Niveles de colinesterasa sérica en agricultores de San Pablo de Borbur, Boyacá, expuestos a organofosforados

Introducción: las colinesterasas son enzimas que se encargan de hidrolizar la acetilcolina en ácido acético y colina, poniéndole fin a la transmisión nerviosa a lo largo de la sinapsis de las uniones neuromusculares. La medición de la actividad colinesterasa sérica constituye un indicador del efecto causado por la exposición prolongada a los organofosforados Objetivo: determinar los niveles de colinesterasa sérica y factores relacionados con la exposición a organofosforados en agricultores de la vereda de Páramo Lagunas de San Pablo de Borbur, Boyacá, Colombia. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 57 trabajadores; a cada individuo se le aplicó una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos y factores laborales, y se tomó una muestra de sangre venosa en ayuno de 8-12 horas; se determinaron las concentraciones de colinesterasa sérica (kit Colinesterasa Butiriltiocolina Biosystems®), con el equipo automatizado de química clínica A-15 de Biosystems®. Resultados: el rango de edad de los participantes estuvo entre los 22 y 64 años; el 72 % de los individuos pertenecía al sexo masculino. El 3,5 % (2 varones) presentó valores inferiores al intervalo biológico de referencia (IBR); el 88 % de las personas afirmó realizar tareas con plaguicidas, y el 54 % afirmó no utilizar los elementos de protección personal (EPP) al trabajar con estas sustancias. Conclusiones: se evidenció la falta de escolaridad y la ausencia del acompañamiento técnico en esta zona, lo que induce a que estos agricultores realicen procesos agrícolas, como aplicación de plaguicidas, sin el adecuado conocimiento y sin la utilización adecuada de EEP.Introduction: Cholinesterases are enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing acetylcholine in acetic acid and choline, which ends nerve transmission along the synapse of neuromuscular junctions. Measurement of serum cholinesterase activity acts as an indicator of the effect caused by prolonged exposure to organophosphates and carbamates Objective: To determine serum cholinesterase levels and factors related to exposure to organophosphates in farmers from the county of Páramo Lagunas in San Pablo de Borbur, Boyacá, Colombia. Methodology: Prospective, cross-sectional study, with a sample of 57 agricultural workers, a survey of sociodemographic data and labor factors was applied to each individual and a venous blood sample was taken in an 8-12 hour fasting; Serum cholinesterase concentrations were determined (Biosystems® Butyrylthiocholine Cholinesterase kit), by means of the Biosystems® A-15 automated clinical chemistry kit. Results: The age range of the participants was between 22 and 64 years old, 72% of the individuals belonged to the male sex. 3.5% (2 male individuals) presented values lower than the biological reference interval (BRI); 88% of the people affirmed to carry out tasks with pesticides and 54% of them affirmed not to use personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with these substances. Conclusions: The lack of schooling was evidenced in most of the farmers, as well as the absence of technical support to this area, which induces these farmers to carry out agricultural processes such as pesticide application, without adequate knowledge and without the proper use of PPE.Introducción: las colinesterasas son enzimas que se encargan de hidrolizar la acetilcolina en ácido acético y colina, poniéndole fin a la transmisión nerviosa a lo largo de la sinapsis de las uniones neuromusculares. La medición de la actividad colinesterasa sérica constituye un indicador del efecto causado por la exposición prolongada a los organofosforados Objetivo: determinar los niveles de colinesterasa sérica y factores relacionados con la exposición a organofosforados en agricultores de la vereda de Páramo Lagunas de San Pablo de Borbur, Boyacá, Colombia. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 57 trabajadores; a cada individuo se le aplicó una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos y factores laborales, y se tomó una muestra de sangre venosa en ayuno de 8-12 horas; se determinaron las concentraciones de colinesterasa sérica (kit Colinesterasa Butiriltiocolina Biosystems®), con el equipo automatizado de química clínica A-15 de Biosystems®. Resultados: el rango de edad de los participantes estuvo entre los 22 y 64 años; el 72 % de los individuos pertenecía al sexo masculino. El 3,5 % (2 varones) presentó valores inferiores al intervalo biológico de referencia (IBR); el 88 % de las personas afirmó realizar tareas con plaguicidas, y el 54 % afirmó no utilizar los elementos de protección personal (EPP) al trabajar con estas sustancias. Conclusiones: se evidenció la falta de escolaridad y la ausencia del acompañamiento técnico en esta zona, lo que induce a que estos agricultores realicen procesos agrícolas, como aplicación de plaguicidas, sin el adecuado conocimiento y sin la utilización adecuada de EEP

