Mathematical Modeling of the Internet Survey

Non

Заняпад ці эвалюцыя (стара)беларускай пісьмовай традыцыі ў XVIII стагоддзі? Да пытання пра дыскусію вакол развіцця літаратурнай беларускай мовы (на матэрыяле выданняў базыльянскіх тыпаграфій Супрасля і Вільні)

The article presents elements of simple speech, the 18th century Ruthenian language, the testaments to which are the religious texts of that period published by the Basilian printing office in Supraśl (Sobranije pripadkov, 1722, Kratkoje soslovije, 1759, Pouczenije o obrjadach, 1788). The analysis of the Supraśl texts is supplemented by an analysis of a text published by the monastic printing office in Vilnius (Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greckiey 1671) in the Church Slavonic language but using the Latin script. Due to a variety of factors: whether political ones or scholarly stereotypes, religious texts were omitted in language research (on simple speech, Ruthenian language) and the Belarusian writing of the 18th century. The linguistic features recorded therein point to the necessity of revising the axiom, popularised in the 1960s by prominent researchers of the Belarusian language: Arkadz Zhurausky and Ivan Kramko and upheld by other researchers, regarding the disappearance of the Old Belarusian language in the 18th century. Their thesis was constructed on the basis of an analysis of the following factors: graphic, grammatical, orthographical, lexical, and those relating to genre. The crowning argument for the break in the continuity of tradition was an enumeration of specific features of the Old Belarusian writing which are absent in modern literary Belarusian. In accordance with the data obtained from the analysed Basilian publications, one ought to speak of an evolutionary character of the development of the literary Belarusian language.W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano elementy prostej mowy, ruskiej mowy XVIII wieku, świadectwem której są teksty o charakterze religijnym z tego okresu wydane w bazyliańskiej drukarni w Supraślu (Sobranije pripadkov, 1722, Kratkoje soslovije, 1759, Pouczenije o obrjadach, 1788). Analiza języka tekstów supraskich została uzupełniona analizą tekstu, wydanego w drukarni zakonnej w Wilnie (Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greckiey 1671), w języku cerkiewnosłowiańskim, jednak z zastosowaniem czcionki łacińskiej. Ze względu na różnego rodzaju czynniki: polityczne czy stereotypy naukowe teksty o charakterze religijnym były pomijane w badaniach nad językiem (prostą mową, ruską mową) i piśmiennictwem białoruskim XVIII wieku. Zarejestrowane w nich cechy językowe świadczą o potrzebie rewizji upowszechnionego w latach 60. XX wieku przez wybitnych badaczy języka białoruskiego: Arkadzia Żurauskiego i Iwana Kramko i podtrzymanego przez innych badaczy, aksjomatu na temat zaniku języka starobiałoruskiego w XVIII wieku. Swoją tezę skonstruowali oni na podstawie analizy czynników: graficznego, gramatycznego, ortograficznego, leksykalnego oraz gatunkowego. Koronnym argumentem za zerwaną ciągłością tradycji było wyliczenie specyficznych cech piśmiennictwa starobiałoruskiego, nieobecnych we współczesnym literackim języku białoruskim. Zgodnie z danymi z analizowanych druków bazyliańskich należy mówić o ewolucyjności procesu rozwoju białoruskiego języka literackiego.У дадзеным артыкуле прадстаўлены элементы старабеларускай мовы XVIII ст., якія выступаюць у рэлігійных тэкстах гэтага перыяду, выдадзеных у базыльянскіх тыпаграфіях Супрасля (Sobranije pripadkov, 1722, Kratkoje soslovije, 1759, Pouczenije o obrjadach, 1788). Аналіз мовы супрасльскіх тэкстаў быў дапоўнены аналізам тэксту, надрукаванага ў манастырскай друкарні ў Вільні (Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greek 1671) на царкоўнаславянскай мове, аднак з выкарыстаннем лацінскага шрыфта. З-за розных фактараў (палітычных і навуковых стэрэатыпаў) творы рэлігійнага характару ігнараваліся пры вывучэнні беларускай мовы і пісьменнасці XVIII ст. Даследаванне пісьмовай спадчыны гэтага перыяду не былі прадметам актыўнага навуковага зацікаўлення з-за падтрыманага Аркадзем Жураўскім, Іванам Крамко і іншымі мовазнаўцамі тэзіса пра заняпад у XVIII ст. старабеларускай пісьмовай традыцыі. Галоўным аргументам для разрыву пераемнасці традыцыі быў погдяд, што спецыфічныя асаблівасці старабеларускай літаратуры (графічныя, граматычныя, арфаграфічныя, лексічныя і жанравыя) адсутнічаюць у сучаснай беларускай літаратурнай мове. Праведзены аналіз мовы старадрукаў вядзе да змены аксіёмы наконт развіцця беларускай літаратурнай мовы. Тэзіс пра разрыў у моўна-пісьмовай традыцыі прапануецца замяніць тэзісам пра эвалюцыйны характар развіцця беларускай літаратурнай мовы

