Deep Lake: a Lakehouse for Deep Learning

Traditional data lakes provide critical data infrastructure for analytical workloads by enabling time travel, running SQL queries, ingesting data with ACID transactions, and visualizing petabyte-scale datasets on cloud storage. They allow organizations to break down data silos, unlock data-driven decision-making, improve operational efficiency, and reduce costs. However, as deep learning takes over common analytical workflows, traditional data lakes become less useful for applications such as natural language processing (NLP), audio processing, computer vision, and applications involving non-tabular datasets. This paper presents Deep Lake, an open-source lakehouse for deep learning applications developed at Activeloop. Deep Lake maintains the benefits of a vanilla data lake with one key difference: it stores complex data, such as images, videos, annotations, as well as tabular data, in the form of tensors and rapidly streams the data over the network to (a) Tensor Query Language, (b) in-browser visualization engine, or (c) deep learning frameworks without sacrificing GPU utilization. Datasets stored in Deep Lake can be accessed from PyTorch, TensorFlow, JAX, and integrate with numerous MLOps tools

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Platelet P2Y(12) Receptor Antagonist Effects in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes : Insights From the PLATO Trial

Background-There are limited data on how the combination of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects cardiovascular outcomes as well as response to different P2Y(12) receptor antagonists, which represented the aim of the present investigation. Methods and Results-In this post hoc analysis of the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial, which randomized acute coronary syndrome patients to ticagrelor versus clopidogrel, patients (n=15 108) with available DM and CKD status were classified into 4 groups: DM+/CKD+ (n=1058), DM+/CKD- (n=2748), DM-/CKD+ (n=2160), and DM-/CKD- (n=9142). The primary efficacy end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 12 months. The primary safety end point was PLATO major bleeding. DM+/CKD+ patients had a higher incidence of the primary end point compared with DM-/CKD- patients (23.3% versus 7.1%; adjusted hazard ratio 2.22; 95% CI 1.88-2.63; P Conclusions-In acute coronary syndrome patients, a gradient of risk was observed according to the presence or absence of DM and CKD, with patients having both risk factors at the highest risk. Although the ischemic benefit of ticagrelor over clopidogrel was consistent in all subgroups, the absolute risk reduction was greatest in patients with both DM and CKD.Peer reviewe

Bortfallets effekter : En simuleringsstudie kring bortfallets påverkan på skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring

Denna uppsats skrivs på uppdrag av Statisticon AB och syftar till att studera hur bortfall påverkar skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring (TF) från 2011 till 2012. Vi arbetar med data som samlats in timvis året runt från 83 mätstationer utplacerade i Sverige. Tre olika typer av bortfall kommer att undersökas: bortfall av hela mätstationer, bortfall av dygn och bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster. Vi utför sedan tre olika simuleringar där bortfall simuleras utifrån var och en av dessa bortfallstyper för att se hur skattningen av TF påverkas. Proceduren upprepas för större och större bortfall. Bortfall av mätstationer ger en tydlig försämring i säkerheten av skattningen då variansen ökar. Bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster har en något flackare variansutveckling, medan bortfall av dygn ger en mycket liten ökning i variansen. Bortfall av mätstationer samt dygn indikerar en väntevärdesriktig skattning medan vi för bortfall av bortfallsmönster ser att skattningen blir mer och mer negativ ju större bortfallsandelen är. Utifrån vår analys anser vi att bortfallsandelen ej bör överstiga 25 - 30 procent, då detta medför en kraftigare variansökning samt en ökad risk att av misstag göra en positiv skattning

Bortfallets effekter : En simuleringsstudie kring bortfallets påverkan på skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring

Denna uppsats skrivs på uppdrag av Statisticon AB och syftar till att studera hur bortfall påverkar skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring (TF) från 2011 till 2012. Vi arbetar med data som samlats in timvis året runt från 83 mätstationer utplacerade i Sverige. Tre olika typer av bortfall kommer att undersökas: bortfall av hela mätstationer, bortfall av dygn och bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster. Vi utför sedan tre olika simuleringar där bortfall simuleras utifrån var och en av dessa bortfallstyper för att se hur skattningen av TF påverkas. Proceduren upprepas för större och större bortfall. Bortfall av mätstationer ger en tydlig försämring i säkerheten av skattningen då variansen ökar. Bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster har en något flackare variansutveckling, medan bortfall av dygn ger en mycket liten ökning i variansen. Bortfall av mätstationer samt dygn indikerar en väntevärdesriktig skattning medan vi för bortfall av bortfallsmönster ser att skattningen blir mer och mer negativ ju större bortfallsandelen är. Utifrån vår analys anser vi att bortfallsandelen ej bör överstiga 25 - 30 procent, då detta medför en kraftigare variansökning samt en ökad risk att av misstag göra en positiv skattning

