Late medieval Maltese surnames of Arabic and Greek origin

As a contribution to the historical study of Maltese and Greater Sicilian onomastics, this article is an analysis of fifteenth-century Maltese surnames of low frequency (5 or less occurrences in the militia lists of 1419 and 1480) which are of certain Greek or Arabic origin. Each surname is analysed in terms of its etymology, meaning and known geographical distribution in Sicily or elsewhere in Italy.peer-reviewe

Termination Rights and the Real Songwriters

Collaboration--the act of more than one songwriter writing a song--has seldom, if ever, been more popular or prevalent in popular music. A perusal of a recent Billboard Hot 100 singles chart revealed that 85 of the charted songs had more than one writer in their credits. Of the fifteen with single writer credits, thirteen were by the recording artists. The other two were remakes of decades-old hits. More often than not, especially on the pop charts, some of the co-writers are the recording artists or the producers of the recording. Many times these artist and producer co-writers have actually written part of the song. Other times, however, they may have been involved in a deal that granted co-writer credits in exchange for recording the song. What are the implications of the creation of phony co-writer status for the copyright ownership and for the rights of the real authors? This Article attempts to unravel the situation created by overreaching artists and producers. It argues that real authors have a remedy to get their copyrights back by utilizing the statutory right of termination of transfers

Varieties of Capitalism : Some Philosophical and Historical Considerations

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Cambridge Journal of Economics following peer review. The version of record: Goeffry Hodgson, “Varieties of Capitalism: Some Philosophical and Historical Considerations”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 40 (3): 941-960, January 2016. is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/cje/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cje/bev083.The literature on varieties of capitalism has stimulated some authors to challenge notions of ‘essentialism’ and even the concept of capitalism itself. In this essay it is argued that the existence of varieties of capitalism does not rule out the need for, or possibility of, specification or definition of that type. Accordingly, ‘capitalism’ is still a viable term. The critique of ‘essentialism’ is also countered, after clarifying its meaning. In particular, it is pointed out that a suitably-defined ‘essentialism’ does not imply some kind of ontological or explanatory reductionism – ‘economic’ or otherwise. But while adopting what are basically Aristotelian arguments about essences, we need to reject Aristotle’s auxiliary notion that variety generally results from temporary deviations from a representative type or trend. Furthermore, capitalism is a historically specific and relatively recent system: we need to develop a classificatory definition of that system that demarcates it from other past or possible social formations.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Primary Beam Shape Calibration from Mosaicked, Interferometric Observations

Image quality in mosaicked observations from interferometric radio telescopes is strongly dependent on the accuracy with which the antenna primary beam is calibrated. The next generation of radio telescope arrays such as the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) have key science goals that involve making large mosaicked observations filled with bright point sources. We present a new method for calibrating the shape of the telescope's mean primary beam that uses the multiple redundant observations of these bright sources in the mosaic. The method has an analytical solution for simple Gaussian beam shapes but can also be applied to more complex beam shapes through $\chi^2$ minimization. One major benefit of this simple, conceptually clean method is that it makes use of the science data for calibration purposes, thus saving telescope time and improving accuracy through simultaneous calibration and observation. We apply the method both to 1.43 GHz data taken during the ATA Twenty Centimeter Survey (ATATS) and to 3.14 GHz data taken during the ATA's Pi Gigahertz Sky Survey (PiGSS). We find that the beam's calculated full width at half maximum (FWHM) values are consistent with the theoretical values, the values measured by several independent methods, and the values from the simulation we use to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on data from future telescopes such as the expanded ATA and the SKA. These results are preliminary, and can be expanded upon by fitting more complex beam shapes. We also investigate, by way of a simulation, the dependence of the accuracy of the telescope's FWHM on antenna number. We find that the uncertainty returned by our fitting method is inversely proportional to the number of antennas in the array.Comment: Accepted by PASP. 8 pages, 8 figure

