Detection of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses, West Nile, Dengue, Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilheus, Bussuquara, and Yellow Fever in free-ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) of Northeastern Argentina

Several medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been detected in Argentina in recent years: Dengue (DENV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV), West Nile (WNV) and Yellow Fever (YFV) viruses. Evidence of Bussuquara virus (BSQV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV) activity were found, but they have not been associated with human disease. Non-human primates can act as important hosts in the natural cycle of flaviviruses and serological studies can lead to improved understanding of virus circulation dynamics and host susceptibility. From July–August 2010, we conducted serological and molecular surveys in free–ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) captured in northeastern Argentina. We used 90% plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) to analyze 108 serum samples for antibodies to WNV, SLEV, YFV, DENV (serotypes 1and 3), ILHV, and BSQV. Virus genome detection was performed using generic reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR to identify flaviviruses in 51 antibody-negative animals. Seventy animals had antibodies for one or more flaviviruses for a total antibody prevalence of 64.8% (70/108). Monotypic (13/70, 19%) and heterotypic (27/70, 39%) patterns were differentiated. Specific neutralizing antibodies against WNV, SLEV, DENV-1, DENV-3, ILHV, and BSQV were found. Unexpectedly, the highest flavivirus antibody prevalence detected was to WNV with 9 (8.33%) monotypic responses. All samples tested by (RT)-nested PCR were negative for viral genome. This is the first detection of WNV-specific antibodies in black howlers from Argentina and the first report in free-ranging non-human primates from Latin-American countries. Given that no animals had specific neutralizing antibodies to YFV, our results suggest that the study population remains susceptible to YFV. Monitoring of these agents should be strengthened to detect the establishment of sylvatic cycles of flaviviruses in America and evaluate risks to wildlife and human health.Fil: Morales, Maria Alejandra. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Fabbri, Cintia M.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Gabriel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Conurbano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Estación Biológica de Usos Múltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Luppo, Victoria C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Enría, Delia A.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Levis, Silvana C.. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Gladys Ethel. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentin

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Atitudes gerenciais do enfermeiro no Programa Saúde da Família: visão da Equipe Saúde da Família Actitudes gerenciales del enfermero en el Programa Salud de la Familia: visión del Equipo de Salud de la Familia Management attitudes of nurses in the Family Health program: view of the Family Health Group

Este artigo fez parte da pesquisa intitulada "Competências gerenciais requeridas do enfermeiro no Programa Saúde da Família PSF" e teve como objetivo identificar as atitudes gerenciais requeridas do enfermeiro para a gerência da assistência de enfermagem nas Unidades de Saúde da Família USF de um município do litoral catarinense sob a percepção dos profissionais desta. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório baseado em um questionário semi-estruturado para a coleta de dados. A população foi de 72 participantes que atribuíram escore entre 01 a 05 para cada item do questionário. O estudo apontou para a ênfase no desenvolvimento de novas competências pelos enfermeiros, que conduzem ao alcance do desempenho e conseqüentemente da qualidade da assistência e à satisfação da comunidade.Este articulo fue parte de la investigación titulada "Competencias gerenciales necesarias del enfermero en el Programa Salud de la Familia - PSF y tiene como objetivo identificar las actitudes gerenciales requeridas del enfermero para la gerencia de la asistencia de enfermería en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia USF de una prefectura de la costa catarinense, en la percepción de estos profesionales. Tratase de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio basado en un cuestionario semi-estructurado para la recogida de datos. La población fue de 72 participantes que atribuyeron notas entre 01 y 05 para cada punto del cuestionario. El estudio apunta énfasis en el desarrollo de nuevas competencias por parte de los enfermeros que llevan al alcance de un desempeño adecuado y consecuentemente a un aumento de la calidad asistencial, satisfaciendo a la comunidad.This article was a part of a research called Management Competences required from the nurse in the Family Health Program (FHP) and has as aim to identify the management attitudes required from the nurse to the manager of the nurse assistance in the Family Health Units (FHU) of a city of the "catarinense" seashore under a perception from these professionals. It was a descrptive-exploratory study based on a semi- structured questionary for data colection. The population was constituted by 72 participants that scored from 01 and 05 to each item of the questionary. The study pointed to the emphasis in the development of new competences by the nurses that lead the reach of the performances and consequently the quality of the assistance and to the community satisfaction

Anatomia floral de Aechmea distichantha Lem. e Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult.f) Leme (Bromeliaceae)

RESUMO Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. e Canistropsis (Mez) Leme pertencem à subfamília Bromelioideae, detentora da maior diversidade morfológica em Bromeliaceae. Botões florais de Aechmea distichantha Lem. e Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schult. f.) Leme foram coletados, fixados e processados conforme técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. As espécies compartilham características, tais como presença de cristais de sílica esféricos nas células epidérmicas do perianto; idioblastos contendo ráfides; endotécio com espessamento do tipo anelar e ovário ínfero com placentação axilar. Apêndices petaloides não vascularizados foram observados apenas em flores de A. distichantha, dispostos aos pares em cada pétala. Em ambas as espécies ocorre um nectário septal cuja secreção é rica em proteínas e carboidratos. Tecido obturador placentário está presente, e testes histoquímicos revelaram que a secreção produzida por este tecido contém proteínas e carboidratos, provavelmente, relacionados com o direcionamento do tubo polínico aos óvulos

Presença da "colônia portuguesa" na paisagem cultural e midiática do Rio de Janeiro: o Grêmio Literário Português e o Retiro Literário Português (1855-1885)

International audienc