Nova lei de migrações : uma análise da agenda à regulamentação

Na ditadura militar o Brasil criou a Lei n. 6.815/80, referida como Estatuto do Estrangeiro, que marca o estrangeiro como uma ameaça à soberania do Estado brasileiro, defendendo os direitos do trabalhador local em detrimento do estrangeiro. Diferentemente de outros direitos, o Estatuto do Estrangeiro se manteve em vigor após a criação da Constituição Nacional de 1988, causando assim, uma incompatibilidade entre as duas legislações. Com o objetivo se superar a problemática defasagem do Estatuto do Estrangeiro, após longa discussão na câmara dos deputados, foi aprovada a lei 13.445/2017 que institui a nova lei de migrações. O texto conta com 20 vetos presidenciais e uma regulamentação que possui 319 artigos. A nova legislação conta com mudanças no cerne da política migratória do Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito à visão do imigrante não mais como uma ameaça à segurança, mas como um indivíduo digno de direitos fundamentais. Foi realizado no presente trabalho a análise sobre o andamento da nova legislação através dos conceitos de agenda, o reconhecimento de um problema social passível de atuação estatal, e formulação, que é a escolha da maneira que esse problema será enfrentado pelo Estado. Efetivando assim, um estudo sobre processo de reconhecimento da migração como um problema social, bem como os procedimento que a lei passou, exemplificados na discussão na câmara dos deputados e nos vetos presidenciais. Também um breve estudo crítico sobre o Decreto 9.199/2017 que representou um novo retrocesso na política migratória, entrando em confronto com a própria lei em vigor.In the military dictatorship, Brazil created Law no. 6.815/80, referred to as the Foreign Statute, which marks the foreigner as a threat to the sovereignty of the Brazilian State, defending the rights of the local worker to the detriment of the foreigner. Unlike other rights, the Foreign Statute remained in force after the creation of the 1988 National Constitution, causing an incompatibility between the two legislations. With the objective of overcoming the problematic lag of the Foreigners' Statute, after a long discussion in the Chamber of Deputies the Law 13.445/ 2017, which established the new immigration law, was approved. The text counts on 20 presidential vetoes and a regulation that has 319 articles. The new legislation has changes at the heart of Brazil's migration policy, especially as regards the vision on immigrant no longer as a threat to security, but as an individual worthy of fundamental rights. The analysis of the progress of the new legislation through the concepts of the agenda, the recognition of a social problem that is capable of state action, and formulation, which is the choice of the way that this problem will be faced by the State, was carried out in the present work. Thus, a study on the process of recognition of migration as a social problem, as well as the procedures that the law passed, exemplified in the discussion in the chamber of deputies and in the presidential vetoes. Also a brief critical study on Decree 9.1991 / 2017, which represented a new setback in immigration policy, in conflict with the law in force

IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE AVALIAÇÃO FORENSE PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE PSICOPATIA EM CRIMINOSOS

