Peran Media Sosial Sebagai Ruang Publik: Tinjauan Filosofis Gagasan Ruang Publik Jürgen Habermas

Jürgen Habermas is a second generation Frankfurt critical theory thinker who offers a new paradigm of critical theory, namely communication. He made an important contribution to the democratic life of complex and pluralistic contemporary society through his theory of communicative action. It offers a procedure for communicating through rational discourse to reach an intersubjective agreement. In a modern democratic country, public space becomes a forum where public opinions and aspirations are conveyed through rational argumentation as a form of control by citizens over the government. This public space is independent and free from state or market control. This article is an analysis of social media and its potential role as a public space, using Habermas’ theoretical framework. Social media has the potential to become a political public space because of its participatory character. Even though implementing social media as a public space is still difficult, social media still has a big influence on democracy and social change. Therefore, social media users need to have and develop their social media literacy which is based on the principles of solidarity, criticality and caution

Book and Film Reviews

Book & Film Reviews is a column in "MELINTAS" containing reviews of books and films published recently that bring different interpretation and inspiration to the fields of philosophy and religion

Multikulturalisme dan Kebijakan Publik: Rekognisi dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Universalisme Interaktif Seyla Benhabib

This article discusses the issue of recognition and protection of community rights in Indonesia in the light of Seyla Benhabib's interactive universalism. The research aims to analyse the challenges and opportunities in pursuing recognition and protection of indigenous peoples within the framework of interactive universalism, by emphasising cultural diversity and the importance of the local context. Interactive universalism concerns about the importance of dialogue, public participation, and the adaptation of democratic principles in preserving indigenous peoples' rights. Here interactive universalism is used to review the state of indigenous peoples' rights in Indonesia. Various public policies have caused conflicts, ranging from land take over to human rights violation, that are detrimental to the existence of indigenous peoples. Public policy as a representation of the state should protect their rights. In this article public policies are reviewed from the perspective of interactive universalism. The review process will consider cultural diversity in order to prevent future problems and to recommend adequate and assured protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This research is a qualitative research using a philosophical approach and literature review to analyse actual problems

Proses Pendidikan dalam Korelasi Pemikiran Paulo Freire dan Spiritualitas Fransiskus Asisi

Paulo Freire's philosophical thinking and the spirituality of Francis of Assisi can inspire the world of education in Indonesia. The reality of educational process in schools in Indonesia still needs further reflection on whether it is truly liberating and transforming those who are involved in the process. In this article, philosophical thinking about a liberating education process is correlated with the Franciscan spirituality which serves as the driving force to realise a more humanising, liberating, and transformative education. The transformative dimension of education can be seen spiritually in the Christian tradition as the experience of repentance, that can happen in the teachers as well as in the students. The philosophical concept of education is used as a basis and rational framework for evaluating the educational process, and then the spiritual inspiration provides a spiritual framework to direct the development of educational process so that it continues to lead to the shared vision that is the goal of Christian educational institutions. This article consists of three parts exploring the philosophical-pedagogical views of Paulo Freire, the spirituality of Francis of Assisi, and the ideas arising from the correlation between the two

Book and Film Reviews

Book & Film Reviews is a column in "MELINTAS" containing reviews of books and films published recently that bring different interpretation and inspiration to the fields of philosophy and religion

The Concept of Emergence in Non-Temporal Photography: A Non-Dualistic Approach

The problem of temporality in photography has invoked a continuous debate concerning the artistic nature of this medium. Previously taken as a different way of seeing, the time signature in a photograph became debatable along with the development of digital photography. Photography’s status as the undisputed evidence of the truth is then no longer relevant. This changes the flow of discourse to a more philosophical one. However, the debate does not provide adequate defence concerning the role of photography in the digital era. The Platonic dualistic approach, especially the Cartesian one, is responsible for this regress. Immanuel Kant introduces transcendental causality to re-examine the Cartesian legacy. This Kantian approach needs to be developed further. Stephen Hawking’s cosmological model of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) working in anti-de Sitter space (ADs) offers a better explanation on this Kantian transcendentalism. The research shows that the non-temporality of photographic images is irrelevant with the development of the medium because Hawking’s approach fits the transcendental interaction proposed by Kant. This article concludes that photography is independent from temporal demands, and that the advancement of photography lies in its potential to pursue non-duality interactions

