On the valuation of economic goods

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of “good” on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiological category and good which economics deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way the market valuates goods is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

KOMUNIKASI NEGOSIASI INDIVIDU SEMARANG GAY@ COMMUNITY DALAM MEMUTUSKAN TES, MELAKUKAN KONSELING DAN PENDAMPINGAN

HIV/AIDS adalah penyakit mematikan yang semakin berkembang dan menjadi masalah global. Semarang merupakan salah satu kota dengan temuan kasus tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Sejak 1995 sampai 2016, ditemukan 20.782 kasus HIV dan 3032 kasus AIDS dengan total 67 ODHA yang dilaporkan meninggal dunia dengan temuan terbanyak dialami oleh laki-laki. Permasalahan kemudian muncul ketika individu gay memperoleh stigma sebagai penyebab utama penyebaran serta penularan virus HIV/AIDS. Berbagai cara telah diupayakan, salah satunya dengan sosialisasi layanan Voluntary, Counseling, and Tasting (VCT) untuk mengurangi penularan HIV/AIDS melalui perantara komunitas gay aktif yang menyasar kalangan masyarakat kategori Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL), yaitu Semarang GAY@ Community. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa proses negosiasi merupakan tahapan terpenting bagi individu gay serta orang-orang disekitarnya untuk mengatasi hambatan yang ada dalam pengambilan keputusan. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses komunikasi negosiasi individu Semarang GAY@ Community dalam memutuskan tes, melakukan konseling dan pendampingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan fenomenologi sebagai metode penelitian dengan paradigma kontruktivis. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori negosiasi karena negosiasi merupakan proses utama dalam penelitian ini, serta teori persuasif dan pengaruh sosial sebagai elemen yang terkandung dalam upaya pengambilan keputusan. Informan penelitian terdiri dari tiga orang Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) yang negatif dan tiga orang Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) yang positif HIV/AIDS. Hasil dari penelitian komunikasi negosiasi ini menunjukkan bahwa proses negosiasi terhadap pengambilan keputusan menggunakan dua model yaitu secara langsung maupun melalui perantara media dengan menggunakan sembilan prinsip persuasi. Komunikasi negosiasi pada penelitian ini dimulai dengan adanya posisi tawar (framing) untuk menciptakan perubahan sikap terhadap ajakan, dorongan dan motivasi sebelum melakukan Voluntary, Counseling, and Tasting (VCT) yang berasal dari keluarga, teman maupun pacar sesama Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL). Kedua, yaitu menyusun strategi melalui program konseling yang ditawarkan sebagai rencana dan taktik selama proses negosiasi, karena mengandung pesan persuasi yang membujuk individu gay mengikuti program pengendalian HIV/AIDS melalui Voluntary, Counseling, and Tasting (VCT) sebagai upaya mencegah dan mengurangi penularan virus dan mengikuti pendampingan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Ketiga, mengelola hubungan untuk menandai kesepakatan antara negosiator dan narasumber yang berarti bahwa pengambilan keputusan selama proses negosiasi telah berhasil seperti penandatangan form persetujuan saat akan diambil darahnya serta kesepakatakan Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) untuk melakukan terapi Anti Retro Viral (ARV), Kelompok Dampingan Sebaya (KDS) dan pendampingan. Proses komunikasi negosiasi baik narasumber kategori negatif maupun positif menghasilkan sikap sukarela dari Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) karena terdorong oleh rasa tanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiri dan menghasilkan gaya negosiasi yang berbeda-beda yaitu karena paksaan/jebakan, penasaran terhadap status kesehatan serta adanya imbalan. Secara esensi, penelitian ini menggunakan model muitilayer negotiation dan hanya mereka yang berada pada inner circle itulah yang memiliki hubungan dengan komunitas, karena dikelilingi oleh orang-orang yang tepat. Selain itu adanya terpaan yang bersifat subjektif dan individual merupakan kekuatan dan dapat mempengaruhi individu gay dalam pengambilan keputusan melakukan tes, konseling dan pendampingan

Everybody Talkin\u27 \u27Bout a Spoonful: The Blues, from America to England and Back

Though the blues are typically considered one of the few uniquely American musical styles, a group of British performers in the 1960s championed the blues to mainstream audiences on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. This essay explores the journey of the blues from the Mississippi Delta to Chicago and then across the Atlantic to England. It examines the various changes the genre underwent throughout this journey as well as aspects of the blues that remained static. Utilizing the song Spoonful as a common thread between these locations, this essay details how changes in popular opinion , advancements in technology, and sheer force of will on the part of its devotees brought the blues to the forefront of 1 960s popular music scenes

On the Valuation of Economic Goods

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of ‘good’ on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiomatic category and good which the economy deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way of valuating goods by the market is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period

The institutional dimension of market failure

Motivation: At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, institutionalism was presented by T. Veblen as an alternative to neoclassical economics. On the basis of neoclassical economics, in addition to the explanation how an effectively functioning market leads to maximization of welfare, we also find a market failure analysis. The main theme of the presented study is an attempt to synthesize these concepts, in particular to show how the institutional approach modifies the perception of the market failure.Aim: The aim of the article is to analyze the market failure on the basis of institutional economics. In addition, an attempt was made to determine how institutional solutions can result in limiting certain types of market failure.Results: In the light of the analysis carried out, the analysis of market failure based on Veblen’s institutionalism is not justified. However, the relation between the New Institutional Economics and the neoclassical interpretation of market failure can be noticed, mainly, when it comes to explaining the reasons for the existence of markets and the methods used to counteract external effects

