Negating the Gender Citation Advantage in Political Science

Open-access (OA) advocates have long promoted OA as an egalitarian alternative to traditional subscription-based academic publishing. The argument is simple: OA gives everyone access to high-quality research at no cost. In turn, this should benefit individual researchers by increasing the number of people reading and citing academic articles. As the OA movement gains traction in the academy, scholars are investing considerable research energy to determine whether there is an OA citation advantage—that is, does OA increase an article’s citation counts? Research indicates that it does. Scholars also explored patterns of gender bias in academic publishing and found that women are cited at lower rates in many disciplines. Indeed, in many disciplines, men enjoy a significant and positive gender citation effect (GCE) compared to their female colleagues. This article combines these research areas to determine whether the OA citation advantage varies by gender. Using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) tests, the nonparametric analog to the independent samples T-test, I conclude that OA benefits male and female political scientists at similar rates. Thus, OA negates the gender citation advantage that typically accrues to male political scientists

Preparation and study the mechanical properties of CMC/PVA composites by sound waves

The CMC/PVA composite membranes were prepared by casting method, the appropriate weight of CMC was variable (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 gm) was dissolved in (25ml) of distilled water under stirring and heat (80?C) for (30 min.) then add the PVA with different weights (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 gm) for each CMC weight. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of CMC/PVA composite the ultrasonic measurements were performed at the samples , these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, were made at fixed frequency (f =2.5 KHz), another acoustic mechanical properties were measured and calculated at a same time such as the ultrasonic wave amplitude before and after absorption by composite were measured using oscilloscope ,then we calculated absorption coefficient , transmittance and the reflected pressure ratio of the sound. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding PVA affects on the density then the absorption of the ultrasonic waves inside the composites samples. Keywords: Carboxy methylcellulose; polyvinyle alcohol; mechanical properties; casting method

Ultrasonic study of HEC/ ZnO and HEC/ TiO2 film composites prepared by casting method

The HEC/ZnO and HEC/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by a sol-gel casting method. In order to evaluate some physical properties of HEC/TiO2 and HEC/ZnO composites the ultrasonic measurements were performed for the samples at room temperature (298.15 K.) with frequency (35KHz), these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, bulk modulus, absorption coefficient, relaxation amplitude, transmittance, relaxation time and viscosity. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding ZnO and TiO2 effect on densities which were responsible for the ultrasonic wave’s absorption inside the composites which effected also on the transmittance and reduce velocity. Keywords: HEC composite; ZnO; TiO2; Ultrasound technique; physical propertie

Interaction between gravitational radiation and electromagnetic radiation

In this review paper we investigate the connection between gravity and electromagnetism from Faraday to the present day. The particular focus is on the connection between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We discuss electromagnetic radiation produced when a gravitational wave passes through a magnetic field. We then discuss the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with gravitational waves via Feynman diagrams of the process $graviton + graviton \to photon + photon$. Finally we review recent work on the vacuum production of counterpart electromagnetic radiation by gravitational waves.Comment: 34 pages, 4 figures. Review paper to be published in IJMPD. Comments, corrections, appropriate missed references welcome

Negating the Gender Citation Advantage in Political Science

Open-access (OA) advocates have long promoted OA as an egalitarian alternative to traditional subscription-based academic publishing. The argument is simple: OA gives everyone access to high-quality research at no cost. In turn, this should benefit individual researchers by increasing the number of people reading and citing academic articles. As the OA movement gains traction in the academy, scholars are investing considerable research energy to determine whether there is an OA citation advantage—that is, does OA increase an article’s citation counts? Research indicates that it does. Scholars also explored patterns of gender bias in academic publishing and found that women are cited at lower rates in many disciplines. Indeed, in many disciplines, men enjoy a significant and positive gender citation effect (GCE) compared to their female colleagues. This article combines these research areas to determine whether the OA citation advantage varies by gender. Using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) tests, the nonparametric analog to the independent samples T-test, I conclude that OA benefits male and female political scientists at similar rates. Thus, OA negates the gender citation advantage that typically accrues to male political scientists

Interaction Between Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Radiation

In this review paper we investigate the connection between gravity and electromagnetism from Faraday to the present day. The particular focus is on the connection between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We discuss electromagnetic radiation produced when a gravitational wave passes through a magnetic field. We then discuss the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with gravitational waves via Feynman diagrams of the process graviton + graviton → photon + photon. Finally we review recent work on the vacuum production of counterpart electromagnetic radiation by gravitational waves

Creating Maps of Science Using Topic Models : A Reproducibility Study

Maps of science, or cartography of scientific fields, provide insights into the state of scientific knowledge. Analogous to geographical maps, maps of science present the fields as positions and show the paths connecting each other, which can serve as an intuitive illustration for the history of science or a hint to spot potential opportunities for collaboration. In this work, I investigate the reproducibility of a method to generate such maps. The idea of the method is to derive representations representations for the given scientific fields with topic models and then perform hierarchical clustering on these, which in the end yields a tree of scientific fields as the map. The result is found unreproducible, as my result obtained on the arXiv data set (~130k articles from arXiv Computer Science) shows an inconsistent structure from the one in the reference study. To investigate the cause of the inconsistency, I derive a second set of maps using the same method and an adjusted data set, which is constructed by re-sampling the arXiv data set to a more balanced distribution. The findings show the confounding factors in the data cannot account for the inconsistency; instead, it should be due to the stochastic nature of the unsupervised algorithm. I also improve the approach by using ensemble topic models to derive representations. It is found the method to derive maps of science can be reproducible when it uses an ensemble topic model fused from a sufficient number of base models

Fenomenologi Imaji dalam Seni: Sebuah Pergeseran Peran Subjek menuju Saksi

Art seems to always deal with subjects, both the artist and the spectator. The awareness that an image is not a concept may provoke those doing and experiencing art to reposition themselves as appreciators of the image. This article shifts the focus from concept to image. Art event is a sort of lectio imaginem, an experience of reading and not merely interpreting the image. Each artwork is transcendent, since every time it will speak differently when reencountered. Yet it might even frightfully reinterpret the audience differently, recreating the identity as a different figure in its eyes. Phenomenologically, the spectators are looked upon by the image through the works of art. The subject is assessed and transformed from I into me, that it becomes a witness in the presence of an image revealing itself. This article is an invitation to maintain the equilibrium between critical and appreciative atitudes, between theory and image, within the world of art. All individuals, without exception, are assessed by art. Perhaps they only need to forbear, to let themselves deluged in the surface, to become the witnesses fascinated before and moved by the saturation of the image