In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats

Objectives: To study the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and production of interleukin-1β (ll-1β), tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and osteocalcin in response to in-office tooth bleaching in rats. Material and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5) according to the received treatment (tooth bleaching or no treatment - control) and the period of euthanasia after treatment (24 h or 10 days). We performed tooth bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide gel on maxillary and mandibular incisors. After euthanasia, incisors (20 per group) were processed for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry staining of ll-1β, TNF-β, FGF-2 and GPX and osteocalcin by immunofluorescence. We analyzed data using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). Results: The bleached groups presented statistically significant differences regarding the pulp inflammation stage compared with the control groups. Bleached teeth showed moderate/severe inflammatory infiltrate and control groups presented absent inflammatory cells or a negligible number of mononuclear cells (p<0.001) at two times (24 h and 10 days). There was strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, and GPX in bleached groups at 24 h and strong staining for ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX and FGF-2 at 10 days. After 10 days of tooth bleaching, the bleached group showed a statistically superior amount of osteocalcin than the other groups (p<0.01). Conclusions: Tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide causes severe pulp inflammation, but characteristics of tissue repair after 10 days

Análise da relação entre custo e consumo dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos: implicações para a saúde pública

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation cost/use of the two groups of antipsychotics: typical and atypical. The data were collected in the Psychiatric Hospital Doctor João Machado in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state/ Brazil from 2002 to 2005. The cost/usebetween the two antipsychotics groups is analyzed using the Student t Test (p < 0,05) and the correlation between cost/use for the two groups made with Pearson Correlation (p < 0,05). The difference of cost is significant between the groups antipsychotics (p < 0,0001). The Correlation Coefficient in the cost/use analysis is significant with atypical antipsychotics (p < 0,02). Our study corroborates a public health trend in Rio Grande do Norte State/Brazil that starts supporting atypical psychotic therapeutics.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre custo e consumo dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. João Machado, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2005. Para a comparação do custo ou consumo entre os dois grupos de antipsicóticos, utilizou-se o Teste t de Student com nível de significância de 5 %. A correlação entre custo e consumo para cada grupo de antipsicótico foi verificada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5 %. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre o custo dos medicamentos típicos e atípicos (p < 0,0001), bem como uma correlação positiva entre custo e consumo para medicamentos atípicos (r = 0,96, p < 0,02). O estudo demonstrou que existe  preocupação e compromisso do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em incrementar a terapia com os antipsicóticos atípicos. A diferença entre os custos dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos podem representar um empecilho para incrementar o acesso dos pacientes com esquizofrenia a uma terapêutica que possibilite melhor qualidade de vida

Produtos lácteos caprinos: constituintes e funcionalidade / Goat dairy products: constituents and functionality

O leite caprino apresenta diferentes compostos bioativos, classificando-o como alimento funcional. O potencial de nutracêuticos, alimentos funcionais e suplementos alimentares tem sido discutido na minimização de problemas com a saúde, em especial aqueles relacionados a alterações no trato gastrintestinal. Alguns compostos bioativos como peptídeos, ácido graxos, como o ácido linoleico conjugado, e oligossacarídeos na matriz láctea bovina e caprina tem mostrado propriedades benéficas na saúde humana. OBJETIVO: Diante da grande variedade de constituintes funcionais do leite caprino, bem como seus benefícios metabólicos, esse trabalho teve como objetivo compilar dados sobre as atividades funcionais desses compostos, demonstrando suas aplicações clínicas. MÉTODO: A pesquisa constituiu-se de uma revisão bibliográfica através de buscas de dados em livros e nas bases eletrônicas Science Direct, Pubmed, LILACS, Web of Science e Periódicos CAPES. RESULTADOS: O soro do leite caprino, iogurte e queijo constituem um importante derivado lácteo, muitas vezes desprezado ou subutilizado, no entanto, esta matriz alimentar vem ganhando espaço no mercado, justificando-se a  necessidade de investigações e aprofundamento sobre suas propriedades funcionais. Os benefícios atribuídos ao leite de cabra e seus constituintes incluem: efeito anticarcinogênico, imunoregulador, anti-hipertensivo, hipoglicemiante, hipocolesterolêmico e antiplaquetário. Além disso, sua composição química resulta em melhor aceitação por parte de pacientes intolerantes à lactose, bem como vantagens no uso em formulas infantis pelo seu perfil de oligossacarídeos e menor potencial alergênico da sua porçãoprotéica. CONCLUSÃO: A grande quantidade de constituintes funcionais presente no leite de cabra coloca este alimento em posição de importante componente para a alimentação humana e com mais diversos objetivos terapêuticos.

Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

Research Areas: Science & Technology - Other TopicsThis study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct efects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Transfatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-infammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective efect. The microbial gut communities were signifcantly diferent among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-infammatory potential.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gliclazide Prevents 5-FU-Induced Oral Mucositis by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and P-Selectin Adhesion Molecules

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the main side effects of the head and neck cancer treatment, particularly radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. OM is characterized by ulcers, erythema, dysphagia, xerostomia, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. In the perspective of finding pharmacological therapies to prevent inflammation and ulceration of OM, the investigation of the pleiotropic effect of commercial drugs is needed, among them gliclazide, an antidiabetic drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gliclazide in an experimental OM model induced by 5-fluorouracil. Male hamsters were pre-treated with oral gliclazide (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (COX2, iNOS, MMP-2, NFκB P65, GPx) and imunofluorescence (P-selectin). IL-1β and TNF-α levels, Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. NFκB NLS P50 protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. The group treated with gliclazide at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed presence of erythema, no evidence of erosion, and absence of mucosal ulceration with a score of 1 (1–2) (p &lt; 0.01). Histopathological data for the group treated with gliclazide 10 mg/kg showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage, edema, ulcers and abscesses with a score of 1 (1–1) (p &lt; 0.01). Treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg reduced MPO activity (p &lt; 0.001), MDA levels (p &lt; 0.001) and NFκB NLS P50 (p &lt; 0.05) protein levels, resulting in low immunostaining to Cox-2, iNOS (p &lt; 0.05), NFκB P65 (p &lt; 0.05), and negative immunoreaction to MMP-2 (p &lt; 0.001). However, it appeared that for Gpx1, the staining was restored in the GLI 10-FUT group compared with 5FUT/saline (p &lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed decreased levels of P-selectin (p &lt; 0.001) after treatment with gliclazide 10 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, gliclazide accelerated mucosal recovery and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-FU-induced OM in hamsters

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics

p.48-54The purpose of this study was to determine naproxen concentrations in rat plasma samples by HPLC and to compare the bioavailability of a generic and two compounded naproxen sodium suspensions (test 1 and test 2). Analysis was run at a fl ow rate of 1.2 mL.min-1 with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: NaH2PO4 0.01 M pH 4.00 (50:50, v/v) at 280 nm, using a C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The calibration curve was linear (R2 = 0.9987) over the range of 0.25 - 200 μg.mL-1. The precision for inter and intra-day analysis ranged from 2.46% to 12.39%. Cmax, Tmax and AUCt were 191.25 ± 11.17 μg.mL-1, 1.00 ± 0.106 h and 2438.16 ± 291.34 μg.h.mL-1 for the reference drug, 188.22 ± 24.78 μg.mL-1, 1.06 ± 0.092 h and 1755.02 ± 228.90 μg.h.mL-1 for test 1, and 160.50 ± 10.58 μg.mL-1, 0.66 ± 0.102 h and 1955.28 ± 142.80 μg.h.mL-1 for test 2. No signifi cant differences were found based on analysis of variance, with mean values and 90% CI of test2/reference ratio (Cmax 83.92% and AUCt 80.19%). For test1/reference ratio, the result was Cmax 98.41% and AUCt 71.98%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the validated method was successfully applied to this study; the test 1 formulation failed to demonstrate a bioequivalence to the reference drug; however, the test 2 and reference naproxen sodium suspension were bioequivalent in terms of the rate and extent of absorption under these conditions

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre custo e consumo dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. João Machado, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2005. Para a comparação do custo ou consumo entre os dois grupos de antipsicóticos, utilizou-se o Teste t de Student com nível de significância de 5 %. A correlação entre custo e consumo para cada grupo de antipsicótico foi verificada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5 %. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre o custo dos medicamentos típicos e atípicos (p < 0,0001), bem como uma correlação positiva entre custo e consumo para medicamentos atípicos (r = 0,96, p < 0,02). O estudo demonstrou que existe preocupação e compromisso do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em incrementar a terapia com os antipsicóticos atípicos. A diferença entre os custos dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos podem representar um empecilho para incrementar o acesso dos pacientes com esquizofrenia a uma terapêutica que possibilite melhor qualidade de vida.Salvado

Determination of carbamazepine in pharmaceutical formulations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of five different solid formulations of carbamazepine. The reference formulation was Tegretol® 200.00 mg (Novartis) and the others were: generic formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), similar formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), and two formulations of carbamazepine 200.00 mg acquired from two different compounding pharmacies. The latter consisted of capsules obtained in Natal, the capital city of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Norte. The quality of samples was evaluated through physical and physical-chemical tests, including: weight, diameter, thickness, content, dissolution, disintegration, hardness, friability and moisture. The results of friability analysis showed that all formulations met Brazilian and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. In spite of having a higher hardness compared to the reference, the generic formulation had a lower disintegration time. This could be associated to the presence of crospovidone in its formulation. Results of this study showed that all formulations had dissolutions which were in accordance with Brazilian Pharmacopoeia specifications, and quality control tests. An exception was found for the similar formulation, which had a hardness parameter that exceeded the USP standard. However, this difference was not significant given the similar formulation's satisfactory disintegration time