928 research outputs found
Structures and Vibrational Spectra of CH,OCH,CH,OH : The
Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G*//6-31G* levels have been carried out for the monomer
of 2-methoxyethanol (CH,OCH,CH,OH). The MP2/6-31G* results indicate that the two more stable conformers
(tGg’ and gGg‘) display intramolecular hydrogen bonds directed from the hydroxy H atom to one of the lone pairs
of the ether 0 atom, and that the tGg’ conformer is 6.3 kJ mol-’ more stable than the gGg’ conformer. As the
MP2/6-31G* and MP2/6-3lG*//6-31G* calculations do not yield results differing by more than a few tenths of a kJ
mol-‘, it is concluded that the structure-sensitive and the dynamic correlation corrections are far from being
additive. While the optimization of geometry for the correlated wavefunction generally leads to increase of bond
lengths and reduction of bond angles, on the whole the geometrical parameters undergo similar changes in
different conformers. Ab initio harmonic 6-31G* derived force fields were used to perform normal mode
analyses for the more stable conformers. The calculated v(CH) frequencies are found to correlate linearly with
some of the ab initio calculated CH bond lengths. An interpretation of the FTIR and Raman spectra for the liquid
phase consonant with the structural and vibrational ab initio results is presented. Two spectral features
observed both in Raman and in FTIR spectra and associated with v(0H) in monomeric species are ascribed to
conformers, in accord with the theoretical and experimental results. On the whole, both the structural and the
vibrational results presented point to a distinction between the hydrogen-bonded G-type conformers (tGg’ and
gGg‘) and the higher energy T-type conformers (tTg and tTt)
Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers of CH3OCH2CH2OH: Ab Initio Structures and Multivariate Analysis
Structures and vibrational frequencies of relevant hydrogen-bonded dimers of 2-methoxyethanol are obtained
at the 3-21G*//Ah41 level (the 3-21G* basis set included polarization functions deliberately added to second
period atoms) and the results analyzed by standard multivariate methods. Dimers built from the same pair
of isolated monomers belong to the same homologous series. The most stable dimer is obtained from the
most stable conformations of both monomers, has a 10-membered intermolecular ring with a boat-chairboat
conformation, and presents a zero dipole moment. In addition, the most stable dimers of the three
homologous series have 10-membered rings with relatively symmetric conformations and zero or very low
dipole moments. The energies of the monomers in these dimers-monomers with geometries frozen in the
dimer-are close to the isolated and relaxed monomers energies. Generally speaking, OH 0 and CH 0
hydrogen bonds are found to contribute appreciably for the stability of the dimers. In particular, for the
second most stable dimer, two of the three CH -0 hydrogen bonds are shorter than the intramolecular OH- 0
bond for the isolated monomer. Multivariate analysis of all the results shows that the 0. *H-0 angle is
highly correlated with the H-0 bond length and that the COC and OCC angles are also highly correlated for
both monomers, hence confirming that each monomer in a dimer keeps essentially the same conformation it
has in the isolated monomer. The first and second principal components include all the highly correlated
variables and account for 45% of the total variance. 3-D plots of the three most important principal components
confirm a strong structural resemblance both for 10-membered ring dimers of homomeric series, Le., formed
by the same monomers, and for the more stable dimers in each homologous series. In addition, among the heteromeric dimers with seven membered rings, the ones whose first conformation is G or G’ are less stable and located in a separate group
Entropic Gravity, Phase-Space Noncommutativity and the Equivalence Principle
We generalize E. Verlinde's entropic gravity reasoning to a phase-space
noncommutativity set-up. This allow us to impose a bound on the product of the
noncommutative parameters based on the Equivalence Principle. The key feature
of our analysis is an effective Planck's constant that naturally arises when
accounting for the noncommutative features of the phase-space.Comment: 12 pages. Version to appear at the Classical and Quantum Gravit
Acceptor binding energies in GaN and AlN
We employ effective mass theory for degenerate hole-bands to calculate the
acceptor binding energies for Be, Mg, Zn, Ca, C and Si substitutional acceptors
in GaN and AlN. The calculations are performed through the 66
Rashba-Sheka-Pikus and the Luttinger-Kohn matrix Hamiltonians for wurtzite (WZ)
and zincblende (ZB) crystal phases, respectively. An analytic representation
for the acceptor pseudopotential is used to introduce the specific nature of
the impurity atoms. The energy shift due to polaron effects is also considered
in this approach. The ionization energy estimates are in very good agreement
with those reported experimentally in WZ-GaN. The binding energies for ZB-GaN
acceptors are all predicted to be shallower than the corresponding impurities
in the WZ phase. The binding energy dependence upon the crystal field splitting
in WZ-GaN is analyzed. Ionization levels in AlN are found to have similar
`shallow' values to those in GaN, but with some important differences, which
depend on the band structure parameterizations, especially the value of crystal
field splitting used.Comment: REVTEX file - 1 figur
First-line eradication rates comparing two shortened non-bismuth quadruple regimens against Helicobacter pylori: an open-label, randomized, multicentre clinical trial
OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori eradication remains a challenge. Non-bismuth-based quadruple regimens (NBQR) have shown high eradication rates (ER) elsewhere that need to be locally confirmed. The objective of this study was to compare the first-line ER of a hybrid therapy (20 mg of omeprazole twice daily and 1 g of amoxicillin twice daily for 10 days, adding 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily and 500 mg of metronidazole every 8 h for the last 5 days; OA-OACM) with that of a 10 day concomitant regimen consisting of taking all four drugs twice daily every day (including 500 mg of metronidazole every 12 h; OACM). A 10 day arm with standard triple therapy (OAC; 20 mg of omeprazole/12 h, 1 g of amoxicillin/12 h and 500 mg of clarithromycin/12 h) was included. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred consecutive patients were randomized (1: 2: 2) into one of the three following regimens: (i) OAC (60); (ii) OA-OACM (120); and (iii) OACM (120). Eradication was generally confirmed by a [(13)C]urea breath test at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Adverse events and compliance were assessed. EudraCT: 2011-006258-99. RESULTS: ITT cure rates were: OAC, 70.0% (42/60) (95% CI: 58.3-81.7); OA-OACM, 90.8% (109/120) (95% CI: 85.6-96.0); and OACM, 90.0% (107/119) (95% CI: 84.6-95.4). PP rates were: OAC, 72.4% (42/58) (95% CI: 60.8-84.1); OA-OACM, 93.9% (108/115) (95% CI: 89.5-98.3); and OACM, 90.3% (102/113) (95% CI: 84.8-95.8). Both NBQR significantly improved ER compared with OAC (P < 0.01), but no differences were seen between them. Mean compliance was elevated [98.0% (SD = 9.8)] with no differences between groups. There were more adverse events in the quadruple arms (OACM, 65.8%; OA-OACM, 68.6%; OAC, 46.6%; P < 0.05), but no significant differences between groups in terms of severity were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid and concomitant regimens show good ER against H. pylori infection with an acceptable safety profile. They clearly displace OAC as first-line regimen in our area
Is the Multiverse Hypothesis capable of explaining the Fine Tuning of Nature Laws and Constants? The Case of Cellular Automata
The objective of this paper is analyzing to which extent the multiverse
hypothesis provides a real explanation of the peculiarities of the laws and
constants in our universe. First we argue in favor of the thesis that all
multiverses except Tegmark's > are too small to
explain the fine tuning, so that they merely shift the problem up one level.
But the > is surely too large. To prove this
assessment, we have performed a number of experiments with cellular automata of
complex behavior, which can be considered as universes in the mathematical
multiverse. The analogy between what happens in some automata (in particular
Conway's >) and the real world is very strong. But if the
results of our experiments can be extrapolated to our universe, we should
expect to inhabit -- in the context of the multiverse -- a world in which at
least some of the laws and constants of nature should show a certain time
dependence. Actually, the probability of our existence in a world such as ours
would be mathematically equal to zero. In consequence, the results presented in
this paper can be considered as an inkling that the hypothesis of the
multiverse, whatever its type, does not offer an adequate explanation for the
peculiarities of the physical laws in our world. A slightly reduced version of
this paper has been published in the Journal for General Philosophy of Science,
Springer, March 2013, DOI: 10.1007/s10838-013-9215-7.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables. Slightly reduced version published in
Journal for General Philosophy of Scienc
Artigos como avaliação discente em disciplinas de pós-graduação: instrumento educativo ou subsistema de linha de montagem?
Evolution of innovation policy in Emilia-Romagna and Valencia: Similar reality, similar results?
This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in:
“European Planning Studies"; Volume 22, Issue 11, 2014; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.831398[EN] This paper examines the evolution of regional innovation policy in Emilia-Romagna and
Valencia, two regions with similar economic features that implemented close innovation policies in
the 1970s and 1980s. We investigate whether their similarities have led to parallel targets, policy
tools and governance developments. We show that innovation policy in both regions suffered
from the effects of privatization, budget constraints and changes to manufacturing during the
1990s and we highlight the consequences. Although Emilia-Romagna experienced deeper changes
to its innovation policy, privatizations and/or the replacement of public funds promoted
commercial approaches and induced market failures in both regions. The worst effects of these
policies were the implementation of less-risky innovation projects, the shift towards extraregional
projects and markets, and the favouring of large firms.López Estornell, M.; Barberá Tomás, JD.; Garcia Reche, A.; Mas Verdú, F. (2013). Evolution of innovation policy in Emilia-Romagna and Valencia: Similar reality, similar results?. European Planning Studies. 22(11):2287-2304. doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.831398S22872304221
Analysis of the residual safety level in R/C slabs with severe joist corrosion
An analysis until the failure on a series of one-way slabs with severe corrosion at the lower reinforcement of the R/C joists is presented.
Different positions in the slab and number of damaged joists have been studied, obtaining the residual safety assessment in cases of slabs damaged by flexural failure mechanisms.
Since the boundary conditions have proved decisive for obtaining the behavior, the damaged slab has been evaluated as part of the entire building, as precisely as possible, taking into account the different phases of the construction process and deterioration in time, and the complex behavior of concrete, steel and masonry. The results of the proposed methodology are consistent with the pathology of the observed cases.
As a result of this study the authors propose practical recommendations to help in making decisions about the magnitude of the intervention, always necessary in this type of pathology.Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Gil Benso, E.; Mas Tomas, MDLA.; Cubel Arjona, FJ. (2014). Analysis of the residual safety level in R/C slabs with severe joist corrosion. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 1-14. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000608S11
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