Usurpation of Aristocratic Privilege and the Social Identity of the Polish Noble Elite in the Period of the Partitions

The aristocratic titles, which the partitioning monarchies granted to some of their Polish noble subjects in the long nineteenth century, did not play a decisive role in the development and formation of the modern Polish noble elite. The foreign titles could only sanction the internal noble hierarchy, which was apparently much more determined by specific noble traditions and the cult of the pre-partition past. This argument is evidenced by the cases of families which did not need formal title grants to be recognized as truly aristocratic in that period

Inwentaryzacja polskich strat wojennych w zakresie zabytków architektury (1940–1950)

W artykule autor skupia się na wojennych i tużpowojennych działaniach inwentaryzacyjnych polskich władz (emigracyjnych i komunistycznych) w zakresie strat architektury zabytkowej w okresie II wojny światowej. Wiedza o stratach w zabytkach architektury była nie tylko istotnym zasobem informacji z punktu widzenia polityki ochrony materialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Służyła bowiem również celom propagandowym i ekonomicznym państwa. W moich badaniach nad działaniami inwentaryzacyjnymi kluczowym zagadnieniem jest samo pojęcie straty w odniesieniu do architektury zabytkowej. Analiza dostępnego materiału poświadcza, że obejmowało ono różne przypadki naruszenia materialnej integralności obiektu. Metodologia prac inwentaryzacyjnych miała potem bezpośrednie przełożenie na ogólny obraz (w tym skalę) strat. Odzwierciedlała również ówczesne przekonania na temat wartościowania zabytków, jak i zarazem ambiwalencję samego rozumienia zabytkowości. Głównym przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu nie są więc straty jako takie, lecz sposób ich urzędowej rejestracji i zarazem efekty tego działania

Amenities Provided As Predictors Of Job Satisfaction Among Entry-level, Live-on/live-in Housing And Residence Life Professionals

Job satisfaction of entry-level student affairs professionals has been an issue of interest to researchers and practitioners alike since at least the 1980s. A high turnover of housing and residence life live-on and live-in (LO/LI) professionals has led to a curiosity for the reason. Investigation into job satisfaction of these professionals is an ideal way to determine ways to help retain LO/LI professionals and enhance their overall job satisfaction. In this study, the personal demographics, institutional demographics, and amenities provided to entry-level housing and residence life professionals holding LO/LI positions, and what impact, if any, they had on job satisfaction were examined. Job satisfaction was measured by two separate means, both based on the theoretical framework, the Job Characteristics Model. A web-based survey was distributed to approximately 9,000 members of the Association of College and University Housing Officers-International, asking for all LO/LI professionals to complete the survey. Personal demographics slightly affected job satisfaction, and institutional demographics were not related to job satisfaction. Amenities were the strongest predictors of job satisfaction among the three areas examined. Specific amenities such as meal plans, reserved parking, and flexible work hours had a more significant impact on job satisfaction than others

