17 research outputs found
Effects of glare on binocular vision and reading behaviour performing computer work
We spend more and more time working with computers. When we do so our central visual
field lacks three-dimensional (3D) features and this leads to reduced binocular control and
may result in eye-related symptoms. When other factors such as direct and indirect glare are
added to a computer work situation further stress is placed on the visual system and binocular
control may be even further reduced and our reading behaviour may also be influenced.
These factors are likely to contribute to the vision- and eye symptoms referred to collectively
as computer vision syndrome (CVS).
Three areas of clinical study are included in the context of using a computer screen for
demanding near visual tasks. This research aimed to explore the theoretical relationship
between: (1) the importance of centrally placed 3D features in respect to accommodation and
vergence mechanisms; (2) the influence of degraded stimuli and/or degraded retinal image on
the quality of binocular vision as an indicator of visual fatigue; (3) the influence of degraded
stimuli and/or degraded retinal image on eye movements when reading.
Paper I clarified the importance of implementing centrally placed 3D fixation stimuli to
contribute to increase vergence accuracy and fixation stability. Paper II evaluated the
influence of disability glare on binocular coordination. The results indicated that binocular
coordination increased in instability with the severity of glare and there was a more
pronounced effect when lighting condition created direct glare. Paper III described the
influence of disability glare on eye movements when reading. It is clear that these eye
movements were negatively affected in the direct- and indirect glare lighting conditions.
Paper IV evaluated the threshold luminance of direct glare using a subjective response
regarding eye symptoms in addition to an evaluation of the effect on binocular coordination
as a benchmark. Direct glare of 2000 cd/m2 was found to decrease the instability of binocular
coordination with an increased level of eye pain.
In conclusion, these findings argue for a more pronounced relationship between reduced cues
of centrally placed 3D features when working with computers with elevated exposure to
disability glare. Direct glare appears to degrade the visibility of the retinal image to such a
high degree that it can be identified as the most pronounced inappropriate lighting condition.
Evaluation of the luminance threshold of direct glare suggests that it reasonable to
recommend that stray light toward the eyes should be significantly lower than 2000 cd/m2.
This research has taken a step in the direction of justifying the importance of following
lighting design recommendations in computer work environments
Mergers and Acquisitions in The Video Gaming Industry
This research paper studies the effect of 102 M&A announcements during 2016-2020 in the
video gaming sector. The purpose is to answer whether M&A events within the sector
manages to create synergy gains for investors, or if it is just an act of management wanting
to control larger firms, increasing the size of companies with little value added. The
background of the paper is the recent rise in the debate around corporate leadership,
consolidation, and its impact on game development and the new found reason to engage in
M&A activity, namely acquiring key personnel. With the use of the event study method the
acquiring companies cumulative abnormal return(CAR) in the event window was measured
and compared to their expected return calculated through the estimation period. The results
indicate that the CAR of 3.45% is significant. The results of the research is that value was
created by the events during the time period, and that it might take more than one day for
the news to be fully represented in the price of the stock. The paper also concludes that this
result is mainly relevant for investors, and gives a recommendation for future researchers to
consider using a shareholder perspective to get another angle of value creation and long
term success for video game companies
Olycks- och tillbudsrapportering med BIA inom byggindustrin
Trots en positiv utveckling de senaste Ă„ren inom den svenska byggbranschen med minskat antal allvarliga olyckor, förekommer allvarliga olyckor och till och med dödsfall fortfarande. Forskning visar att rapportering av olyckor och tillbud kan vara en bidragande orsak till att förebygga och minska förekomsten av dessa. Sedan 2011 finns ett gratis rapporteringssystem för kollektivanslutna bygg- och anlĂ€ggningsföretag som heter BIA, och som anvĂ€nds av bland annat Skanska. Studiens syfte Ă€r att ta reda pĂ„ hur rapporteringssystemet anvĂ€nds idag samt om och hur det skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas pĂ„ ett bĂ€ttre och effektivare sĂ€tt. Den utforskande forskningsmetoden som anvĂ€nds i denna studie Ă€r frĂ€mst fallstudie, dĂ€r tre byggarbetsplatser besökts och dĂ€r BAS-U, skyddsombud och yrkesarbetare pĂ„ respektive plats intervjuats för att undersöka attityder till arbetsmiljö samt kunskapslĂ€get och anvĂ€ndningen av BIA. Deltagande observationer pĂ„ den största av arbetsplatserna har kompletterat intervjuerna tillsammans med litteraturstudie dĂ€r fokus legat pĂ„ arbetsmiljölagstiftningen, Skanskas arbetsmiljöarbete, BIA-systemet och rapporteringskultur. Ăverlag visar resultatet pĂ„ att anvĂ€ndarna av BIA Ă€r nöjda med verktyget, med nĂ„gra undantag, men ocksĂ„ att kunskapen om hur man ska anvĂ€nda BIA och alla dess funktioner inte Ă€r sĂ„ hög som de som anvĂ€nder programmet sjĂ€lva önskar. Detta ihop med BIA:s upplevda begrĂ€nsade anvĂ€ndarvĂ€nlighet visar att det finns en underutnyttjad potential som skulle kunna gynna det dagliga arbetsmiljöarbetet mer. Efter att ha genomfört denna studie bedömer vi att BIA skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas effektivare om anvĂ€ndarna, framför allt BAS-U, fick nĂ„gon typ av utbildning i programmet. Som kunskapskĂ€lla skulle BIA kunna anvĂ€ndas som redskap i vardagligt förebyggande sĂ€kerhetsarbete, exempelvis vid riskinventering för arbetsberedningar. Eftersom rapporteringssystemet Ă€r gratis för kollektivanslutna företag och bara krĂ€ver en vanlig webblĂ€sare Ă€r verktyget relativt lĂ€ttillgĂ€ngligt, och skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas av byggbranschen i betydligt högre grad Ă€n det görs idag. Fler anvĂ€ndare och fler rapporter hade bidragit till större kunskapsunderlag, och sannolikt Ă€ven snabbare utveckling av BIA. I denna studie presenteras ocksĂ„ konkreta förslag pĂ„ hur anvĂ€ndningen redan idag kan ökas och effektiviseras.The last few years have seen a positive development regarding the number of incidents and accidents in the Swedish construction industry, but serious accidents and even deaths still feature in the statistics. Research shows that reporting accidents, incidents and other safety-related occurrences may lead to a decrease in the number of them. As of 2011, a simple, web-based and free-of-use reporting system available to any construction company employing union members exists: called BIA, itâs used by Skanska, among other companies. This study set out to explore how BIA is being used today, and if and how it could be used more effectively.The study concludes that BIAâs use could easily be improved in a way that contributes significantly to daily safety work, for instance by providing the most frequent users â BAS-U â with knowledge about BIAâs features, such as the analysis tool, that could be used when creating new worksets. If the construction industry were to use BIA to a higher degree, a greater data set would also be created, further increasing the possibility of learning from the reports in the system. A few simple suggestions for increasing and improving use are provided at the end of this study
Olycks- och tillbudsrapportering med BIA inom byggindustrin
Trots en positiv utveckling de senaste Ă„ren inom den svenska byggbranschen med minskat antal allvarliga olyckor, förekommer allvarliga olyckor och till och med dödsfall fortfarande. Forskning visar att rapportering av olyckor och tillbud kan vara en bidragande orsak till att förebygga och minska förekomsten av dessa. Sedan 2011 finns ett gratis rapporteringssystem för kollektivanslutna bygg- och anlĂ€ggningsföretag som heter BIA, och som anvĂ€nds av bland annat Skanska. Studiens syfte Ă€r att ta reda pĂ„ hur rapporteringssystemet anvĂ€nds idag samt om och hur det skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas pĂ„ ett bĂ€ttre och effektivare sĂ€tt. Den utforskande forskningsmetoden som anvĂ€nds i denna studie Ă€r frĂ€mst fallstudie, dĂ€r tre byggarbetsplatser besökts och dĂ€r BAS-U, skyddsombud och yrkesarbetare pĂ„ respektive plats intervjuats för att undersöka attityder till arbetsmiljö samt kunskapslĂ€get och anvĂ€ndningen av BIA. Deltagande observationer pĂ„ den största av arbetsplatserna