Estado del arte de la incidencia de los polímeros en el diseño de mezcla del concreto. Estudio a nivel mundial

Trabajo de InvestigaciónSe indagó, recopiló y analizó información a nivel mundial sobre la incidencia que tienen los polímeros al ser aplicados en la mezcla del concreto. La documentación encontrada de estudios realizados en la incidencia de polímeros en el concreto arroja diversos puntos de vista, los cuales genera preguntas para sus aplicaciones, reafirmando así la calidad del concreto y un gran avance adicionando polímeros a la mezcla. Las investigaciones consultadas realizaron ensayos para encontrar la mejor y más adecuada manera de perfeccionar las propiedades mecánicas y características del concreto para así aumentar la resistencia a compresión y tensión, mejorar la consistencia, homogeneidad, dureza, colocación, manejabilidad, durabilidad, humedad, etc. Estas diversas propiedades generan análisis escalonados, y surge a estos interrogantes, la aplicación de los polímeros tanto naturales como sintéticos de una manera constante a una mezcla de concreto. Los polímeros se han trabajado, estudiado y ensayado, por eso este documento muestra algunos avances en las investigaciones a nivel mundial, sobre el uso de polímeros en el concreto.PregradoIngeniero Civi

Changes in the juvenile fish assemblage of a Mediterranean shallow Posidonia oceanica seagrass nursery area after half a century

The within-year dynamics of the juvenile fish community in a shallow seagrass-dominated nursery habitat (Posidonia oceanica) in a Mediterranean bay were compared between two surveys separated by 50 years (1960 and 2012-2013). A nocturnal survey over depths ranging from 2 to 10 m over patchy seagrass meadows was conducted for one year (2012-2013) through 72 epibenthic tows spread fortnightly in 4 nearby stations, mimicking a survey conducted in 1960 in terms of sampling intensity, sampling zone, temporal coverage and sampling gear. Although a large proportion of the fish species were similar among surveys, remarkable and statistically significant differences were detected. A striking feature was that one of the most common and abundant Sparidae species currently, Diplodus annularis, did not appear in 1960. Other strong differences included the nonappearance of the European eel Anguilla anguilla in the recent survey. Furthermore, one of the most valuable species for artisanal fisheries in the area, the black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus, was almost 10 times less abundant in 1960. A finer-scale study of the 2012-2013 survey allowed a quantitative analysis between species composition and potential environmental drivers through redundancy analysis that well described the current pattern of time-dependent recruitment pulses in nearshore meadows of the area throughout the year, with marked effects of surface temperature and photoperiod. The comparison between surveys suggests that some major differences between surveys are not likely to be attributable to interannual stochasticity in recruitment or environmental variability but may be related to i) unaccounted-for habitat transformation and/or ii) the strong decrease in juvenile fishing mortality in this shallow nursery area since the enforcement of bans on littoral epibenthic trawling activities characteristic of this area

Indigenous cultures and the nation: denial or appreciation? The Indian image built by the mexican post-revolutionary indigenism in the first half of the twentieth century

Este artigo analisa o processo de consolidação da política indigenista no México pós-revolucionário, na primeira metade do século XX. Além de destacarmos a atuação e o pensamento de Manuel Gamio que teve um papel fundamental neste processo, demonstramos que a política indigenista mexicana, uma política direcionada aos indígenas mas dirigida por não índios, em seus primeiros momentos assumiu uma postura assimilacionista e de incorporação que foi contestada nos anos de 1920 e 1930. Neste período, surgiram vozes dissonantes que destacaram a positividade do elemento indígena para a formação da nação mexicana. O Partido Comunista Mexicano, por exemplo, defendeu nos anos de 1930 a teoria das nacionalidades oprimidas e a defesa da autonomia dos povos indígenas. O indigenismo governamental conseguiu, a partir do final do governo de Lázaro Cárdenas, minimizar a força destas vozes dissonantes e liderar uma postura integracionista que se tornou hegemônica a partir dos anos 40 com a consolidação da estrutura governamental indigenista.This article examines the process of consolidation of indigenism politics in post-revolutionary Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century. Besides the work and thought of Manuel Gamio who had an important role in this process, we demonstrate that the Mexican indigenism politics, directed to the Indians but not run by the Indians, in his first moments assumed an assimilationist attitude of incorporation that was challenged in 1920’s and 1930’s. During this period, there were dissenting voices that highlighted the positive indigenous elements to the formation of the Mexican nation. The Mexican Communist Party, for example, argued in the 1930s the theory of oppressed nationalities and the defense of the autonomy of indigenous peoples. Governmental Indigenism, at the end and after the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, minimize the strength of these dissenting voices and lead an integrationist approach that became hegemonic since the 1940’s with the consolidation of the indigenist governmental institutions

Exploiting hybrid parallelism in the kinematic analysis of multibody systems based on group equations