Bortfallets effekter : En simuleringsstudie kring bortfallets påverkan på skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring

Denna uppsats skrivs på uppdrag av Statisticon AB och syftar till att studera hur bortfall påverkar skattningen av trafikarbetets förändring (TF) från 2011 till 2012. Vi arbetar med data som samlats in timvis året runt från 83 mätstationer utplacerade i Sverige. Tre olika typer av bortfall kommer att undersökas: bortfall av hela mätstationer, bortfall av dygn och bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster. Vi utför sedan tre olika simuleringar där bortfall simuleras utifrån var och en av dessa bortfallstyper för att se hur skattningen av TF påverkas. Proceduren upprepas för större och större bortfall. Bortfall av mätstationer ger en tydlig försämring i säkerheten av skattningen då variansen ökar. Bortfall av reella bortfallsmönster har en något flackare variansutveckling, medan bortfall av dygn ger en mycket liten ökning i variansen. Bortfall av mätstationer samt dygn indikerar en väntevärdesriktig skattning medan vi för bortfall av bortfallsmönster ser att skattningen blir mer och mer negativ ju större bortfallsandelen är. Utifrån vår analys anser vi att bortfallsandelen ej bör överstiga 25 - 30 procent, då detta medför en kraftigare variansökning samt en ökad risk att av misstag göra en positiv skattning

Reoperation-free survival after hip screws or hip arthroplasty for undisplaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly a nationwide population-based cohort study of 3,909 patients

Aims: Our primary aim was to assess reoperation-free survival at one year after the index injury in patients aged ≥ 75 years treated with internal fixation (IF) or arthroplasty for undis-placed femoral neck fractures (uFNFs). Secondary outcomes were reoperations and mortality analyzed separately. Methods: We retrieved data on all patients aged ≥ 75 years with an uFNF registered in the Swedish Fracture Register from 2011 to 2018. The database was linked to the Swedish Arthroplasty Register and the National Patient Register to obtain information on comorbidity, mortality, and reoperations. Our primary outcome, reoperation, or death at one year was analyzed using restricted mean survival time, which gives the mean time to either event for each group separately. Results: Overall, 3,909 patients presenting with uFNFs were included. Of these patients, 3,604 were treated with IF and 305 with primary arthroplasty. There were no relevant differences in age, sex, or comorbidities between groups. In the IF group 58% received cannulated screws and 39% hook pins. In the arthroplasty group 81% were treated with hemiarthroplasty and 19% with total hip arthroplasty. At one year, 32% were dead or had been reoperated in both groups. The reoperation-free survival time over one year of follow-up was 288 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 284 to 292) in the IF group and 279 days (95% CI 264 to 295) in the arthroplasty group, with p = 0.305 for the difference. Mortality was 26% in the IF group and 31% in the arthroplasty group at one year. Reoperation rates were 7.1% in the IF group and 2.3% in the arthroplasty group. Conclusion: In older patients with a uFNF, reoperation-free survival at one year seems similar, regardless of whether IF or arthroplasty is the primary surgery. However, this comparison depends on the choice of follow-up time in that reoperations were more common after IF. In contrast, we found more early deaths after arthroplasty. Our study calls for a randomized trial comparing these two methods

Differential effect of clopidogrel and ticagrelor on leukocyte count in relation to patient characteristics, biomarkers and genotype : a PLATO substudy.

