Analysis of host- and strain-dependent cell death responses during infectious salmon anemia virus infection in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an aquatic orthomyxovirus and the causative agent of infectious salmon anemia (ISA), a disease of great importance in the Atlantic salmon farming industry. <it>In vitro</it>, ISAV infection causes cytophatic effect (CPE) in cell lines from Atlantic salmon, leading to rounding and finally detachment of the cells from the substratum. In this study, we investigated the mode of cell death during <it>in vitro </it>ISAV infection in different Atlantic salmon cell lines, using four ISAV strains causing different mortality <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results show that caspase 3/7 activity increased during the course of infection in ASK and SHK-1 cells, infected cells showed increased surface expression of phosphatidylserine and increased PI uptake, compared to mock infected cells; and morphological alterations of the mitochondria were observed. Expression analysis of immune relevant genes revealed no correlation between in vivo mortality and expression, but good correlation in expression of interferon genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results from this study indicate that there is both strain and cell type dependent differences in the virus-host interaction during ISAV infection. This is important to bear in mind when extrapolating <it>in vitro </it>findings to the <it>in vivo </it>situation.</p

Agrárpiaci Jelentések TEJ ÉS TEJTERMÉKEK

Magyarországon a nyerstej országos termelői átlagára 104,97 forint/kg volt 2014 májusában, 14 százalékkal haladta meg az egy évvel korábbit. A nyerstej kiviteli ára 99,52 forint/kg volt ugyanekkor, egy év alatt 7 százalékkal csökkent és 5 százalékkal maradt el a belpiaci ártól. A FAO májusi előrejelzése szerint a globális tejtermelés 2,1 százalékkal 783 millió tonnára nő 2014-ben az előző évihez képest. Az Egyesült Államok tejkibocsátása 2,4 százalékkal, Kínáé 2 százalékkal, az Európai Unióé 1,5 százalékkal emelkedhet. Az ife előrejelzése szerint az EU tejfelvásárlása a FAO projekciójánál nagyobb mértékben, 3 százalékkal nőhet az idén. A tej- és tejtermékek exportja (tejegyenértékben kifejezve) Új-Zélandon 4 százalékkal, az EU-ban és az USA-ban egyaránt 3 százalékkal bővülhet 2014-ben az egy évvel korábbihoz viszonyítva. Az ife elemzői szerint az EU-ban a készletek 2014 elején nagyon alacsony szintre süllyedtek, azonban a termelésbővülés hatására ismét emelkedhetnek. A vaj év végi zárókészlete 80 százalékkal, a sovány tejporé 111 százalékkal nőhet az idén az egy évvel korábbihoz viszonyítva. A világpiaci kereslet élénkülése és a magas készletszint miatt az EU a többlettermelését a világpiacon értékesítheti. Az EU sovány tejpor kivitele 14,5 százalékkal, a vajé 4 százalékkal, a sajté 2,5 százalékkal nő, míg a teljes tejporé 2 százalékkal csökken 2014-ben az előző évihez viszonyítva. Az EU sovány tejpor kivitelének erőteljes bővülését az okozza, hogy a magas vajárak sokkal jövedelmezőbbé teszik a sovány tejpor és a vaj termelését a teljes tejporhoz viszonyítva

Health and environmental risk evaluation of microorganisms used in bioremediation. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Microbial Ecology of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

In 2015, The Norwegian Environment Agency requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) to collate an overview of bioremediation of polluted ground based on bioaugmentation described in literature for the degradation of various types of pollutants, (including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, explosives etc.).The assessment of genetically modified microorganisms (GMO), phytoremediation, bioremediation based on natural attenuation, bio-stimulation or biodegradation, including composting, are not included in this report

The use of light, restrictive feeding, fibrous feed and stocking density and the consequences for animal welfare for poultry species kept in Norway - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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The use of light, restrictive feeding, fibrous feed and stocking density and the consequences for animal welfare for poultry species kept in Norway - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

Source at https://vkm.no/</a

Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import and keeping of American bison, European bison, domesticated water buffalo and domesticated yak.Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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Assessment of the risk to Norwegian biodiversity from import and keeping of American bison, European bison, domesticated water buffalo and domesticated yak. Scientific Opinion of the panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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Assessment of the risk of negative impact on biodiversity from import and release of eggs or live fish from landlocked Atlantic salmon from Klarälven in Sweden to Trysilelva in Norway. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

publishedVersio

Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ag(I) and Au(I) Pillarplexes

The biological activity of four pillarplex compounds featuring different metals and anions was investigated. The toxicity of the compounds against four bacterial strains [Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (UVI isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa], one fungus (Candida albicans), and a human cell line (HepG2) was determined. Additionally, a UV-Vis titration study of the pillarplexes was carried out to check for stability depending on pH- and chloride concentration changes and evaluate the applicability in physiological media. All compounds are bioactive: the silver compounds showed higher activity against bacteria and fungi, and the corresponding gold pillarplexes were less toxic against human cells