Emprunt lexical et approches néologiques

Nota de lectur

Neologisms by imitation and deformation or how to transcribe a complex idea from a short term.

En el presente estudio, continuaremos con nuestro análisis sobre los neologismos franceses y según la clasificación de Sablayrolles (2019). En nuestros trabajos anteriores, Abraham y Gil Casadomet (2021) y Gil Casadomet y Abraham (en prensa), ya hemos observado cómo funcionan las matrices externas o préstamos y las matrices internas o neologismos formados por construcción o composición de afijos, utilizando, entre otras, la plataforma de extracción de nuevas lexías Neoveille (Cartier et al., 2015). Es el momento de analizar las nuevas lexías creadas por imitación o deformación, matrices internas que no responden a una modificación en las reglas morfológicas del francés y, por lo tanto, no hacen predecibles los neologismos que se crean. Además, buscaremos sus definiciones, ejemplos en contexto y equivalentes en español con el fin de seguir dando forma al Dictionnaire françaisespagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Y, por último, nos centraremos en un caso concreto de nueva lexía creada como onomatopeya, bling-bling, que, por su amplio empleo y variedad polisémica, requiere de un análisis íntegro.In the present study, we will continue our analysis of French neologisms according to the classification of Sablayrolles (2019). In our previous works, Abraham and Gil Casadomet (2021) and Gil Casadomet and Abraham (in press), we have already observed how external matrices or loanwords and internal matrices or neologisms formed by construction or composition of affixes, using, among others, the Neoveille extraction platform for new lexies (Cartier et al., 2015). It is now time to analyse the new lexies created by imitation or deformation, internal matrices that respond to a modification of the morphological rules of French and, therefore, they do not make the neologisms that are created predictable. We will also look for their definitions, examples in context and equivalents in Spanish in order to continue shaping the Dictionnaire français-espagnol des néologismes inhérents aux médias. Finally, we will focus on a specific case of a new lexis created as an onomatopoeia, bling-bling, which, due to its wide use and polysemic variety, requires a complete analysis

À la rencontre de la néologie

Nota de lectur

Study of the cultural influence in footwear design

This study aims to analyze the influence of culture in footwear design through the six cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede. Initially, it was developed an experimental work involving the data search of the footwear industry of countries evaluated by Hofstede and statistical analysis of correlation with their cultural dimensions to identify some explanatory relationship. Posteriorly, the analysis of the relations between the aesthetic elements shoe design and the cultural model of Hofstede in order to check for explanatory relations between them. To evaluate the shoe design, it was conceived an evaluation tool of the shoe design that includes the parameters: shape, color, surface, style and material. Through the use of the evaluation tool, it was concluded that the cultural model of Hofstede is not completely explanatory, although there are some relations with the aesthetic aspects shoe design of the selected countries.Este trabalho é financiado por Fundos FEDER através do Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – COMPETE e por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia no âmbito do projeto UID/CTM/00264.”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genomic and Phenotypic Agreement Defines the Use of Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy for Recording Muscle Lipid Content in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Recording the fillet lipid percentage in European seabass is crucial to control lipid deposition as a means toward improving production efficiency and product quality. The reference method for recording lipid content is solvent lipid extraction and is the most accurate and precise method available. However, it is costly, requires sacrificing the fish and grinding the fillet sample which limits the scope of applications, for example grading of fillets, recording live fish or selective breeding of fish with own phenotypes are all limited. We tested a rapid, cost effective and non-destructive handheld microwave dielectric spectrometer (namely the Distell fat meter) against the reference method by recording both methods on 313 European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The total method agreement between the dielectric spectrometer and the reference method was assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), which was low to moderate CCC = 0.36-0.63. We detected a significant underestimation in accuracy of lipid percentage 22-26% by the dielectric spectrometer and increased imprecision resulting in the coefficient of variation (CV) doubling for dielectric spectrometer CV = 40.7-46% as compared to the reference method 27-31%. Substantial genetic variation for fillet lipid percentage was found for both the reference method (h 2 = 0.59) and dielectric spectroscopy (h 2 = 0.38-0.58), demonstrating that selective breeding is a promising method for controlling fillet lipid content. Importantly, the genetic correlation (rg) between the dielectric spectrometer and the reference method was positive and close to unity (rg = 0.96), demonstrating the dielectric spectrometer captures practically all the genetic variation in the reference method. These findings form the basis of defining the scope of applications and experimental design for using dielectric spectroscopy for recording fillet lipid content in European seabass and validate its use for selective breedin