Inflammation plays a key role in cardiovascular disease by contributing to atherothrombosis. The PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) study (NCT00391872) compared ticagrelor to clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and demonstrated fewer cardiovascular events with ticagrelor but lower white blood cell counts (WBC) with clopidogrel. In this further analysis of the PLATO biomarker substudy, we assessed associations between WBC and clinical characteristics, biomarker levels, and CYP2C19 polymorphisms.On-treatment mean (SD) WBC in the clopidogrel group was mildly reduced at each stage of follow-up compared with either the ticagrelor group (1 month: 7.27 (2.1) and 7.67 (2.23) x109/L for clopidogrel and ticagrelor, respectively; p < .001) or following cessation of clopidogrel (7.23 (1.97) x109/L, at 6 months vs 7.56 (2.28) x109/L after treatment cessation; P < .001). This occurred independently of baseline biomarkers and CYP2C19 genotype (where known). Adjusting for clinical characteristics and other biomarkers, no significant interaction was detected between clinical risk factors and the observed effect of clopidogrel on WBC.Clopidogrel weakly suppresses WBC, independent of clinical characteristics, baseline inflammatory biomarker levels, and CYP2C19 genotype. Further work is required to determine the mechanism for this effect and whether it contributes to clopidogrel's efficacy as well as therapeutic interaction with anti-inflammatory drugs

Prediction of Residual Risk by Ceramide-Phospholipid Score in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease on Optimal Medical Therapy

BACKGROUND: Identification of patients with stable coronary heart disease who are at significant residual risk could be helpful for targeted prevention. Our aim was to determine the prognostic value of the recently introduced ceramide-and phospholipid-based risk score, the Cardiovascular Event Risk Test (CERT2), in patients with stable coronary heart disease on optimal medical therapy and to identify biological processes that contribute to the CERT2 score. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma samples (n=11 222) obtained from the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) trial were analyzed using a tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. STABILITY was a trial in patients with stable coronary heart disease randomized to the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor darapladib or placebo on optimized medical therapy at baseline, with a median follow-up of 3.7 years. Hazard ratios per SD for the CERT2 risk score were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.25-1.39) for major adverse cardiovascular event, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.35-1.59) for cardiovascular death, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16-1.49) for stroke, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.14-1.33) for myocardial infarction, and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.39-1.76) for hospitalization due to heart failure, when adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CERT2 showed correlation (P<0.001, r>0.2) with inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, the heart failure marker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After also adjusting for levels of other prognostic biomarkers, the CERT2 score was still independently related to the risk of cardiovascular death but not to nonfatal events. CONCLUSIONS: The CERT2 risk score can detect residual risk in patients with stable coronary heart disease and is associated with biomarkers indicating inflammation, myocardial necrosis, myocardial dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and dyslipidemia

Biomarker Concentrations and Their Temporal Changes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Compared With Obstructive Coronary Arteries : Results From the PLATO Trial

Background: The pathobiology of myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is often uncertain. Investigating biomarker concentrations and their changes may offer novel pathophysiological insights. Methods and Results: In this post hoc study of the PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial, concentrations of hs‐cTnT (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T), NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and GDF‐15 (growth differentiation factor 15) were measured in patients with MINOCA at baseline (n=554) and at 1‐month follow‐up (n=107). For comparisons, biomarkers were also measured in patients with MI with obstructive (stenosis ≥50%) coronary artery disease (baseline: n=11 106; follow‐up: n=2755]). Adjusted linear regression models were used to compare concentrations and their short‐ and long‐term changes. The adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMRs) in patients with MINOCA (median age, 61 years; 50.4% women) indicated lower hs‐cTnT (GMR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.68–0.88]) but higher hs‐CRP (GMR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08–1.37]) and GDF‐15 concentrations (GMR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02–1.11]) at baseline compared with patients with MI with obstructive coronary artery disease, whereas NT‐proBNP concentrations were similar. Temporal decreases in hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and hs‐CRP concentrations until 1‐month follow‐up were more pronounced in patients with MINOCA. At follow‐up, patients with MINOCA had lower concentrations of hs‐cTnT (GMR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.60–0.84]), NT‐proBNP (GMR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.36–0.56]), and hs‐CRP (GMR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.53–0.86]). One‐month GDF‐15 concentrations were similar between both groups with MI. Conclusions: Biomarker concentrations suggest greater initial inflammatory activity, similar degree of myocardial dysfunction, and less pronounced myocardial injury during the acute phase of MINOCA compared with MI with obstructive coronary artery disease but also faster myocardial recovery. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00391872.Title in dissertation list of papers: Biomarker concentrations and their temporal changes in myocardial infarction patients with non-obstructive compared to obstructive coronary arteries: results from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial</p