har kompletterat intervjuerna tillsammans med litteraturstudie dĂ€r fokus legat pĂ„ arbetsmiljölagstiftningen, Skanskas arbetsmiljöarbete, BIA-systemet och rapporteringskultur. Ăverlag visar resultatet pĂ„ att anvĂ€ndarna av BIA Ă€r nöjda med verktyget, med nĂ„gra undantag, men ocksĂ„ att kunskapen om hur man ska anvĂ€nda BIA och alla dess funktioner inte Ă€r sĂ„ hög som de som anvĂ€nder programmet sjĂ€lva önskar. Detta ihop med BIA:s upplevda begrĂ€nsade anvĂ€ndarvĂ€nlighet visar att det finns en underutnyttjad potential som skulle kunna gynna det dagliga arbetsmiljöarbetet mer. Efter att ha genomfört denna studie bedömer vi att BIA skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas effektivare om anvĂ€ndarna, framför allt BAS-U, fick nĂ„gon typ av utbildning i programmet. Som kunskapskĂ€lla skulle BIA kunna anvĂ€ndas som redskap i vardagligt förebyggande sĂ€kerhetsarbete, exempelvis vid riskinventering för arbetsberedningar. Eftersom rapporteringssystemet Ă€r gratis för kollektivanslutna företag och bara krĂ€ver en vanlig webblĂ€sare Ă€r verktyget relativt lĂ€ttillgĂ€ngligt, och skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas av byggbranschen i betydligt högre grad Ă€n det görs idag. Fler anvĂ€ndare och fler rapporter hade bidragit till större kunskapsunderlag, och sannolikt Ă€ven snabbare utveckling av BIA. I denna studie presenteras ocksĂ„ konkreta förslag pĂ„ hur anvĂ€ndningen redan idag kan ökas och effektiviseras.The last few years have seen a positive development regarding the number of incidents and accidents in the Swedish construction industry, but serious accidents and even deaths still feature in the statistics. Research shows that reporting accidents, incidents and other safety-related occurrences may lead to a decrease in the number of them. As of 2011, a simple, web-based and free-of-use reporting system available to any construction company employing union members exists: called BIA, itâs used by Skanska, among other companies. This study set out to explore how BIA is being used today, and if and how it could be used more effectively.The study concludes that BIAâs use could easily be improved in a way that contributes significantly to daily safety work, for instance by providing the most frequent users â BAS-U â with knowledge about BIAâs features, such as the analysis tool, that could be used when creating new worksets. If the construction industry were to use BIA to a higher degree, a greater data set would also be created, further increasing the possibility of learning from the reports in the system. A few simple suggestions for increasing and improving use are provided at the end of this study
Multi-method approach for evaluating visual conditions incontrol room environments
With increased automation and implementation of information and communicationtechnology in occupational settings, more people are working in control room environments across various sectors. The work often involves continuous visual assessments of several screens. Poor visual conditions can cause eye-related problems and musculoskeletal disorders.The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the rationale for, and the procedures of, a methodological approach for evaluating visual conditions in control room environments. The paper draws from experiences gained at four field studies in Sweden, where 13 different control rooms have been assessed and involving 30 control room operators. The multi-methodapproach produces a comprehensive and contextualized understanding of the visual requirements, as well as of the operatorsâ perceived work load, visual experience and eyerelatedhealth. The experiences support the relevance of providing an optimized visual environment when designing control room work for a safe, sustainable and inclusive working life
Olycks- och tillbudsrapportering med BIA inom byggindustrin
Trots en positiv utveckling de senaste Ären inom den svenska byggbranschen med minskat antal allvarliga olyckor, förekommer allvarliga olyckor och till och med dödsfall fortfarande. Forskning visar att rapportering av olyckor och tillbud kan vara en bidragande orsak till att förebygga och minska förekomsten av dessa. Sedan 2011 finns ett gratis rapporteringssystem för kollektivanslutna bygg- och anlÀggningsföretag som heter BIA, och som anvÀnds av bland annat Skanska. Studiens syfte Àr att ta reda pÄ hur rapporteringssystemet anvÀnds idag samt om och hur det skulle kunna anvÀndas pÄ ett bÀttre och effektivare sÀtt.
Den utforskande forskningsmetoden som anvÀnds i denna studie Àr frÀmst fallstudie, dÀr tre byggarbetsplatser besökts och dÀr BAS-U, skyddsombud och yrkesarbetare pÄ respektive plats intervjuats för att undersöka attityder till arbetsmiljö samt kunskapslÀget och anvÀndningen av BIA. Deltagande observationer pÄ den största av arbetsplatserna har kompletterat intervjuerna tillsammans med litteraturstudie dÀr fokus legat pÄ arbetsmiljölagstiftningen, Skanskas arbetsmiljöarbete, BIA-systemet och rapporteringskultur.
Ăverlag visar resultatet pĂ„ att anvĂ€ndarna av BIA Ă€r nöjda med verktyget, med nĂ„gra undantag, men ocksĂ„ att kunskapen om hur man ska anvĂ€nda BIA och alla dess funktioner inte Ă€r sĂ„ hög som de som anvĂ€nder programmet sjĂ€lva önskar. Detta ihop med BIA:s upplevda begrĂ€nsade anvĂ€ndarvĂ€nlighet visar att det finns en underutnyttjad potential som skulle kunna gynna det dagliga arbetsmiljöarbetet mer.
Efter att ha genomfört denna studie bedömer vi att BIA skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas effektivare om anvĂ€ndarna, framför allt BAS-U, fick nĂ„gon typ av utbildning i programmet. Som kunskapskĂ€lla skulle BIA kunna anvĂ€ndas som redskap i vardagligt förebyggande sĂ€kerhetsarbete, exempelvis vid riskinventering för arbetsberedningar. Eftersom rapporteringssystemet Ă€r gratis för kollektivanslutna företag och bara krĂ€ver en vanlig webblĂ€sare Ă€r verktyget relativt lĂ€ttillgĂ€ngligt, och skulle kunna anvĂ€ndas av byggbranschen i betydligt högre grad Ă€n det görs idag. Fler anvĂ€ndare och fler rapporter hade bidragit till större kunskapsunderlag, och sannolikt Ă€ven snabbare utveckling av BIA. I denna studie presenteras ocksĂ„ konkreta förslag pĂ„ hur anvĂ€ndningen redan idag kan ökas och effektiviseras.The last few years have seen a positive development regarding the number of incidents and accidents in the Swedish construction industry, but serious accidents and even deaths still feature in the statistics. Research shows that reporting accidents, incidents and other safety-related occurrences may lead to a decrease in the number of them. As of 2011, a simple, web-based and free-of-use reporting system available to any construction company employing union members exists: called BIA, itâs used by Skanska, among other companies. This study set out to explore how BIA is being used today, and if and how it could be used more effectively.
The study concludes that BIAâs use could easily be improved in a way that contributes significantly to daily safety work, for instance by providing the most frequent users â BAS-U â with knowledge about BIAâs features, such as the analysis tool, that could be used when creating new worksets. If the construction industry were to use BIA to a higher degree, a greater data set would also be created, further increasing the possibility of learning from the reports in the system. A few simple suggestions for increasing and improving use are provided at the end of this study
Visual fatigue during control room work in process industries
BACKGROUND: Working in front of computer screens is visually demanding and related to adverse eye symptoms. Occurrence of glare further increases visual fatigue. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents results from an examination of visual ergonomics in control room environments at two Swedish process industries. METHODS: Visual conditions were examined and evaluated in nine control rooms and eighteen process operators answered questions about their perceived workload and visual experiences. RESULTS: When working in the control rooms, the mental workload was rated significantly higher by the participants, compared to experienced performance. The operators further experienced significantly higher visual fatigue and blurred vision compared to double vision and sore eyes. Visual demands were increased in conditions where contrast glare was present, as well as frequent changes of focusing distances, and low contrast between background and characters in computer screens. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal visual working conditions in the control rooms contributes to increased visual demands on the operators. Presence of glare is leading to visual fatigue and an unnecessary high mental load. The findings support the relevance of considering principles of general and visual ergonomics when designing and organizing work in control rooms. Workstation design should also be flexible to allow for individual and contextual adjustments