The Creative Tension between the Universal Church and the Local Church

The universal dimension of the Church does not always go hand in hand with the fact that it has to manifest itself in a local community, that is to say, a local Church presided by a bishop. History has witnessed that sometimes there were tensions between the two. The solutions offered are oftentimes one-sided. One may become either a staunch defender of universality or a radical proponent of the local Church. However, neither of these two positions are fruitful for the growth of the Church worldwide among the faithful: while holding one dimension, one can easily overlook the other. Ecclesiology might have to explore different approaches that can relate these positions, bearing in mind the needs of the local Church and the fatihful. What is needed in dealing with the tension is creativity. The tension may never be resolved without being creative in exploring new ways of constructing local theologies

Melihat ‘Yang Banyak’ pada Web3 melalui Pemikiran Antonio Negri

Modern culture, which began to develop since the 18th century, became a catalyst for the growth of information technology systems, especially the internet, which has now reached the Web 3.0 or Web3 level. At this level, the internet becomes a decentralised space when users have complete autonomy and control over the data they share consensually. However, because it is a force steeped in exploitative and manipulative agendas, Web3 is potentially vulnerable to commodity fetishism and perhaps even a return to forms of domination through capital accumulation. As a result, elements in Web3 that were promoted as resistance to internet privatization have instead become opportunities for exploitative parties to accumulate wealth. This article delves deeper into how Web3 shows the tension between dominant currents and resistance to global multinational power systems. In this context, the authors use Antonio Negri’s perspective in Empire and Multitude to investigate the complex dynamics that occur. By understanding how Web3 interacts with dominant forces and their resistance, one can explore the potential and challenges faced in positioning the development of the internet towards a more inclusive and equitable realm

Implikasi Metafisik dan Epistemologis Mobilitas Virtual di Dunia yang Semakin Termediasi

Humans created screen in the rapid development of technology, and its existence has fundamentally influenced people’s daily lives. One of the things most affected is human understanding of space and time. This article elaborates Anne Friedberg’s ideas in correlation with the views of other thinkers, especially regarding the metaphysical and epistemological impacts of screen to humans’ relation to reality since the pandemic. The metaphysical aspect of the screen concerns the materiality and immateriality of the screen, as well as how the concept of presence is understood in this context. Meanwhile, the epistemological aspect of the screen focuses on issues of perception and how humans understand the world. The metaphysical and epistemological implications of virtual mobility in a world increasingly mediated by 'screens' give rise to several different perspectives that can question the Carthusian and dualistic conceptual framework of reality. Just as plurality is a fact, the mediated world is also a fact. Correcting the metaphysical ‘tradition’ that has been recognised as the most determining rationality will not be an easy effort. In the discourse of science and certainty regarding the existence of reality, perhaps it is not the literal or symbolic screen that must be reinterpreted, but the human perspective itself. A person's point of view cannot be judged as wrong or right, apart from being recognised and respected as an element that forms the very rich reality. Recognising a multi-perspective reality will perhaps mark a return to amazement in the realms of science, philosophy, and life

Kritik Amartya Sen terhadap Naluri, Nalar, dan Nilai dalam Diri Manusia Ekonomi

Every action within the economic policy framework must refer to three main principles, namely growth, social balance and sustainability. These three principles have direct political content. In the context of a state, the study of economic problems cannot be separated from its relationship with politics and government. Meanwhile, each leader, whether executive, legislative or judicial, is an individual with a different character. In this article, the author offers an interpretation and analysis of Amartya Sen’s thoughts regarding how reason should stem the urge to lust. Sen believes that every policy will be correct if it has undergone critical rational testing. Problems such as poverty, hunger, injustice and social inequality have not been resolved because policy makers are still trapped in the prison of strong desires. As a result, they tend to make policies that actually worsen poverty conditions. Therefore, through social assistance policies, people are led to no longer question injustice, but to do what the authorities want