The first Devonian holocephalian tooth from Poland

A recently found "bradyodont" holocephalian tooth from bituminous shales of the Kowala Quarry, south-western Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, dated as the middle Famennian Palmatolepis trachytera conodont Zone, is described. In spite of its resemblance to the forms often attributed to Helodus, the tooth is referred to as Psephodus cf. magnus (Agassiz, 1838), and supposed to represent the anterior part of the dentition, based on a partly articulated specimen of Psephodus from the Carboniferous of Scotland. The analysis of early helodonts and psephodonts, and other Famennián chondrichthyan crushing teeth, shows numerous similarities in tooth-base structure, such as the reduction of lingual basal extension, loss of articulation devices, development of numerous nutritive foramina, and the tendency to fusion between the teeth in a tooth-family. Based on these shared characters, close phylogenetic relationships between the Protacrodontoidea, Hybodontoidea, and the Holocephali are postulated

THE PROVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS BY SMALL FARMS FROM A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE – SELECTED PROBLEMS

The changing model of functioning of agriculture brings new directions of its development, including functions related to providing environmental benefits. Environmental protection has become the most important point of reference in shaping all policies implemented by the European Union (EU), including the Common Agricultural Policy. Farmers, as its main beneficiaries, should take this into account. Decisions made by agricultural producers in their production processes are of great importance to the environment. The aim of the paper was to show and analyze regional differentiation of environmental benefits resulting from the functioning of small farms on the example of selected farm characteristics. The data for the analysis was obtained from the System of Collection and Use of Farm Accounting Data (Polish FADN) from three years (2017, 2018 and 2019). On the basis of a comparative and statistical analysis, it was concluded that the provision of environmental benefits by small farms is regionally differentiated. Soil protection and pro-environmental measures are emphasized in the Common Agricultural Policy's new arrangements for 2023-2027. This will primarily require knowledge transfer at the level of the institutional environment of agriculture (primarily of an advisory nature) at the national and regional level

Inteligentna organizacja jako źródło sukcesu organizacji na wybranym przykładzie

Conception of an intelligent organization was introduced to the theory and practice of management as the answer to the transformation process of the contemporary economy. This is undoubtedly a challenge for organizations which are located in the Mazovia area. Now, the traditional structure and the management model there, are less useful for the new forms, as the results of 26 firms in the year 2012 allow to estimate their intelligence. The intelligent organization's features, which were diagnosed, permit us to say, that the researched companies are at the initial stage of knowledge management, as it should take place in intelligent organizationsKoncepcja inteligentnej organizacji została wprowadzona do teorii i praktyki zarządzania jako odpowiedź na procesy transformacji współczesnej gospodarki. Stanowi ona niewątpliwie wyzwanie dla funkcjonujących jednostek w dzisiejszych uwarunkowaniach gospodarki rynkowej. Obecnie tradycyjne struktury i modele zarządzania stają się coraz mniej przydatne dla nowych form i warunków działalności. Wyniki 26 zbadanych firm w 2012 roku w tym zakresie pozwalają na ocenę "inteligencji" wybranych jednostek. Zdiagnozowane cechy inteligentnych organizacji pozwalają stwierdzić, że indagowane firmy są na etapie wstępnego wdrażania poszczególnych cech charakterystycznych dla inteligentnych organizacj

Changes in the content of carotenoids in edible potato cultivated with the application of biostimulants and herbicide

An application of biostimulants is becoming an increasingly popular operation in agriculture because they positively affect crop performance and qualitative characteristics, and prevent stress-related losses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an application of the following biostimulants: PlonoStart, Aminoplant, and Agro-Sorb Folium, and the herbicide Avatar 293 ZC on total carotenoids in table potato tubers. The research material consisted of tubers of two table potato cultivars, Oberon and Malaga, which were produced in a 3-year field experiment. Chemical analyses of fresh material were conducted 4–6 days following harvest. Biostimulants applied with the herbicide significantly increased the table potato tuber content of carotenoids compared to tubers obtained from unamended control plots. The highest accumulation of carotenoids was determined following an application of the biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium, and it was higher in the tubers of cv. Oberon versus cv. Malaga. It should be added that in the available literature there is no research on the effect of biostimulants on the content of carotenoids in potato, which is the main food in the world. Carotenoids perform many important functions in the human body. They exhibit antioxidant properties, which means that they protect cells from damage, and also have a beneficial effect on the immune system. Carotenoids are substances that show an indispensable effect on the health and appearance of the skin. Regular consumption of them in the form of vegetables and fruits ensures its firmness, elasticity, smoothness, as well as a healthy appearance. The protective function of carotenoids against free radicals simultaneously contributes to slowing down the aging process. This action, in turn, translates into preventing the development of cancer or diseases of the circulatory system