Objetivos: O presente artigo objetiva apresentar um panorama da avaliação da psicopatia, e as possíveis implicações desta prática para o procedimento de aferição de risco de probabilidade de reincidência criminal e consequências eficazes para o sistema de justiça brasileiro.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada por meio das plataformas de bancos de dados de periódicos científicos referentes ao tema avaliação de psicopatia, além de literatura especializada. Diante da baixa publicação nacional referente ao tema do presente artigo, os dados fornecidos são em sua maioria internacionais.Resultados: Psicopatia é um padrão comportamental que inclui um conjunto específico de comportamentos interpessoais, afetivos, estilo de vida e antissociais. A falta de empatia nos psicopatas pode resultar em consequências sociais negativas. Psicopatia não é uma doença psiquiátrica, portanto, não caracteriza a inimputabilidade penal. Os criminosos psicopatas devem ser responsabilizados criminalmente, da mesma forma que os não psicopatas, tendo os mesmos direitos e garantias da Constituição Federal Brasileira. O Psychological Checklist Revised – PCL-R (Hare, 1991) é um instrumento de avaliação que tem sido considerado eficaz se utilizado por profissionais especializados, para que seja aplicado em criminosos sentenciados por prática de crimes violentos contra a pessoa, para verificação de psicopatia e permitir eventuais medidas objetivadas a prevenção de reincidência criminosa dos mesmos.Contribuições: No Brasil este tipo de avaliação não ocorre de forma sistemática. Discute-se os impactos que tal prática poderia ter sobre a construção de um sistema penitenciário mas eficaz e humanizado.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Psicopatia; reincidência; avaliação forense; Psychological Checklist Revised.ABSTRACTObjective: The present article aims to present a brief overview of the psychopathy evaluation, and the possible implications of this practice for the procedure of assessing the probability of criminal recidivism and effective consequences for the Brazilian justice system. Methodology: The research was carried out through the platforms of scientific databases journals referring to the psychopathic evaluation theme, in addition to specialized literature. In view of the low national publication on this article's subject, the data provided are mostly international. Results: Psychopathy is a behavioral pattern that includes a specific set of interpersonal, affective, lifestyle and antisocial behaviors. Lack of empathy in psychopaths can result in negative social consequences. Psychopathy is not a psychiatric disease, therefore, it does not characterize criminal non imputability. Psychopathic criminals must be prosecuted when they commit a crime, in the same way as non-psychopaths, having the same rights and guarantees of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. The Psychological Checklist Revised - PCL-R (Hare, 1991) is an evaluation tool that has been considered effective if used by specialized professionals, so that it can be applied to criminals sentenced for committing violent crimes against the person, to verify psychopathy and allow possible measures aimed at preventing their criminal recurrence. Contributions: In Brazil, this type of evaluation does not occur systematically. It discusses the impacts that such a practice could have on the construction of a more effective and humanized prison system. KEYWORDS: Psychopathy; Recidivism; Forensic Assessment; Psychological Checklist Revised. 

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the action of gut microbiota and nutrology in celiac disease: state of the art

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common disorders related to diet, with a global prevalence of about 1%. The aggravations caused by CD promote an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM). However, it is not yet known specifically how the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogeny of this disease, and whether microbiota dysbiosis would be the cause or consequence of CD. Objective: The present study aimed to correlate the main results of the action of the gut microbiota and functional nutrition for the treatment of celiac disease. Methods: This study followed the rules of PRISMA. The research was carried out from June 2021 to 2022 and developed at Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Ovid. The quality of the evidence was classified according to the GRADE. The Cochrane instrument was adopted to assess the risk of bias of included studies. For data analysis, Minitab 18® statistical program was used. A common descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The One-Way test (ANOVA) was applied, adopting the α level lower than 0.05 with a statistically significant difference for the 95% CI. Results: The present study found thirteen (13) important clinical studies, of which 12 were Randomized Controlled Studies (RCTs) and one (1) Cross-Sectional Observational study of the total of 113 studies evaluated, showing a high quality of scientific evidence in the studies addressed, with a level of scientific evidence AI. Also, the analyzed studies showed high homogeneity in the results (high association=>50%) to studies with larger sample sizes (greater precision), presenting 98.65%. The present study showed that certain diets/probiotics can promote the improvement of GM as well as DC, especially in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, patients who follow a GFD may be prone to nutritional deficiencies. Conclusion: According to the results, although some studies have a small sample size, the main randomized clinical studies showed that the modulation of nutrients/probiotics and the gut microbiota improve the inflammatory process of celiac disease, especially in patients with a gluten-free diet

Behavior-Analytic Psychotherapy with high-risk juvenile offenders: antisocial patterns modification and criminal recidivism decrease

