On Protomerulius and Heterochaetella (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)

The taxonomy of Protomerulius and Heterochaetella is revised based on DNA data and morphological evidence, and their type species, P. brasiliensis and H. dubia, are proved to be congeneric. As a consequence, H. dubia and related species, of which four are described as new, are placed in Protomerulius. Heterochaete microspora is also combined in Protomerulius, and the genus concept is redefined to encompass effused species with smooth or spiny hymenophore and monomitic hyphal structure. Psilochaete multifora, gen. and spec. nov. is a distant relative of Protomerulius spp. found in Norway. Heterochaetella cystidiophora is re-collected in Brazil and placed in the synonyms of Heterochaete sanctae-catharinae. This species does not belong to the Protomerulius-Heterochaetella lineage, and it is transferred to Metulochaete, gen. nov.Peer reviewe

Fungal diversity notes 929–1035: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi

This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes, where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla, nine classes, 31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions. Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora, Brunneomurispora, Liua, Lonicericola, Neoeutypella, Paratrimmatostroma, Parazalerion, Proliferophorum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis, Septomelanconiella, Velebitea and Vicosamyces. Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius, A. langensis, Aleurodiscus patagonicus, Amanita flavoalba, A. subtropicana, Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Baorangia major, Bartalinia kunmingensis, Brunneofusispora sinensis, Brunneomurispora lonicerae, Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis, Clavulina thindii, Coniochaeta simbalensis, Conlarium thailandense, Coprinus trigonosporus, Liua muriformis, Cyphellophora filicis, Cytospora ulmicola, Dacrymyces invisibilis, Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Emericellopsis koreana, Galiicola baoshanensis, Hygrocybe lucida, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Hyweljonesia indica, Keissleriella caraganae, Lactarius olivaceopallidus, Lactifluus midnapurensis, Lembosia brigadeirensis, Leptosphaeria urticae, Lonicericola hyaloseptispora, Lophiotrema mucilaginosis, Marasmiellus bicoloripes, Marasmius indojasminodorus, Micropeltis phetchaburiensis, Mucor orantomantidis, Murilentithecium lonicerae, Neobambusicola brunnea, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Neosetophoma lonicerae, Ophiobolus malleolus, Parabambusicola thysanolaenae, Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis, Parazalerion indica, Penicillium dokdoense, Peroneutypa mangrovei, Phaeosphaeria cycadis, Phanerochaete australosanguinea, Plectosphaerella kunmingensis, Plenodomus artemisiae, P. lijiangensis, Proliferophorum thailandicum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana, Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus, Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae, Robillarda mangiferae, Roussoella elaeicola, Russula choptae, R. uttarakhandia, Septomelanconiella thailandica, Spencermartinsia acericola, Sphaerellopsis isthmospora, Thozetella lithocarpi, Trechispora echinospora, Tremellochaete atlantica, Trichoderma koreanum, T. pinicola, T. rugulosum, Velebitea chrysotexta, Vicosamyces venturisporus, Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica. Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata, Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola. The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated. The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto- and histochemical analyses. The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time. In addition, the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes, A. melleialba, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Chaetosphaeria panamensis, Coniella vitis, Coprinopsis kubickae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum var. calidus, Muyocopron lithocarpi, Neoroussoella solani, Periconia cortaderiae, Phragmocamarosporium hederae, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola

Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycotina) em áreas de Mata Atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro

De 88 coletas em 13 áreas de Mata Atlântica em Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe entre setembro/2000 e junho/2002, nove famílias, 65 gêneros e 134 espécies de Aphyllophorales foram identificados. Seis espécies são novas para a ciência, 17 novos registros para o Brasil e 43 para o Nordeste. Espécies coletadas em Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe representam novas ocorrências para esses estados. Polyporaceae e Schizophyllaceae apresentaram, respectivamente, maior e menor número de espécies e gêneros. Ganodermataceae e Hydnaceae não foram encontradas no Rio Grande do Norte e em Sergipe, respectivamente. As demais famílias estiveram presentes em todos os estados pesquisados. Nenhuma espécie ocorreu em todas as áreas de estudo, mas cinco ocorreram em 12 das 13 localidades e 14 estiveram presentes em todos os estados. Pernambuco apresentou maior diversidade específica (88) e maior número de espécies exclusivas (18), enquanto a RPPN Fazenda São Pedro (AL) foi a área com maior diversidade específica (57) e maior número de espécies exclusivas (14). Aphyllophorales foram coletados com maior freqüência em novembro/2001, janeiro e março/2002; mostraram tendência aos basidiomas se encontrarem muito agregados; preferência por ambientes com exposição intermediária à luz e por substratos degradados a muito degradados. As espécies tenderam a ocupar substratos mais degradados em ambiente menos expostos à luz. O número de espécies coletadas e a similaridade entre as áreas foram afetados positivamente pelo grau de conservação. A similaridade também foi afetada positivamente pela extensão das trilhas e negativamente pela distância entre as área