Bases genéticas y moleculares de la preeclampsia

La preeclampsia es una enfermedad compleja, exclusiva de la gestación humana y responsables de una alta morbimortalidad perinatal. Ha sido denominada la enfermedad de las múltiples teorÍas, en la cual tanto factores medioambientales como genéticos se han asociado al desarrollo de la misma. para la identificación de los genes candidatos asociados con la PE, se han empleado dos tipos de metodologÍa, los estudios de asociación y los estudios de ligamiento.[Serrano NC, Páes MC, MartÍnez MP, Casas JP, Gil L, Nvarro AA. Bases genéticas y moleculares de la preeclampsia. MedUNAB 2002; 5(15):185-94].Palabras clave: Genética, preeclampsia, polimorfismos, estudios de ligamiento, estudios de asociación, metileneterahidrofolato reductasa, lipoprotein lipasa, óxidonitrico sintasa endotelial, factor V de Leiden, angiotesinógeno, HLA-G, y factor denecrosis tumoral alfa.Preeclampsia is a complex disease, exclusive of human pregnancy and responsible for high perinatal morbidity and mortality. It has been called the disease of multiple theories, in which both environmental and genetic factors have been associated with its development. For the identification of candidate genes associated with PE, two types of methodology have been used, association studies and linkage studies. This article explains the rationale for both studies and reviews the main candidate genes within the pathophysiology of the disease, including those that code for the enzymes methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, lipoprotein lipase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase; factor V Leiden, angiotensinogen, HLA-G, and necrotumor factor alph

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Development of a Conceptual Model and Survey Instrument to Measure Conscientious Objection to Abortion Provision

Conscientious objection to abortion, clinicians’ refusal to perform legal abortions because of their religious or moral beliefs, has been the subject of increasing debate among bioethicists, policymakers, and public health advocates in recent years. Conscientious objection policies are intended to balance reproductive rights and clinicians’ beliefs. However, in practice, clinician objection can act as a barrier to abortion access–impinging on reproductive rights, and increasing unsafe abortion and related morbidity and mortality. There is little information about conscientious objection from a medical or public health perspective. A quantitative instrument is needed to assess prevalence of conscientious objection and to provide insight on its practice. This paper describes the development of a survey instrument to measure conscientious objection to abortion provision.Methods: A literature review, and in-depth formative interviews with stakeholders in Colombia were used to develop a conceptual model of conscientious objection. This model led to the development of a survey, which was piloted, and then administered, in Ghana.Results: The model posits three domains of conscientious objection that form the basis for the survey instrument: 1) beliefs about abortion and conscientious objection; 2) actions related to conscientious objection and abortion; and 3) self-identification as a conscientious objector.Conclusions: The instrument is intended to be used to assess prevalence among clinicians trained to provide abortions, and to gain insight on how conscientious objection is practiced in a variety of settings. Its results can inform more effective and appropriate strategies to regulate conscientious objection

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex illness of the human gestation

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex illness of the human gestation. It is responsible for a high perinatal morbimortality.It is the illness of the multiple theories; in one environmentaland genetic factors are associated to explain it. To find genes candidates to be associated with PE, two methodology types are used: association and binding studies. In this paper we presented the foundation of both studies that explain the main genes candidates to involve in the genesis of this illness,like that ones that code for the methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase, lipoprotein lipase and endothelial nitric oxidesintase, Leiden‘s V factor, angiotensinogen, HLA-G, alphatumoral necrosis factor

Development of a Conceptual Model and Survey Instrument to Measure Conscientious Objection to Abortion Provision

<div><p>Background and Objective</p><p>Conscientious objection to abortion, clinicians’ refusal to perform legal abortions because of their religious or moral beliefs, has been the subject of increasing debate among bioethicists, policymakers, and public health advocates in recent years. Conscientious objection policies are intended to balance reproductive rights and clinicians’ beliefs. However, in practice, clinician objection can act as a barrier to abortion access–impinging on reproductive rights, and increasing unsafe abortion and related morbidity and mortality. There is little information about conscientious objection from a medical or public health perspective. A quantitative instrument is needed to assess prevalence of conscientious objection and to provide insight on its practice. This paper describes the development of a survey instrument to measure conscientious objection to abortion provision.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A literature review, and in-depth formative interviews with stakeholders in Colombia were used to develop a conceptual model of conscientious objection. This model led to the development of a survey, which was piloted, and then administered, in Ghana.</p><p>Results</p><p>The model posits three domains of conscientious objection that form the basis for the survey instrument: 1) beliefs about abortion and conscientious objection; 2) actions related to conscientious objection and abortion; and 3) self-identification as a conscientious objector.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The instrument is intended to be used to assess prevalence among clinicians trained to provide abortions, and to gain insight on how conscientious objection is practiced in a variety of settings. Its results can inform more effective and appropriate strategies to regulate conscientious objection.</p></div

Process of survey development.

<p>Process of survey development.</p

Domains of Conscientious Objection.

<p>The three principal domains are actions, beliefs, and self-identification.</p

Process of survey development.

<p>Process of survey development.</p