524 research outputs found
Employment Leave: Foundation for Family Policy
Women and men in the workforce face difficult dilemmas during family crises. Can one be a responsible family member and a responsible employee when an elderly parent is ill, a spouse is disabled, a baby is born or adopted, a child is sick? Employment leave with insurance for wage replacement is a cornerstone of family policy proposed in a workable format in H. 2191 now before the Massachusetts legislature. It can be a model for other states and, someday, the nation
The Iowa Homemaker vol.39A, no.2
Three Tiers of Tradition, Mary Nell Caldwell, page 4
Home Ec Horoscope, Marilyn Bratten, page 6
So You Plan to Marry, Mrs. K. Gladys Clappison, page 7
My Beloved Daughter, page 8
To the Graduating Seniors, Dean Helen R. LeBaron, page 10
Reflections, Marcia Wilsie, page 10
Monogram Your Silver, page 11
Stitch a Bag to Send Abroad, page 12
Whatâs Going On, Jane Gibson, page 1
The Iowa Homemaker vol.39A, no.3
Halloween-Time for Fanciful Goodies, Rachel Davis, page 5
Checkerboard Summer, Jane Gibson, page 6
Imagination + Independence Encouraged By Honors Program, Carol Shellenbarger, page 8
Honoraries Stress Scholarship, Diane Houser, page 9
Have You Lost Your Marbles?, Carol Armstrong Wolf, page 10
Add a Jibber to Your Wardrobe, Marty Keeney, page 12
Dishpan Hands Soon Obsolete, Beth Beecher, page 13
Key to Personality â Your Walk, Suzanne Guernsey, page 14
How Do You Rate With Your Professor?, Mary Stoner, page 15
Whatâs Going On, page 1
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Probiotics, prebiotics, and the host microbiome: the science of translation
Recent advances in our understanding of the community structure and function of the human microbiome have implications for the potential role of probiotics and prebiotics in promoting human health. A group of experts recently met to review the latest advances in microbiota/microbiome research and discuss the implications for development of probiotics and prebiotics, primarily as they relate to effects mediated via the intestine. The goals of the meeting were to share recent advances in research on the microbiota, microbiome, probiotics, and prebiotics, and to discuss these findings in the contexts of regulatory barriers, evolving healthcare environments, and potential effects on a variety of health topics, including the development of obesity and diabetes; the long-term consequences of exposure to antibiotics early in life to the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota; lactose intolerance; and the relationship between the GI microbiota and the central nervous system, with implications for depression, cognition, satiety, and mental health for people living in developed and developing countries. This report provides an overview of these discussions
Health, education, and social care provision after diagnosis of childhood visual disability
Aim: To investigate the health, education, and social care provision for children newly diagnosed with visual disability.Method: This was a national prospective study, the British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2 (BCVIS2), ascertaining new diagnoses of visual impairment or severe visual impairment and blindness (SVIBL), or equivalent vi-sion. Data collection was performed by managing clinicians up to 1-year follow-up, and included health and developmental needs, and health, education, and social care provision.Results: BCVIS2 identified 784 children newly diagnosed with visual impairment/SVIBL (313 with visual impairment, 471 with SVIBL). Most children had associated systemic disorders (559 [71%], 167 [54%] with visual impairment, and 392 [84%] with SVIBL). Care from multidisciplinary teams was provided for 549 children (70%). Two-thirds (515) had not received an Education, Health, and Care Plan (EHCP). Fewer children with visual impairment had seen a specialist teacher (SVIBL 35%, visual impairment 28%, Ï2p < 0.001), or had an EHCP (11% vs 7%, Ï2p < 0 . 01).Interpretation: Families need additional support from managing clinicians to access recommended complex interventions such as the use of multidisciplinary teams and educational support. This need is pressing, as the population of children with visual impairment/SVIBL is expected to grow in size and complexity.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Effects of an eight-week supervised, structured lifestyle modification programme on anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in severely obese adults
Background: Lifestyle modification is fundamental to obesity treatment, but few studies have described the effects
of structured lifestyle programmes specifically in bariatric patients. We sought to describe changes in
anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in a cohort of bariatric patients after participation in a nurse-led,
structured lifestyle programme.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of adults with a body mass index (BMI) â„40 kgmâ2
(or â„35 kgmâ2 with significant co-morbidity) who were attending a regional bariatric service and who completed a single
centre, 8-week, nurse-led multidisciplinary lifestyle modification programme. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood
pressure, HbA1c, fasting glucose and lipid profiles as well as functional capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test) and
questionnaire-based anxiety and depression scores before and after the programme were compared in per-protocol
analyses.
Results: Of 183 bariatric patients enrolled, 150 (81.9 %) completed the programme. Mean age of completers was 47.9
± 11.2 years. 34.7 % were male. There were statistically significant reductions in weight (129.6 ± 25.9 v 126.9 ± 26.1 kg,
p < 0.001), BMI (46.3 ± 8.3 v 44.9 ± 9.0 kgmâ2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (133.0 ± 17.1 v 129.3 ± 17.5 cm in women
and 143.8 ± 19.0 v 135.1 ± 17.9 cm in men, both p < 0.001) as well as anxiety and depression scores, total- and
LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, with an increase in functional capacity (5.9 ± 1.7 v 6.8 ± 2.1 metabolic
equivalents of thermogenesis (METS), p < 0.001) in completers at the end of the programme compared to the start.