Creativity in computer science

The aim of this paper is to briefly explore creative thinking in computer science, and compare it to natural sciences, mathematics or engineering. It is also meant as polemics with some theses of the pioneer work under the same title by Daniel Saunders and Paul Thagard because I point to important motivations in computer science the authors do not mention, and give examples of the origins of problems they explicitly deny. Computer science is a very specific field for it relates the abstract, theoretical discipline – mathematics, on the one hand, and engineering, often concerned with very practical tasks of building computers, on the other. It is like engineering in that it is concerned with solving practical problems or implementing solutions, often with strongly financial reasons, e.g. increasing a company’s income. It is like mathematics in that is deals with abstract symbols, logical relations, algorithms, computability problems, etc. Saunders and Thagard analyse rich experimental material from historical and contemporary work in computer science and argue that, as opposed to natural sciences, computer science is not concerned with describing and explaining natural phenomena. Now, I argue that there is a field of research in artificial intelligence (which, in turn, is a branch of computer science), called machine discovery, where explanation of natural phenomena, finding experimental laws and explanatory models is the primary goal. This goal is achieved by constructing computer systems whose job is to simulate various processes involved in scientific discovery done by human researchers, and help them in making new discoveries. On the other hand, motivations that give rise to ingenious projects in computer science can be very strange and include curiosity, fun or attempts to be famous out of boring, stable life of a successful programmer in a big corporation. A good example is the phenomenon of open-source software, especially the development of the Linux operating system and its applications when, from economical point of view, Microsoft absolutely dominated the software market of personal computers

An Exploration on Why Parents Choose Catholic Schools

“Though Many We Are One” is one of the mottos of a Catholic school system and is the foundational statement to what Catholic school stand for in the Diocese of the Midwest (pseudonym). My dissertation explores why parents choose alternative education in a Catholic schools. Catholic schools provide the student with the guidance and the ability to grow academically, spiritually, and emotionally. I analyzed the viewpoints of parents, administrators, and pastors within selected Catholic schools in the diocese to determine if there are similar foundational statements among multiple Catholic schools or if each school stands for something entirely different. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to understand parents’ perspectives. This study expands on Vygotsky’s theory that “the environment in which children grow up will influence how they think and what they think about” (p. 2). Students placed in an environment where a family are present in a child’s life, addressed by their name and their needs met, and the values and moral system taught in Catholic schools is an intricate part of the daily lessons taught. The overall themes include experiences of Catholic school parents, the importance of Catholic schools, and upholding the future of Catholic education

Rural Physician Assistant Job Satisfaction and Factors That Lead to Satisfaction

Background. PAs play a critical role in serving under-served rural communities. It will be of benefit to the rural communities in Minnesota to idenitfy what practice and community factors work to recruit and retain a high percentage of PAs to rural practice in Minnesota\u27 Methods A written questionnaire was mailed to PAs working in rural Minnesota who are members of MAPA, The survey explored community and practice aspects that contribute to job satisfaction. Results Ninety-two percent of respondents stated they were satisfied to very satisfied with their overall practice. Overall practice satisfaction was most strongly positively correlated with acknowledgment from patients and community members, physicians and nurses. Eighty-nine percent of respondents stated they were satisfied to very satisfied with overall community. Conclusions Rural Minnesota PAs indicated that satisfaction with practice and satisfaction with community were important co-contributors, therefore, suggesting that efforts toward rural community development are worthwhile and are important in promoting success in retaining local health care personnel. This study identified rural Minnesota PA overall practice satisfaction was most strongly influenced by acknowledgement from patients\u27 This evidence suggests the importance to educate patients, physicians, and other health care workers of the role, education, and experience of PAs

A mixed computational modelling and experimental approach to the interaction between gold nanoparticles and blood proteins

Upon arrival at the bloodstream, injected gold nanoparticles are covered with circulating plasma proteins, creating what is called a plasma corona. Its protein content is determined by the proteins’ affinity constants to the exposed surface of the nanoparticle. This work aims to propose an interaction mechanism between three plasma proteins and CALNN-functionalized nanoparticles via computational simulation and complementary experimental approach. Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis determined the protein content of two human plasma samples, and helped in the characterization of the three most abundant blood proteins used in this study. Estimation of their electrostatic potential surfaces, silhouette areas, and diameters allowed the evaluation of the theoretical number of proteins forming a fully-covered nanoparticle. Seventeen transferrin molecules and eighteen albumin molecules with a side-on adsorption orientation were predicted to represent a monolayer adsorbome in a 20 nm gold nanoparticle. The dynamics of albumin adsorption to nanoparticles was studied through incubation-time assays on agarose gel electrophoresis, resulting in a stable protein corona starting from 7 h incubation time. The concentration ratio forming protein corona at the surface of nanoparticles was analysed through agarose gels electrophoretic mobility assays, revealing the formation of a full protein corona when a plateau in bionanoconjugates migration is achieved, resulting in protein coronas of [HSA]:[AuNP-CALNN] of 200:1 and 600:1 for [BPF]:[AuNP-CALNN] concentration ratios. Zeta-potential values were derived by relating agarose percentage with electrophoretic mobility of albumin bionanoconjugates, resulting in lower potential values for bionanoconjugates due to surface charge shielding of nanoparticles. Obtained ζ-potential values ranged from -26.05 up to -20.36 mV, forming colloid stable bionanoconjugates. Hydrodynamic radii of bionanoconjugates of albumin supported the formation of a monolayered and two-layered protein corona with increasing albumin:nanoparticle concentration ratios. Transferrin and fibrinogen showed increasing hydrodynamic radii with increasing protein:nanoparticle concentration ratios; in which fibrinogen bionanoconjugates showed fibrinogen wrapping around the nanoparticle. Electrostatic potential surfaces and protein-ligand docking using nanoparticle’s capping agent CALNN was performed in order to predict possible adsorption sites of human albumin and transferrin