Computational kinematics is a fundamental tool for the design, simulation, control, optimization and dynamic analysis of multibody systems. The analysis of complex multibody systems and the need for real time solutions requires the development of kinematic and dynamic formulations that reduces computational cost, the selection and efficient use of the most appropriated solvers and the exploiting of all the computer resources using parallel computing techniques. The topological approach based on group equations and natural coordinates reduces the computation time in comparison with well-known global formulations and enables the use of parallelism techniques which can be applied at different levels: simultaneous solution of equations, use of multithreading routines, or a combination of both. This paper studies and compares these topological formulation and parallel techniques to ascertain which combination performs better in two applications. The first application uses dedicated systems for the real time control of small multibody systems, defined by a few number of equations and small linear systems, so shared-memory parallelism in combination with linear algebra routines is analyzed in a small multicore and in Raspberry Pi. The control of a Stewart platform is used as a case study. The second application studies large multibody systems in which the kinematic analysis must be performed several times during the design of multibody systems. A simulator which allows us to control the formulation, the solver, the parallel techniques and size of the problem has been developed and tested in more powerful computational systems with larger multicores and GPU.This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO, as well as European Commission FEDER funds, under grant TIN2015-66972-C5-3-

Reflecting on eclecticism in garden heritage: the Monforte Gardens in Valencia as a case study

Los distintos estilos históricos se analizaron y recuperaron por el revisionismo historicista y el revivalismo durante el siglo XIX. La falta de un estilo propio característico en la época condujo al eclecticismo, una tendencia que consistía en fusionar diversos repertorios ornamentales. En consecuencia, el diseño ecléctico de jardines empleó estilos históricos de diversos orígenes. A medida que las ciudades crecían, los jardines suburbanos se iban integrando en la nueva trama urbana. Los Jardines de Monforte en Valencia representan un caso de estudio relevante y característico de las grandes transformaciones del diseño y desarrollo de jardines del siglo XIX. Lo más significativo son los recursos y estrategias de diseño introducidos en el diseño original por Sebastián Monléon y, posteriormente, por Javier de Winthuysen, como demuestra esta investigación, que incluye un nuevo trazado exhaustivo del jardín. Los Jardines de Monforte representan un ejemplo de diseño ecléctico de jardinería urbana en el que las diferentes partes mantienen su independencia sin perder un concepto global unitario. Aunque tradicionalmente se han considerado jardines neoclásicos, esta investigación defiende que deben considerarse propiamente jardines románticos eclécticos.Precedent historic styles were analysed and recovered by historicist revisionism and revivalism during the nineteenth century. The lack of a style of its century lead to eclecticism, a trend that involved merging diverse ornamental repertories. Accordingly, eclectic garden design emp333loyed historic styles of different origins. As the cities grew, suburban gardens were integrated within the urban sprawl. The Monforte Gardens in Valencia represent a relevant case study characteristic of nineteenth century major garden design and development transformations. Most significant are the design resources and strategies introduced in the original design by Sebastián Monléon and, subsequently by Javier de Winthuysen as this research —including a thorough redrawing of the garden layout— gives evidence of. The Monforte Gardens represent an eclectic urban gardening design example in which the different parts maintain their independence without losing an overall unitary concept. Although traditionally considered neoclassical gardens, this research argues they should be properly considered as eclectic romantic gardens

Distribución, hábitat y población reproductora del gorrión alpino (Montifringilla Nivalis) en el Pirineo Central (Aragón-España)

With the implementation of the Ornithological Atlas of Aragon, only a first approximation of status, distribution, habitat and abundance of the breeding population of the White-winged Snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis) was generated in the Central Pyrenees (Aragón-Spain). In this article we have added, reviewed and updated information on the distribution, habitat and population of the White-winged Snowfinch in Aragón. In total 88 observations were made during the breeding season (May-August) between 1986-2015. The breeding sectors were located at an average of 2,446 ± 310 m.s.n.m. and 38.6% of records were made in areas with basic rocks. Numbers have increased in 43.4% of the distribution, compared to the data contained in the Atlas of Aragón 1998. The species is present in all the mountain ranges of the Aragonese Pyrenees, with the exception of Turbón and Acherito. Its presence is proven in an area of 76 km2, in which a total of 262 breeding pairs have been located. The potential occupation area is 658 km2, in which 1,823 pairs have been estimated, with an average density of 2.77 pp./ km2. With the information obtained from the species in Aragón (3.646 breeding individuals), the Alpine Sparrow should be the object of an update of its distribution and population in the Pyrenees (southern slope) and Spain.Con la ejecución del Atlas Ornitológico de Aragón tan solo se generó una primera aproximación de estatus, distribución, hábitat y abundancia de la población reproductora del gorrión alpino (Montifringilla nivalis) en el Pirineo Central (Aragón-España). En el presente artículo se ha revisado, actualizado y obtenido información sobre distribución, hábitat y población del gorrión alpino en Aragón. En total se obtienen 88 observaciones de la época de reproducción (mayo-agosto) entre 1986-2015. Los sectores de cría se sitúan a una media de 2.446 ± 310 m.s.n.m. El 38,6% de los registros se realizan en áreas con rocas básicas. Aumenta en un 43,4% la distribución, según la obtenida en el Atlas de Aragón 1998. Está presente en todos los macizos montañosos del Pirineo aragonés, a excepción de Turbón y Acherito, El área de ocupación con presencia comprobada es de 76 km2, en los que se localizaron un total de 262 parejas reproductoras y el área de ocupación potencial es de 658 km2, en la que se han estimado 1.823 parejas, con una densidad media de 2,77 pp./km2. Con la información obtenida de la especie en Aragón (3.646 individuos reproductores), el gorrión alpino debería ser objeto de una actualización de su distribución y población en los Pirineos (vertiente Sur) y España