Novos registros de Aphyllophorales para o Brasil

De coletas efetuadas em três remanescentes de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco, no período de outubro/1997 a setembro/1998, foram identificadas, entre outras espécies de Aphyllophorales, duas espécies que estão sendo referidas pela primeira vez para o Brasil: Phellinus aureobruneus Wright & Blumenfeld e Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.: Fr) Ryv. Descrições macro e microscópicas, distribuição geográfica, discussão e ilustrações das espécies são fornecidas

Phellinus fibrosus Ryvarden, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni 2012, sp. nov.

Phellinus fibrosus Ryvarden, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A–F) MycoBank no.: MB 564296 This species differs from other Phellinus species by its abundant tramal setae with a long hyphal-like base, a distinctly swollen middle part and a tapering long acute apex, and by fibrous consistency of tubes and context. Type (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Campus do INPA, on angiosperm tree, April 1978, leg. M.A. Sousa & L.F. Coelho 396 (holotype: INPA 84261, isotype: O and URM 83725). Etymology: —"Fibrosus" (Lat.) refers to the loose and fibrous tubes. Basidiomata perennial, reflexed resupinate with a narrow pileus in upper edge of one of the basidiomata, up to 8 cm long and 1 cm thick in the resupinate part; pileus glabrous, dull, sulcate, fulvous (12) to snuff brown (17) at the margin and becoming darker at the older parts and ultimately black and slightly indurated in the oldest part, hard and fragile as dry; pore surface umber (18) to snuff brown (17) slightly cracked in the resupinate part; pores round to angular, 7−10 per mm, invisible to the naked eye; dissepments distinctly thin; margin rounded and smooth; tubes concolorous with pore surface, indistinct by the naked eye, about 1 cm thick at resupinate part, fibrous and easily disintegrated, up to 5 mm deep and further losing its distinct structure boundary of context; context and upper part of tubes fibrous, fulvous (12) to snuff brown (17) with a black zone up to 1 mm wide between the context and the substrate. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae thin walled, hyaline, simple-septate, 2−4 µm wide and difficult to find in the type specimen; skeletal hyphae yeollowish to rusty brown in KOH, thick-walled with a very narrow lumen, 3−5 µm wide; tramal setae abundant, acute with a distinct swollen middle part, tapering to a long narrow hyphal "tail" down to the simple septum from which they arised, 8−15 µm in the widened middle part, up to 90 µm in length; hymenial setae 12−24 × 5−10 µm, dark brown, thick-walled, acute ventricose, less common than tramal setae; basidia not seen in the type specimen; basidiospores subglobose to ellipsoid, pale yellow in 3% KOH, smooth, slightly thick-walled, negative in Melzer's reagent, 4−5 × 3−3.5 µm. Habitat: —Found on angiosperm tree. Distribution: — Phellinus fibrosus is only known from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Remarks: —This is an unique species in which the abundant tramal setae have a long hypha like base, a distinctly swollen middle part and ending with a tapering long acute apex. This together with the presence of small hymenial setae and the fibrous consistency of tubes and context make it very distinct. By using the key in Fidalgo (1968), Larsen & Cobb-Poulle (1990) and Ryvarden (2004) there is no species with the combination of characters as outlined above. Phellinus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat. is similar, but differs by firm to woody hard basidiomata, larger setal hyphae (850–900 × 8–35 µm), smooth hymenial setae that are straight or curved at the base and globose to ellipsoid basidiospores, 4.5−6 × 4−5.5 µm (Fidalgo 1968, Ryvarden & Johansen 1980).Published as part of Gomes-Silva, Allyne Christina, Ryvarden, Leif & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2012, Two new species of Phellinus s. l. from the Brazilian Amazonia, pp. 55-60 in Phytotaxa 67 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.67.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/506598

Phellinus sousae Ryvarden, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni 2012, sp. nov.

