MENENTUKAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENUNJANG DESA WISATA WAE REBO KABUPATEN MANGGARAI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Desa wisata merupakan pengembangan suatu wilayah desa yang pada dasarnya tidak merubah apa yang sudah ada, akan tetapi lebih cenderung kepada pengembangan potensi desa yang ada dengan melakukan pemanfaatan kemampuan unsur-unsur yang ada di dalam desa yang berfungsi sebagai atribut produk wisata dalam skala yang kecil menjadi rangkaian aktivitas atau kegiatan pariwisata dan mampu menyediakan serta memenuhi serangkaian kebutuhan perjalanan wisata baik dari aspek daya tarik maupun sebagai fasilitas pendukung. Sarana dan prasarana sangat penting dalam menunjang kegiatan pariwisata. Sarana dan prasarana kepariwisataan sesungguhnya merupakan kebutuhan wisatawan yang perlu disiapkan atau disediakan dalam mengembangkan industri pariwisata. Kampung Wae Rebo adalah sebuah kampung tradisional yang masih mempertahankan kearifan lokalnya atau bentuk aslinya di Manggarai. Sarana dan prasaran yang ada di Desa Wisata Wae Rebo kurang memadai. Di sisi lain, sebagian wisatawan dari berbagai tempat mulai resah dengan kurangnya sarana dan prasarana tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlunya pengembangan sarana dan prasarana dalam menunjang Desa Wisata Wae Rebo agar berguna bagi peningkatan Desa Wisata Wae Rebo tesebut tanpa menghilangkan kearifan lokal setempat dan adat istiadat masyarakat setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan tahapan identifikasi sarana dan prasarana dalam menunjang Desa Wisata Wae Rebo dengan analisis TOWS (Threats,Opportunity,Weakness,Strength) serta merumuskan arahan pengembangan sarana dan prasarana pendukung Desa Wisata Wae Rebo dengan analisis stakeholder. Hasil penelitian adalah merumuskan upaya pengembangan sarana dan prasarana dalam menunjang Desa Wisata Wae Rebo. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Sarana Prasarana, Desa Wisata, Wae Reb

Toughness Behaviour in Armour Steel Welds

The process of welding armor steel is a complex process not only due to high percentage of carbon in the base metal, but also because of possible welding faults, appearing in the weld metal zone in the form of cracks and pores. Austenitic filler material is traditionally used for welding armor steels, thus avoiding the negative effect of hydrogen content due to slow diffusion towards the sensitive fusion line. For heavy structural engineering such as armored military vehicles, which are frequently under the effect of impact and dynamic load, it is important to know the dynamic properties of the most sensitive area of welded joints, the weld metal zone. Instrumented impact testing was made on Charpy V specimens. The impact energy results were 56 J and 29 J for crack initiation and propagation, respectively. Due to a significant interest in quantification of material resistance to crack initiation and propagation, the fatigue crack growth rate was measured in the welded metal zone, while the resistance to crack growth in the weld metal was tested by the amount of austenite transformed into martensite. Accordingly, the threshold stress concentration factor was 10 MPa m1/2. XRD spectral analysis revealed direct transformation of γ - austenite into α’ - martensite

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KASAR SPONS Agelas clathrodes TERHADAP BAKTERI PATOGENIK IKAN Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus adalah bakteri patogenik Gram negatif yang tersebar luas di lingkungan laut dan estuari di seluruh dunia. Pada ikan, strain V. parahaemoliticus patogenik menyebabkan vibrosis dengan dampak seperti kematian 100% pada larva maupun ikan-ikan budidaya ukuran konsumsi sedangkan pada manusia dapat menyebabkan gastroenteritis atau diare akut. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah infeksi bakteri strain V. parahaemoliticus patogenik ini adalah antibiotik. Pada kanyataannya penggunaan antibiotik dapat meningkatkan kasus resistensi antibiotik. Krisis resistensi antibiotik telah memunculkan kesadaran menggunakan antibiotik dari bahan alami untuk mengobati penyakit ikan, hewan lainnya atau manusia salah satunya dari ekstrak spons A. clathordes. Itulah sebabnya, dalam penelitian ini aktivitas antibakteri spons A. clathordes akan diuji terhadap bakteri patogen ikan V. parahaemolythicus. Pengujian akan menggunakan media TSA yang dikultur dengan biakan V. parahaemolythicus. Kertas cakram ditempatkan pada media kemudian ditetesi dengan (ekstark 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 mg/mL; tetrasiklin; methanol), setiap perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil pengukuran zona hambat kemudian dievaluasi dengan mengkategorikan zona hambat sebagai berikut <9 mm (tidak aktif), 9-12 mm (kurang aktif), 13-18 mm (aktif) dan >18 mm (sangat aktif) dan ditabulasikan pada sebuah tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aktivitas antibakteri A. clathrodes terhadap V. parahaemoliticus bertambah dengan naiknya konsentrasi. Meskipun zona hambat pada tiga konsentrasi masih lebih kecildibandingkan dengan zona hambat dari antibiotik pembanding, zona hambat ekstrak-ekstrak kasar itu tergolong sangat akti