Distribución y abundancia de la población reproductora de Treparriscos (Tichodroma muraria) en Aragón

With the completion of the Ornithological Atlas of Aragon only a first approximation of the distribution of the breeding population of Wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria) in Aragon was made. In this paper we update the information about its distribution and we made a first estimate of population size. Overall total 145 records were obtained during the breeding season (May-August) between the years 1982 to 2014 are obtained. Breeding areas were located at an average altitude of 2.409 ± 572 meters, and 62% records were made in areas with basic rocks. Nest building took place between May and early June, incubation between June and July, chicks rearing between June and late July and family groups were formed in August. The distribution encompasses 40 UTM 10x10 km (an increase of 133% on the distribution given in the Ornithological Atlas of Aragon) and 87 1x1 Km squares. It is present in all the Aragon Pyrenees mountain ranges, except for Culfreda and Acherito and Mesa de los Tres Reyes, where no records of presence were obtained. The area of occupancy with proven presence was 83 km2 and potential occupancy areas was 664.96 km2 and an area of maximum occupancy of 495.45 km2. We estimated population size on 705 breeding territories potential for the area, territories with a density of 0.13 territories/km2 and 525 territories for the area of maximum occupancy, with a density of 0.18 territories/km2 Taking into account existing information available on the species in Aragón (1,410 breeding individuals), the Wallcreeper should be included in the category of Least Concern according (IUCN criteria) and its population size should be updated in the Pyrenees (southern slope).Con la realización del Atlas Ornitológico de Aragón tan solo se efectuó una primera aproximación de la distribución de la población reproductora del treparriscos (Tichodroma muraria) en Aragón. En el presente artículo se ha actualizado la información sobre su distribución y se ha realizado una primera estima de su población. En total se obtuvieron 145 registros de la época de reproducción (mayo-agosto) entre los años 1982-2014. Los sectores de cría se sitúan a una media de 2.409 ± 572 m.s.n.m. El 62% de los registros se realizan en áreas con rocas básicas. La construcción del nido se realiza entre mayo y principios de junio, la incubación entre junio y julio, los pollos están en el nido entre junio y finales de julio y los grupos familiares se forman en agosto. La distribución ocupa un total de 40 cuadrículas UTM de 10x10 Km (un aumento del 133% sobre la distribución dada en el Atlas) y 87 cuadrículas 1x1 km. Está presente en todos los macizos montañosos del Pirineo aragonés, a excepción de Culfreda, Acherito y Mesa de los Tres Reyes, donde no se obtienen registros de su presencia. El área de ocupación con presencia comprobada es de 83 km2 y de ocupación potencial es de 664,96 km2 y un área de máxima ocupación de 495,45 km2. Se ha estimado una población de 705 territorios reproductores para el área potencial, con una densidad de territorios de 0,13 territorios/km2 y de 525 territorios para el área de máxima ocupación, con una densidad de 0,18 territorios/km2. Con la información disponible de la especie en Aragón (1.410 individuos reproductores), el treparriscos debería estar incluida en la categoría de Preocupación Menor (criterios UICN) y debería realizarse una actualización de su estima de población en Pirineos (vertiente Sur) y resto de España

PERCEPÇÕES ACERCA DO INVESTIMENTO SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar percepções de dirigentes de organizações sem fins lucrativos, da Região do Grande ABC Paulista, acerca do investimento social empresarial. Trata-se de um levantamento de cunho exploratório, realizado com 25 dirigentes. Para esses dirigentes, as empresas da região estão se envolvendo com projetos de responsabilidade social, motivadas pela oportunidade de divulgação da sua imagem e do fortalecimento da marca dos seus produtos e serviços. Por essa razão, tendem a realizar investimentos de responsabilidade social, preferencialmente em projetos que lhes deem visibilidade no mercado. Daí a necessidade do estabelecimento de alianças estratégicas entre as Organizações Sem Fins Lucrativos e as empresas