Enhancement of Exciton Emission from Zno Nanocrystalline Films by Pulsed Laser Annealing

Pulsed ArF laser annealing in air and in hydrogen atmosphere improves the optical properties of ZnO nanostructured films. Independently on the ambient atmosphere, laser annealing produces two major effects on the photoluminescence (PL) spectra: first, the efficiency of the exciton PL increases due to decrease of the number of non-radiative recombination centers; second, the intensity of the defect-related orange band decreases because of the removing of excessive oxygen trapped into the films during deposition. However, annealing in the ambient air also increases the intensity of the green band related to oxygen vacancies. We show that the combination of laser annealing and passivation of oxygen vacancies by hydrogen results in films free of defect-related emission and keeps intact their nanostructural character

Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A is a nuclear factor that modulates transcription and chromatin structure

A loss-of-function mutation in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) is a recently identified cause of human intestinal and immune disorders. However, clues to related underlying molecular dysfunctions remain elusive. It is now shown based on the study of TTC7A-deficient and wild-type cells that TTC7A is an essential nuclear protein. It binds to chromatin, preferentially at actively transcribed regions. Its depletion results in broad range of epigenomic changes at proximal and distal transcriptional regulatory elements and in altered control of the transcriptional program. Loss of WT_TTC7A induces general decrease in chromatin compaction, unbalanced cellular distribution of histones, higher nucleosome accessibility to nuclease digestion along with genome instability, and reduced cell viability. Our observations characterize for the first time unreported functions for TTC7A in the nucleus that exert a critical role in chromatin organization and gene regulation to safeguard healthy immune and intestinal status.</p

Derrière l’utopie du jardin collectif, la complexité d’un projet social, technique et politique

Alors que le jardin collectif, partagé ou familial, peut être perçu comme un aménagement à moindre coût, comme une démarche spontanée de réappro­priation de l’espace par des citoyens ou encore comme un objet politique naïf, cet article montre qu’il s’agit d’un projet, processus social et technique plus complexe qui cristallise divers enjeux politiques, techniques et sociaux. L’analyse des dyna­miques d’acteurs impliqués dans la création de jardins collectifs révèle des requalifications successives du projet, dans le compromis sur la matérialité, les fonctions du jardin et les usages de l’espace entre collectivités, partenaires locaux associatifs, habitants-futurs jardiniers, bailleurs et aménageurs. Le jardin collectif se présente ainsi comme un objet urbain complexe qui mobilise le recours à une expertise de la médiation sociale et paysagère, et comme un objet politique fort pour les acteurs publics et associatifs impliqués. À la lumière de cette mise en politique et de cette professionnalisation des acteurs médiateurs, nous pointons les risques d’une normalisation des modèles de jardins collectifs pouvant aller à l’encontre des aspirations sociales des habitants.While community and allotment gardens can be handled as low cost settlements, as a spontaneous movement of citizens who re-appropriate urban spaces, or as a naïve political object, this paper shows that projects of collective gardens actually refer to a complex process crystallizing various political, technical and social issues. Through the analysis of interactions among stakeholders involved in creation of collective gardens, we show successive redefinitions of the project, based on compromises on materiality, functions and uses of the place between public and community actors, inhabitants, and landlords. Collective garden thus appear as complex urban objects which require an increasing role of professional and experts in social mediation and landscape design, and as highly politicized objects for public and community actors involved. Highlighting this politicization and professionalization, we point out risks of standardization of collective gardens models, which could go against social aspirations

Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. With the exception of SCN5A, encoding the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, susceptibility genes remain largely unknown. Here we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 2,820 unrelated cases with BrS and 10,001 controls, and identified 21 association signals at 12 loci (10 new). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability estimates indicate a strong polygenic influence. Polygenic risk score analyses based on the 21 susceptibility variants demonstrate varying cumulative contribution of common risk alleles among different patient subgroups, as well as genetic associations with cardiac electrical traits and disorders in the general population. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci indicates that transcriptional regulation is a key feature of BrS pathogenesis. Furthermore, functional studies conducted on MAPRE2, encoding the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2, point to microtubule-related trafficking effects on NaV1.5 expression as a new underlying molecular mechanism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture of BrS and provide new insights into its molecular underpinnings