Actualización estadística de siniestralidad marítima entre 2011 y 2015.

Los datos estadísticos de siniestralidad marítima que se manejan, se agrupan en revisiones de sucesos de cada país en particular o estadísticas de instituciones como la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) o la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Marítima (AESM o EMSA en inglés), que agrupan datos de varias naciones. Sin embargo, si nos fijamos en España, se echa en falta un análisis comparativo de los accidentes que se producen en nuestro país en relación con los de nuestro entorno, es decir con los de los países de la Unión Europea. En este trabajo se exponen las estadísticas actualizadas de accidentes e incidentes marítimos que se ofrecen en las revisiones anuales de la EMSA, así como los que muestra la Comisión Permanente para la Investigación de Accidentes e Incidentes Marítimos (CIAIM), estableciendo, cuando es posible, un análisis comparativo entre las mismas

Causes of genome instability: the effect of low dose chemical exposures in modern society.

Genome instability is a prerequisite for the development of cancer. It occurs when genome maintenance systems fail to safeguard the genome's integrity, whether as a consequence of inherited defects or induced via exposure to environmental agents (chemicals, biological agents and radiation). Thus, genome instability can be defined as an enhanced tendency for the genome to acquire mutations; ranging from changes to the nucleotide sequence to chromosomal gain, rearrangements or loss. This review raises the hypothesis that in addition to known human carcinogens, exposure to low dose of other chemicals present in our modern society could contribute to carcinogenesis by indirectly affecting genome stability. The selected chemicals with their mechanisms of action proposed to indirectly contribute to genome instability are: heavy metals (DNA repair, epigenetic modification, DNA damage signaling, telomere length), acrylamide (DNA repair, chromosome segregation), bisphenol A (epigenetic modification, DNA damage signaling, mitochondrial function, chromosome segregation), benomyl (chromosome segregation), quinones (epigenetic modification) and nano-sized particles (epigenetic pathways, mitochondrial function, chromosome segregation, telomere length). The purpose of this review is to describe the crucial aspects of genome instability, to outline the ways in which environmental chemicals can affect this cancer hallmark and to identify candidate chemicals for further study. The overall aim is to make scientists aware of the increasing need to unravel the underlying mechanisms via which chemicals at low doses can induce genome instability and thus promote carcinogenesis

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Possible role of brown adipose tissue as a mediator during cyclosporine-A treatment

Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor used successfully to control rejection in organ transplantation. According to the most recent evidence, this drug modifies the lipid metabolism of the patient, provoking a rise in the blood lipids, constituting an important risk factor for acceleration of the atherogenic process. Taking into account that brown adipose tissue (BAT) constitutes the major storage site for cholesterol and triglycerides in the rat, and given the apparent lack of references about the implications of CsA on this tissue in the literature, we proposed to study the possible morphological changes occurring in BAT following the administration of this drug. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were set up, the control group and a treated group in which each animal received subcutaneous injection of 5 mglkg body weightlday of CsA. After 4, l l , 25 and 34 days of treatment, subgroups of animals were sacrificed and the brown adipose tissue removed was apportioned for subsequent microscopic assessment. The greatest degree of atypia and activity in the BAT was observed after administration of 11 doses of the drug, at which point there was a marked reduction in the cell size with loss of lipidic coalescence. With subsequent doses, the tissue slowly initiated a process of recovery. CsA also induced morphological changes in the BAT that. in the early stages of the study, appeared to be correlated with a lipolytic response of the tissue to the drug; thus, the BAT may be acting as a system to eliminate the excess of lipids in the blood provoked by CsA administration, while toward the end of treatment, there was a certain stability between the drug and the activity of the brown adipose tissue, and a tendency to reach a balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis

Intimal thickening in arterial autografts. Role of the adventitial layer

In the present work, the repairing response of the iliac arterial wall is studied after carrying out autografts in segments of these vessels. The formation of the intimal hyperplasia, which occurred in al1 the cases, was followed at the biochemical leve1 (tritium thymidine incorporation) and with light and electron microscopy. The adventitial layer showed great activity during the repairing process. We believe that it plays an important role not only in neoadventitial formation, but also in myointimal raising

Lack of intimal hyperplasia response in an experimental model of non-endothelial vascular wall damage

The endothelial and media1 layers are generally presumed to play an important role in the appearance and development of intimal hyperplasia. We have carried out a short-, media- and long-term study of the morphological changes taking place in the comrnon iliac artery of rats after surgical removal of the adventitial layer. Our aim has been to assess the likely role played by this layer in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Our results show recurrent periods of cellular desquamation and almost complete absence of hyperplastic response during the first two months. After three months three is a slow process of endothelialization which is completed by the 6th month and persists one year after adventitial resection. Thus, adventitial resection seems to cause instability at the subendothelial bed level, not allowing the junction and embedding of endothelial cells nor the development of intimal hyperplasia. This lack of hyperplasia might also result from the fact that the endothelial desquamation process does not involve cellular rupture, which would prevent mitogenic-factor release. After morphological repair of the endothelium, a slow morphofunctional recovery of the artery takes plac

Terapia con animales de compañía

Trabaja con animales de compañía para investigar nuevas formas de relación y conductas prosociales con alumnado de necesidades educativas especiales graves o permanentes. Los objetivos son: captar la atención del alumnado, provocar y favorecer las manifestaciones afectivas, modificar conductas inadaptadas, favorecer la comunicación y deshinibir conductas que le impiden desarrollar una actividad motora. La metodología se basa en una programación individual de cada alumno y la observación de su comportamiento en sesiones con y sin animal. Se evalúa el grado de consecución de los objetivos por medio de la observación directa con hojas de registro y grabaciones de vídeo.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación y CulturaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

El teatro como juego y medio de expresión en la escuela

El proyecto surge al comprobar las posibilidades de expresión y comunicación de las actividades teatrales realizadas el año anterior en el Aula de Naturaleza. Los objetivos son desarrollar la expresión y comunicación; potenciar la creatividad; y compartir el trabajo realizando representaciones en distintos centros escolares de Getafe. Se divide el trabajo en juegos preparativos, la obra y el montaje. Mediante el juego se trabaja la psicomotricidad, la expresión lingüística, corporal, plástica y rítmico-musical. Después se estudian los personajes, el argumento, el espacio y el tiempo de las cinco obras seleccionadas y se empieza a ensayar. A la vez en los talleres de audiovisuales, de música, y de cosido y de telas, se diseña el escenario, los decorados, los trajes y demás aspectos técnicos. Se realizan dos obras por trimestre y se representan en distintos teatros de Getafe. Se evalúan las habilidades adquiridas, la motivación, la aportación creativa, la capacidad razonadora, la espontaneidad y la disciplina en el escenario. Cabe destacar que los alumnos con problemas de conducta se han integrado en el grupo.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES