the United States, we refer to these as the P. maydis species complex. Based on herbarium specimens, we hypothesize that these three groups in the P. maydis species complex originated from Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Although two of these groups were only found on maize, the third and largest group contained contemporary strains found on maize and other grass hosts, as well as herbarium specimens from maize and other grasses that include 10 species of Phyllachora. The herbarium specimens were previously identified based on morphology and host association. This work represents the first attempt at molecular characterization of Phyllachora species infecting grass hosts and indicates some Phyllachora species can infect a broad range of host species and there may be significant synonymy in the Phyllachora genus