Prozdrowotne właściwości gryki zwyczajnej (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The paper presents the origin of the common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and its nutritional value. The chemical composition of the seeds, the health-promoting properties of the fruit, and the potential for use in the food industry (groats, flour, flakes, breads, pastas, cookies), pharmaceuticals and herbal medicine (teas and herbal preparations, dietary supplements) were discussed. The health benefits of buckwheat honey are presented, as well as the use of buckwheat husk as a by-product for filling pillows, anti-decubitus mattresses, horns, bands or seats, which have a therapeutic effect. Buckwheat is a valuable agricultural crop due to its low soil requirements, high resistance to diseases and pests, high honey yield per hectare, in addition, it enriches the biodiversity of the fields.W pracy przedstawiono pochodzenie gryki zwyczajnej (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) i jej wartości odżywcze. Omówiono skład chemiczny nasion, właściwości prozdrowotne owoców oraz możliwości wykorzystania rośliny w przemyśle spożywczym (w postaci kaszy, mąki, płatków, pieczywa, makaronów, ciastek), farmaceutycznym i ziołolecznictwie (w postaci herbatek i preparatów ziołowych, suplementów diety). Przedstawiono walory zdrowotne miodu gryczanego oraz wykorzystanie łuski gryczanej – będącej produktem ubocznym przetwarzania spożywczego gryki – do wypełniania poduszek, materacy przeciwodleżynowych, rogali, opasek czy siedzisk, które mają działanie terapeutyczne. Gryka to cenna roślina rolnicza ze względu na niewielkie wymagania glebowe, wysoką odporność na choroby i szkodniki oraz dużą wydajność miodową z 1 ha; ponadto wzbogaca bioróżnorodność pól

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

The importance of influencers in the decisions of consumers in the fashion industry

Głównym celem zrealizowanych badań było pokazanie oddziaływania influencerów na decyzjezakupowe konsumenckie w branży modowej. Techniką badawczą wykorzystaną na potrzebypracy była CAWI. W badaniach uczestniczyło 140 respondentów. Wyniki wykazały, że jedynie31% ankietowanych dokonuje zakupów rzeczy promowanych przez influencerów, a 45,2%poszukuje informacji o produktach modowych u twórców cyfrowych. Wynika z tego, że twórcyinternetowi nie cieszą się dużym zaufaniem wśród badanych.The main goal of the research was to show the impact of influencers on consumer purchasingdecisions in the fashion industry. The research technique used for the purposes of the study wasCAWI. 140 respondents participated in the research. The results showed that only 31% ofrespondents buy things promoted by influencers, and 45.2% look for information about fashionproducts from digital creators. It follows that internet creators do not enjoy much trust among therespondents

Influence of completed payment on production profitability of starch potatoes

Poland is a formal member of the European Union. New rules of Common Agriculture Policy (CAP), the same as in all countries belonging to the European Union (EU) operate on agricultural markets. The accession to the EU is beneficial for Polish starch potato producers due to the higher level of profits from productions and selling starch potatoes. The research showed, that completed payment for producers of starch potatoes is very important and they created the level of profitability of this plant

Zmiany w systemie rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce w latach 2009-2012

Obecnie w polityce rolnej zachodzą zmiany polegające na promowaniu systemów produkcji metodami ekologicznymi. Celem pracy było przedstawienie rosnącego znaczenia rolnictwa ekologicznego jako alternatywnego systemu gospodarowania w Polsce w latach 2009-2012. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na ekologiczne gospodarstwa rolne, ich strukturę i powierzchnię ekologiczną użytków rolnych. Badaniami objęto liczbę gospodarstw ekologicznych z certyfikatem i w okresie konwersji, strukturę upraw na ekologicznych użytkach rolnych oraz grupy obszarowe gospodarstw ekologicznych. Wykazano, że większość producentów ekologicznych w Polsce (98,7%) to ekologiczni producenci rolni. Stwierdzono, że z roku na rok analizowanego okresu wzrastała liczba gospodarstw ekologicznych oraz powierzchnia upraw będących w tym systemie. Największą powierzchnię ekologicznych użytków rolnych zajmowały łąki i pastwiska, uprawy roślin paszowych oraz zboża. W ostatnim roku badań odnotowano, że według struktury obszarowej dominowały gospodarstwa ekologiczne o powierzchni od 10 do 20 ha. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, iż produkcja ekologiczna jest to jeden z najlepiej rozwijających się systemów produkcji rolnej

Income situation of cereal producers on the example of wheat producers

Cereals are cultivated on nearly 75% of the arable land area in Poland. Cereal production contributes to 22.9% of the global agricultural production and 38.8% of plant production. An income situation of the Polish producers of cereals was disadvantageous in 2009. There was observed a decrease in profitability of this branch since 2008. An essential role for the income situation of wheat producers was played by payments, which guaranteed a positive financial effect of this production activity. Research allowed to display a small role of an intervention purchase as a factor stabilizating income on this market branch