Blood pressure improved, with reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 135 ± 16.2 to 131.6 ± 17.1
(p = 0.009) and 84.7 ± 10.2 to 81.4 ± 10.9 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. The proportion of patients achieving target
blood pressure increased from 50.3 to 59.3 % (p = 0.04). The proportion of patients with diabetes achieving
HbA1c <53 mmol/mol increased from 28.6 to 42.9 %, p = 0.02.
(Continued on next page)Conclusions: Bariatric patients completing an 8 week, nurse-led structured lifestyle programme had improved
adiposity, fitness, lipid profiles, psychosocial health, blood pressure and glycaemia. Further assessment of this
programme in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial seems warranted.
Keywords: Bariatric, Structured lifestyle modification, Cardiovascular risk, CLANN (Changing Lifestyle with Activity and
Nutrition) Programme, Nurse-led, Diabete
Large-Scale Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis across 39 Studies Identifies Type 2 Diabetes Loci
To identify genetic factors contributing to type 2 diabetes (T2D), we performed large-scale meta-analyses by using a custom similar to 50,000 SNP genotyping array (the ITMAT-Broad-CARe array) with similar to 2000 candidate genes in 39 multiethnic population-based studies, case-control studies, and clinical trials totaling 17,418 cases and 70,298 controls. First, meta-analysis of 25 studies comprising 14,073 cases and 57,489 controls of European descent confirmed eight established T2D loci at genome-wide significance. In silico follow-up analysis of putative association signals found in independent genome-wide association studies (including 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls) performed by the DIAGRAM consortium identified a T2D locus at genome-wide significance (GATAD2A/CILP2/PBX4; p = 5.7 x 10(-9)) and two loci exceeding study-wide significance (SREBF1, and TH/INS; p <2.4 x 10(-6)). Second, meta-analyses of 1,986 cases and 7,695 controls from eight African-American studies identified study-wide-significant (p = 2.4 x 10(-7)) variants in HMGA2 and replicated variants in TCF7L2 (p = 5.1 x 10(-15)). Third, conditional analysis revealed multiple known and novel independent signals within five T2D-associated genes in samples of European ancestry and within HMGA2 in African-American samples. Fourth, a multiethnic meta-analysis of all 39 studies identified T2D-associated variants in BCL2 (p = 2.1 x 10(-8)). Finally, a composite genetic score of SNPs from new and established T2D signals was significantly associated with increased risk of diabetes in African-American, Hispanic, and Asian populations. In summary, large-scale meta-analysis involving a dense gene-centric approach has uncovered additional loci and variants that contribute to T2D risk and suggests substantial overlap of T2D association signals across multiple ethnic groups
Genetic determinants of the ankle-brachial index: A meta-analysis of a cardiovascular candidate gene 50K SNP panel in the candidate gene association resource (CARe) consortium
Candidate gene association studies for peripheral artery disease (PAD), including subclinical disease assessed with the ankle-brachial index (ABI), have been limited by the modest number of genes examined. We conducted a two stage meta-analysis of ~50,000 SNPs across ~2100 candidate genes to identify genetic variants for ABI
Identification of a BRCA2-Specific modifier locus at 6p24 related to breast cancer risk
Common genetic variants contribute to the observed variation in breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers; those known to date have all been found through population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To comprehensively identify breast cancer risk modifying loci for BRCA2 mutation carriers, we conducted a deep replication of an ongoing GWAS discovery study. Using the ranked P-values of the breast cancer associations with the imputed genotype of 1.4 M SNPs, 19,029 SNPs were selected and designed for inclusion on a custom Illumina array that included a total of 211,155 SNPs as part of a multi-consortial project. DNA samples from 3,881 breast cancer affected and 4,330 unaffected BRCA2 mutation carriers from 47 studies belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 were genotyped and available for analysis. We replicated previously reported breast cancer susceptibility alleles in these BRCA2 mutation carriers and for several regions (including FGFR2, MAP3K1, CDKN2A/B, and PTHLH) identified SNPs that have stronger evidence of association than those previously published. We also identified a novel susceptibility allele at 6p24 that was inversely associated with risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers (rs9348512; per allele HRâ=â0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90, Pâ=â3.9Ă10â8). This SNP was not associated with breast cancer risk either in the general population or in BRCA1 mutation carriers. The locus lies within a region containing TFAP2A, which encodes a transcriptional activation protein that interacts with several tumor suppressor genes. This report identifies the first breast cancer risk locus specific to a BRCA2 mutation background. This comprehensive update of novel and previously reported breast cancer susceptibility loci contributes to the establishment of a panel of SNPs that modify breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers. This panel may have clinical utility for women with BRCA2 mutations weighing options for medical prevention of breast cancer
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