Isolation of non-pathogenic Agrobacterium spp. biovar 1 from agricultural soils in Slovenia

The disease crown gall, which causes damage on perennial agricultural crops, is economically important in many countries. We therefore explored the presence of Agrobacterium spp. in a variety of agricultural soils where fruit trees are grown. Most samples were collected in four regions of Slovenia where a majority of fruit tree plantations are situated. Crown gall-affected plants were not observed on any of the sampling sites. Members of Agrobacterium spp. biovar 1 were isolated from 63 of the 72 soil samples (88%), but none from forest soil. All isolates of this Agrobacterium species complex were determined to be non-pathogenic by biotests and were assigned to genomic species based on a recA allele sequence analysis. Fourty-three isolates were allocated into genomic species G1 and 26 isolates into G4. Among both genomic species, new alleles of the recA gene were recognized: seven new alleles in G1 (denominated G1-15 to G1-21) and four in G4 (G4-7 to G4-10). Two alleles predominated among the Slovenian strains, recA-G1-15 and recA-G4-2. Different colony morphologies were observed between strains of G1 and G4 on KB medium

PCR-RFLP diagnostic method for identifying Globodera species in Slovenia

Species identification within the genus Globodera is based on the morphological and morphometrical characters of the cysts and second stage juveniles, and these are included in the majority of identification keys. Morphometrical methods are fast and can be applied to most of samples but they demand a trained and experienced specialist. Furthermore, some morphometrical characters may overlap between populations and beetwen species, leading to inaccurate identification. To confirm and complement the morphometrical identification of Globodera species molecular methods have been developed. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2 of the rDNA gene cluster proved to be useful for identifying nematode species identification. A PCR-RFLP molecular method was used to identify Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. tabacum and G. achilleae. Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. tabacum and G. achilleae can be distinguished with PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA ITS fragment using five restriction enzymes. The RFLP patterns of G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum and G. achilleae were species-specific, while those of G. pallida varied. South American populations of G. pallida differed from other populations as their RFLP patterns were demonstrated to be distinct by in silico restriction of the ITS sequences deposited at NCBI

Brassica cover crops can reduce nematode pests

The possibility of controlling soil-borne pest nematodes by using Brassica species plants as cover crops in the inter-row space of vineyards followed by biomass incorporation and so called biofumigation was investigated in the CORE Organic Cofund project BIOVINE

Lipid homeostasis and inflammatory activation are disturbed in classically activated macrophages with peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency

Macrophage activation is characterized by pronounced metabolic adaptation. Classically activated macrophages show decreased rates of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation and acquire a glycolytic state together with their pro-inflammatory phenotype. In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages require oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for their anti-inflammatoryfunction. Although it is evident that mitochondrial metabolism is regulated during macrophage polarization and essential for macrophagefunction, little is known on the regulation and role of peroxisomal -oxidation during macrophage activation. In this study, we show that peroxisomal -oxidation is strongly decreased in classically activated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and mildly induced in alternatively activated BMDM. To examine the role of peroxisomal -oxidation in macrophages, we used Mfp2(-/-) BMDM lacking the key enzyme of this pathway. Impairment of peroxisomal -oxidation in Mfp2(-/-) BMDM did not cause lipid accumulation but rather an altered distribution of lipid species with very-long-chain fatty acids accumulating in the triglyceride and phospholipid fraction. These lipid alterations in Mfp2(-/-) macrophages led to decreased inflammatory activation of Mfp2(-/-) BMDM and peritoneal macrophages evidenced by impaired production of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but did not affect anti-inflammatory polarization. The disturbed inflammatory responses of Mfp2(-/-) macrophages did not affect immune cell infiltration, as mice with selective elimination of MFP2 from myeloid cells showed normal monocyte and neutrophil influx upon challenge with zymosan. Together, these data demonstrate that peroxisomal -oxidation is involved in fine-tuning the phenotype of macrophages, probably by influencing the dynamic lipid profile during macrophage polarization