Беларуская мова XVIII ст. – навуковыя пастулаты

This article offers an analysis of religious texts published in the 18th century by a Basilian printing house in Supraśl (Sobranije pripadkov korotkoje, 1722, Kratkoje sosłowie nauki christijanskija, 1759). Works of religious nature used to be omitted in the study of Belarusian language and literature of the 18th century due to political factors, as well as scholarly stereotypes belittling their significance. The texts analyzed, written in the Belarusian language known as “prosta mova”, constitute a proof of the vivacity of the latter, and contradict the theories about the disappearance of the Belarusian written language in the 18th century. The phonetic features of the Belarusian language described in the article and reflected in these texts serve as a pretext to put forward several research postulates. Namely: a) the need for a detailed linguistic analysis of religious texts printed in Cyrillic alphabet (albeit not in the Orthodox Slavic language, but rather in prosta mova/Ruthenian) and a search for other literary works in order to analyze the language of this period; b) the need for an analysis of printed texts which reflect a certain usus rather than the language of individual authors; c) a thorough linguistic analysis of texts to indicate their dialectal basis and to define the trends (if any) affecting the subsequent formation of Belarusian language standards in its literary variety.W artykule zaprezentowano druki religijne wydane w bazyliańskiej drukarni w Supraślu w XVIII w. (Sobranije pripadkov korotkoje, 1722 oraz Kratkoje sosłowie nauki christijanskija, 1759). W badaniach nad językiem i literaturą białoruską XVIII stulecia teksty o charakterze religijnym były pomijane ze względów politycznych, a także funkcjonujących w środowisku naukowym stereotypów umniejszających ich znaczenie. Analizowane teksty, napisane tzw.-prostą mową, językiem Białorusinów, stanowią świadectwo żywotności języka i przeczą teoriom o zaniku języka białoruskiego w XVIII w. Opisane w artykule cechy fonetyczne języka białoruskiego,-odzwierciedlone w badanych tekstach, stanowią pretekst do wysunięcia postulatów-badawczych. Są to: a) konieczność szczegółowej analizy językowej tekstów o charakterze religijnym,-drukowanych alfabetem cyrylickim (jednak nie w języku cerkiewnosłowiańskim, ale-prostym/ruskim) oraz poszukiwanie innych utworów literackich do analizy języka tego okresu;-b) konieczność analizy tekstów drukowanych jako odzwierciedlających pewien uzus, nie zaś-język poszczególnych autorów; c) analiza językowa tekstów w celu wskazania ich podłoża-dialektalnego oraz ukazania tendencji (jeśli były) mających wpływ na późniejsze formowanie-się norm języka białoruskiego w odmianie literackiej.У артыкуле аналізуюцца рэлігійныя тэксты, надрукаваныя ў базыльянскай друкарні ў Супраслі ў ХVІІІ ст. (Собранїе прыпадковъ краткое.., 1722, Краткое сословіе науки-хрістіанскія.., 1759). Рэлігійныя тэксты ХVІІІ ст. ігнараваліся даследчыкамі беларускай-мовы і літаратуры па палітычных прычынах, а таксама з прычыны існавання навуковых-стэрэатыпаў, якія змяншалі іх значэнне. Тэксты, што разглядаюцца ў дадзеным-артыкуле, надрукаваныя на „простай мове” – мове маўлення беларусаў, сведчаць пра-жывы стан мовы і супярэчаць тэорыі пра заняпад беларускага пісьменства ў ХVІІІ ст. Беларускія фанетычныя асаблівасці, адлюстраваныя ў тэкстах і разгледжаныя ў межах-артыкула, з’яўляюцца аргументам вылучэння канкрэтных пастулатаў даследавання, а менавіта: а) неабходнасць падрабязнага аналізу рэлігійных тэкстаў, надрукаваных-кірыліцай (не на царкоўнаславянскай мове, а на „простай” / „рускай” (старабеларускай) мове) і пошук іншых літаратурных твораў для даследавання мовы гэтага перыяду; б) неабходнасць аналізу друкаваных тэкстаў з пункту адлюстравання ў іх моўнага ўзусу(моўнай практыкі), а не з перспектывы разгляду мовы асобных аўтараў; в) дакладны-лінгвістычны аналіз згаданых тэкстаў з мэтай выявіць дыялектную аснову мовы твораў,-а таксама тэндэнцыі (калі такія былі), якія паўплывалі на пазнейшае фарміраванне-нормаў беларускай літаратурнай мовы

Platelet-rich plasma therapy in the treatment of androgenic alopecia – review

Hair loss is a problem that affects many people around the world. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss affecting up to 50% of men and 40% of women over the age of 50. This type of hair loss is mediated by androgens, the strongest of which is dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This hormone influences the weakening hair follicles. The problem of excess DHT and the associated androgenic hair loss may concern people practicing sports, especially aerobic disciplines of moderate and high intensity. In the recent decades, many topical and oral therapies have been introduced to delay and stop hair loss. However, commonly used medications have only a partial and temporary effect, therefore alternative treatment methods are needed. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known, among other things, for its use in orthopedics. The use of PRP may benefit athletes in the treatment of injuries to tendons, ligaments, muscles and cartilage. Many publications indicate good results with the use of PRP in the treatment of hair loss. The aim of this study is to summarise the published reports on the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on hair loss prevention in people with androgenic alopecia (AGA) and to analyse the papers discussing androgen levels in physically active people