Phellinus sousae Ryvarden, Gomes-Silva & Gibertoni sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–F) MycoBank no.: MB 564297 This species differs from other Phellinus species by numerous setal hyphae, being mostly smooth, but also with scattered protuberances. Type (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Aripuanã, Estrada do Rio Branco, on angiosperm tree, April 1978, leg. M.A. Sousa 451 (holotype: INPA 85175, isotype: O and URM 83858). Etymology: —Called after the eager collector M. A. Sousa who left fine selected collections of Phellinus and Inonotus spp. at INPA herbarium in Manaus. Basidiomata perennial, resupinate, pulvinate with distinct raised margins, in the type up to 10 × 10 cm and 1 cm thick, woody hard upon drying; pores surface dark umber (18) to cigar brown (16), smooth; pores round and regular, 7−8 per mm invisible to the naked eye; margin rounded, smooth and almost vertical, in a few places, zonate and sulcate reminding as if a nodulose pileus is under development; in section with a black zone, up to 1 mm wide between the context and the substrate; tubes concolorous with pores surface, up to 9 mm deep indistinctly stratified; context almost invisible, dark rusty brown, in a few places up to 1 mm thick. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae simple-septate, thin-walled, hyaline, 2−3 µm in diam, skeletal hyphae yellowish brown in KOH, thick-walled, 2.5−4 µm in diam; setal hyphae abundant in trama, smooth to slightly tuberculate, thick-walled and dark brown, 4–6 µm wide, up to 85 µm long; hymenial setae absent; basidia 10−13 × 6−8 µm, clavate, 4-sterigmate, simple-septate at the base; basidiospores, globose, pale yellow to golden yellow in 3% KOH, smooth, thick walled and without reaction in Melzer's reagent, 4.5−5 µm in diam. Habitat: —Found on unknown angiosperm wood. Distribution: — Phellinus sousae is know from the state of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, Brazil. Remarks:—The prominent and unique character of this new species is the numerous setal hyphae, being mostly smooth, but also with scattered protuberances. We interpret them as setal hyphae more than tramal setae since they are of even width and with a rounded apex, while usually tramal setae are considerably wider and with an acute apex (Ryvarden 2004). The only other Phellinus species with spiny to tuberculate setae or setal hyphae is P. spinescens J. E. Wright & G. Coelho (for a description, see Coelho & Wright 1996, Ryvarden 2004). However, in this species the setae arise in the hymenium, besides that its basidiospores are dextrinoid. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Rondônia: Porto Velho, Estação Ecológica de Cuniã, August 2010, leg. A.C. Gomes-Silva s.n. (URM 83423); February 2011, leg. A.C. Gomes-Silva s.n. (URM 83422).Published as part of Gomes-Silva, Allyne Christina, Ryvarden, Leif & Gibertoni, Tatiana Baptista, 2012, Two new species of Phellinus s. l. from the Brazilian Amazonia, pp. 55-60 in Phytotaxa 67 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.67.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/506598

Delimitación de algunos Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) lacados neotropicales: filogenia molecular y morfología

taxonomists judge the current nomenclatural situation as chaotic and poorly studied in the neotropics. From this perspective, phylogenetic analyses inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences have aided the clarification of the genus status. In this study, 14 specimens of Ganoderma and two of Tomophagus collected in Brazil were used for DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of the ITS and LSU regions (rDNA). The phylogenetic delimitation of six neotropical taxa (G. chalceum, G. multiplicatum, G. orbiforme, G. parvulum, G. aff. oerstedtii and Tomophagus colossus) was determined based on these Brazilian specimens and found to be distinct from the laccate Ganoderma from Asia, Europe, North America and from some specimens from Argentina. Phylogenetic reconstructions confirmed that the laccate Ganoderma is distinct from Tomophagus, although they belong to the same group. The use of taxonomic synonyms Ganoderma subamboinense for G. multiplicatum, G. boninense for G. orbiforme and G. chalceum for G. cupreum was not confirmed. However, Ganoderma parvulum was confirmed as the correct name for specimens called G. stipitatum. Furthermore, the name G. lucidum should be used only for European species. The use of valid published names is proposed according to the specimen geographical distribution, their morphological characteristics and rDNA analysis.Ganoderma incluye especies de gran importancia económica y ecológica, sin embargo, su nomenclatura actual es caótica y poco estudiada en el neotrópico. En este estudio se utilizaron 14 muestras de Ganoderma y dos de Tomophagus recolectados en Brasil para la extracción de ADN, amplificación y secuenciación de las regiones ITS y LSU. La delimitación filogenética de seis táxones neotropicales fue discutida con base en especímenes brasileños y secuencias del GenBank. Estas especies mostraron ser distintas de los Ganoderma lacados de Asia, Europa, América del Norte y de algunos ejemplares de Argentina. Las reconstrucciones filogenéticas confirman que los Ganoderma lacados son distintos de Tomophagus, aunque pertenecen al mismo grupo. No se confirman los sinónimos de G. subamboinense a G. multiplicatum, de G. boninense a G. orbiforme y G. chalceum a G. cupreum. G. parvulum se confirma como el nombre correcto para G. stipitatum. G. lucidum sólo se debe utilizar para especies europeas. Por lo tanto, se propone el uso de nombres publicados válidamente de acuerdo con la distribución geográfica de las muestras, características morfológicas y análisis de ADNr.