THE INFLUENCE OF POTATO CYST NEMATODE G. ROSTOCHIENSIS INFESTATION ON DIFFERENT POTATO CULTIVARS

The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis is one of the most serious pests of potato in Slovenia. Precise nematode identification and knowledge about potato cultivars, which are most suitable for growing in the Slovenian climate conditions and most resistant to G. rostochiensis, are necessary to develop an effective integrated pest control. Here we report the results of the influence of G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1/4 on the yield of different potato cultivars: the susceptible cultivar Desiree, the resistant cultivars White Lady, Miranda, Aladin, Sante and Adora, and the clone KIS 94-1/5-14. The yield of cv. White Lady was the highest and that of susceptible cv. Desiree the lowest. The influence of several resistant and one susceptible potato cultivars on population dynamics of G. rostochiensis was also determined. The total number of cysts/100 cm3 and the number of eggs and juveniles per cyst increased in the susceptible cv. Desiree and decreased in the resistant cultivars White Lady, Sante and Adora

BMJ Open

OBJECTIVES: To describe (i) the trend in oral anticoagulant (OAC) use following the introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and (ii) the current patterns of use of NOAC therapy in new users with AF in France. DESIGN: (i) Repeated cross-sectional study and (ii) population-based cohort study. SETTING: French national healthcare databases (50 million beneficiaries). PARTICIPANTS: (i) Patients with identified AF in 2011, 2013 and 2016 and (ii) patients with AF initiating OAC therapy in 2015-2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Trend in OAC therapy use in patients with AF and (ii) patterns of use of NOAC therapy in new users with AF. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2016, use of OAC therapy moderately increased (+16%), while use of antiplatelet therapy decreased (-22%) among all patients with identified AF. In 2016, among the 1.1 million AF patients, 66% used OAC therapy and were more likely to be treated by vitamin K antagonist (VKA) than NOAC therapy, including patients at higher risk of stroke (63.5%), while 33% used antiplatelet therapy. Among 192 851 new users of OAC therapy in 2015-2016 with identified AF, NOAC therapy (66.3%) was initiated more frequently than VKA therapy, including in patients at higher risk of stroke (57.8%). Reduced doses were prescribed in 40% of NOAC new users. Several situations of inappropriate use at NOAC initiation were identified, including concomitant use of drugs increasing the risk of bleeding (one in three new users) and potential NOAC underdosing. CONCLUSIONS: OAC therapy use in patients with AF remains suboptimal 4 years after the introduction of NOACs for stroke prevention in France and improvement in appropriate prescribing regarding NOAC initiation is needed. However, NOAC therapy is now the preferred drug class for initiation of OAC therapy in patients with AF, including in patients at higher risk of stroke

Reading Maud’s remains: Tennyson, geological processes, and palaeontological reconstructions

As Tennyson's “little Hamlet ,” Maud (1855) posits a speaker who, like Hamlet, confronts the ignominious fate of dead remains. Maud's speaker contemplates such remains as bone, hair, shell, and he experiences his world as one composed of hard inorganic matter, such things as rocks, gems, flint, stone, coal, and gold. While Maud's imagery of “stones, and hard substances” has been read as signifying the speaker's desire “unnaturally to harden himself into insensibility” (Killham 231, 235), I argue that these substances benefit from being read in the context of Tennyson's wider understanding of geological processes. Along with highlighting these materials, the text's imagery focuses on processes of fossilisation, while Maud's characters appear to be in the grip of an insidious petrification. Despite the preoccupation with geological materials and processes, the poem has received little critical attention in these terms. Dennis R. Dean, for example, whose Tennyson and Geology (1985) is still the most rigorous study of the sources of Tennyson's knowledge of geology, does not detect a geological register in the poem, arguing that by the time Tennyson began to write Maud, he was “relatively at ease with the geological world” (Dean 21). I argue, however, that Maud reveals that Tennyson was anything but “at ease” with geology. While In Memoriam (1851) wrestles with religious doubt that is both initiated, and, to some extent, alleviated by geological theories, it finally affirms the transcendence of spirit over matter. Maud, conversely, gravitates towards the ground, concerning itself with the corporal remains of life and with the agents of change that operate on all matter. Influenced by his reading of geology, and particularly Charles Lyell's provocative writings on the embedding and fossilisation of organic material in strata in his Principles of Geology (1830–33) volume 2, Tennyson's poem probes the taphonomic processes that result in the incorporation of dead remains and even living flesh into the geological system