O presente estudo objetivou verificar se intervenções terapêuticas analítico-comportamentais com adolescentes infratores de alto-risco estariam relacionadas à diminuição dos comportamentos indesejáveis de hostilidade, mentir e culpar o outro e ao aumento de comportamentos adequados de auto-revelação, expressão de sentimentos positivos e expressão de arrependimento. Visou também identificar as intervenções mais utilizadas pelo psicoterapeuta e verificar se as mudanças estariam relacionadas à diminuição da reincidência criminal, permanência na escola, manutenção do trabalho e promoção de auto-sustento.This study aimed to verify whether behavioral analytic therapeutic intervention with high-risk juvenile offenders would be related to the decrease of undesirable behaviors such as hostility, lying, and blaming others, as well as the increase of desirable behaviors like self-disclosure, expression of positive feelings, and regrets. It also aimed to identify which interventions the psychotherapist used, and verify whether changes were related to the following measures of social reintegration: decrease in criminal recidivism, remaining at school, job maintenance, and self-sustenance

Programa de treinamento de habilidades sociais para a prática do futebol

O presente estudo consistiu no desenvolvimento de um programa de treinamento em habilidades sociais, com intervenções psicológicas em grupo, voltado para o esporte, especificamente o futebol. Os participantes eram atletas juvenis (14 a 16 anos), de um Clube profissional da cidade Curitiba. Todos eram estudantes e parte deles moravam no alojamento do Clube e outra parte em suas residências. Ocorreram aplicações de pré-teste e pós-teste de um inventário que avaliou as habilidades sociais dos pesquisados, para delimitar os escores destes antes e depois da intervenção. O programa de habilidades sociais consistiu em 11 sessões, com duração de 1 hora e 30 minutos cada, duas vezes por semana, com vivências das principais habilidades necessárias para o desenvolvimento da competência social. As vivências foram adaptadas ao contexto do esporte. O programa revelou-se uma ferramenta adicional eficaz no processo de formação do atleta, apontando para a presença da psicologia como cada vez mais importante no esporte; uma vez que os atletas recebem treinamentos técnicos e táticos, recebem apoio médico, fisioterápico e nutricional, mas muitas vezes não contam com o acompanhamento psicológico, o que poderá ser no futuro um fator determinante para o sucesso profissional. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem ser possível propor um programa de Habilidades Sociais para o futebol e considerá-lo válido para a formação do atleta, pois o ajudará em seu desenvolvimento pessoal, o que invariavelmente o auxiliará em seu rendimento esportivo

Blood Transfusion and Increased Perioperative Risk in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts

Abstract Objective: To correlate blood transfusions and clinical outcomes during hospitalization in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Methods: Transfusion, clinical and hematological data were collected for 1,378 patients undergoing isolated or combined CABG between January 2011 and December 2012. The effect of blood transfusions was evaluated through multivariate analysis to predict three co-primary outcomes: composite ischemic events, composite infectious complications and hospital mortality. Because higher risk patients receive more transfusions, the hospital mortality outcome was also tested on a stratum of low-risk patients to isolate the effect of preoperative risk on the results. Results: The transfusion rate was 63.9%. The use of blood products was associated with a higher incidence of the three coprimary outcomes: composite infectious complications (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.19; P<0.001), composite ischemic events (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.46; P<0.001) and hospital mortality (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.13; P<0.001). When only patients with logistic EuroSCORE ≤ 2% were evaluated, i.e., low-risk individuals, the mortality rate and the incidence of ischemic events and infectious complications composites remained higher among the transfused patients [6% vs. 0.4% (P<0.001), 11.7% vs. 24,3% (P<0.001) and 6.5% vs. 12.7% (P=0.002), respectively]. Conclusion: The use of blood components in patients undergoing CABG was associated with ischemic events, infectious complications and hospital mortality, even in low-risk patients

Blood Transfusion and Increased Perioperative Risk in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts

<div><p>Abstract Objective: To correlate blood transfusions and clinical outcomes during hospitalization in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Methods: Transfusion, clinical and hematological data were collected for 1,378 patients undergoing isolated or combined CABG between January 2011 and December 2012. The effect of blood transfusions was evaluated through multivariate analysis to predict three co-primary outcomes: composite ischemic events, composite infectious complications and hospital mortality. Because higher risk patients receive more transfusions, the hospital mortality outcome was also tested on a stratum of low-risk patients to isolate the effect of preoperative risk on the results. Results: The transfusion rate was 63.9%. The use of blood products was associated with a higher incidence of the three coprimary outcomes: composite infectious complications (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.19; P<0.001), composite ischemic events (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.46; P<0.001) and hospital mortality (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.53 to 6.13; P<0.001). When only patients with logistic EuroSCORE ≤ 2% were evaluated, i.e., low-risk individuals, the mortality rate and the incidence of ischemic events and infectious complications composites remained higher among the transfused patients [6% vs. 0.4% (P<0.001), 11.7% vs. 24,3% (P<0.001) and 6.5% vs. 12.7% (P=0.002), respectively]. Conclusion: The use of blood components in patients undergoing CABG was associated with ischemic events, infectious complications and hospital mortality, even in low-risk patients.</p></div

Epidemiological characteristics, practice of ventilation, and clinical outcome in patients at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units from 16 countries (PRoVENT): an international, multicentre, prospective study

Background Scant information exists about the epidemiological characteristics and outcome of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and how ventilation is managed in these individuals. We aimed to establish the epidemiological characteristics of patients at risk of ARDS, describe ventilation management in this population, and assess outcomes compared with people at no risk of ARDS. Methods PRoVENT (PRactice of VENTilation in critically ill patients without ARDS at onset of ventilation) is an international, multicentre, prospective study undertaken at 119 ICUs in 16 countries worldwide. All patients aged 18 years or older who were receiving mechanical ventilation in participating ICUs during a 1-week period between January, 2014, and January, 2015, were enrolled into the study. The Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS) was used to stratify risk of ARDS, with a score of 4 or higher defining those at risk of ARDS. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients at risk of ARDS. Secondary outcomes included ventilatory management (including tidal volume [VT] expressed as mL/kg predicted bodyweight [PBW], and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] expressed as cm H2O), development of pulmonary complications, and clinical outcomes. The PRoVENT study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01868321. The study has been completed. Findings Of 3023 patients screened for the study, 935 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these critically ill patients, 282 were at risk of ARDS (30%, 95% CI 27\u201333), representing 0\ub714 cases per ICU bed over a 1-week period. VT was similar for patients at risk and not at risk of ARDS (median 7\ub76 mL/kg PBW [IQR 6\ub77\u20139\ub71] vs 7\ub79 mL/kg PBW [6\ub78\u20139\ub71]; p=0\ub7346). PEEP was higher in patients at risk of ARDS compared with those not at risk (median 6\ub70 cm H2O [IQR 5\ub70\u20138\ub70] vs 5\ub70 cm H2O [5\ub70\u20137\ub70]; p&lt;0\ub70001). The prevalence of ARDS in patients at risk of ARDS was higher than in individuals not at risk of ARDS (19/260 [7%] vs 17/556 [3%]; p=0\ub7004). Compared with individuals not at risk of ARDS, patients at risk of ARDS had higher in-hospital mortality (86/543 [16%] vs 74/232 [32%]; p&lt;0\ub70001), ICU mortality (62/533 [12%] vs 66/227 [29%]; p&lt;0\ub70001), and 90-day mortality (109/653 [17%] vs 88/282 [31%]; p&lt;0\ub70001). VT did not differ between patients who did and did not develop ARDS (p=0\ub7471 for those at risk of ARDS; p=0\ub7323 for those not at risk). Interpretation Around a third of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU were at risk of ARDS. Pulmonary complications occur frequently in patients at risk of ARDS and their clinical outcome is worse compared with those not at risk of ARDS. There is potential for improvement in the management of patients without ARDS. Further refinements are needed for prediction of ARDS