Léxico Fataluco-Português

Apresentamos nas páginas seguintes uma edição crítica do Léxico Fataluku-Português do padre salesiano Alfonso María Nácher Lluesa, a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica, histórica e linguística. O livro coloca a reimpressão do trabalho que —sob a dactilografia do manuscrito do padre Nácher— foi efectuado pelo linguista Prof. Geoffrey Hull e que foi publicado na revista Estudos de Línguas e Culturas de Timor-Leste, —hoje desaparecida e de difícil aceso— dividido em duas partes, nos anos de 2003 e 2004. Nesse sentido, o objectivo principal da obra é colocar à disposição dum público amplo e dum público académico a obra do padre Nácher, para que sirva de referência para futuras investigações. Assim, o presente livro também é uma homenagem à pessoa do padre Nácher e aos frutos do seu trabalho como missionário em Timor-Leste. O manuscrito original do padre Nácher recolhe definições em português de léxico e expressões em língua Fataluku, assim como a tradução correspondente nas línguas Tétum e Makasae. O léxico recolhido contém uma quantidade significativa de conceitos e expressões referentes ao património cultural, tanto tangível como intangível (rituais, gastronomia, tarefas agrícolas, tradição oral) dos falantes da língua Fataluku. A presente edição do livro está dividida em duas partes, constituindo a segunda parte a reimpressão do trabalho que o Prof. Hull efectuou sobre o texto do padre Nácher. Além disto, o dicionário é precedido duma primeira parte composta por três artigos inéditos que, a partir da Antropologia Social e Cultural, proporcionam um conhecimento académico que permite a contextualização e a valorização do trabalho realizado na devida altura pelo padre Nácher. Esta primeira parte é composta por um artigo de Frederico Delgado Rosa em que analisa a génese das etnografias feitas por missionários e religiosos em Timor-Leste, em que se inclui a do léxico do padre Nácher. Em segundo lugar, apresenta-se uma história de vida do padre Nácher realizada pelo antropólogo e jornalista Efrén Legaspi Bouza e, finalmente, um texto sobre as relações entre o catolicismo e a religião tradicional a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-antropológica, escrito por Alberto Fidalgo Castro. Manuscrito de Alfonso Nácher, 1984 Digitação de Justino Valentim, 1992 Edição de Geoffrey S. Hull, 2003 e 2004 Presente edição, 2012, coordinada por Alberto Fidalgo Castro e Efrén Legaspi Bouz

Episodic Occurrence of Field‐Aligned Energetic Ions on the Dayside

The tens of kiloelectron volt ions observed in the ring current region at L ~ 3–7 generally have pancake pitch angle distributions, that is, peaked at 90°. However, in this study, by using the Van Allen Probe observations on the dayside, unexpectedly, we have found that about 5% time, protons with energies of ~30 to 50 keV show two distinct populations, having an additional field‐aligned population overlapping with the original pancake population. The newly appearing field‐aligned populations have higher occurrence rates at ~12–16 magnetic local time during geomagnetically active times. In particular, we have studied eight such events in detail and found that the source regions are located around 12 to 18 magnetic local time which coincides with our statistical result. Based on the ionospheric and geosynchronous observations, it is suggested that these energetic ions with field‐aligned pitch angle distributions probably are accelerated near postnoon in association with ionospheric disturbances that are triggered by tail injections.Plain Language SummaryProtons of different sources have different pitch angle distributions (PADs). For example, warm plasma cloak protons, which come directly from the ionosphere, have field‐aligned PADs, while ring current protons that generally originate from tail plasma sheet have pancake‐shaped PADs. In this study, unexpectedly, we have found that about 5% of the time on the dayside, protons of ring current energies show two distinct populations according to their PADs: higher fluxes of field‐aligned populations overlapping with the original pancake populations. The newly appeared field‐aligned populations have higher occurrence rates at ~12–16 magnetic local time during geomagnetically active times. In order to find the mechanism that generates these field‐aligned energetic proton populations, we have studied eight such events in detail by using the low‐altitude DMSP, POES satellites, and the NOAA‐LANL satellite at the geosynchronous orbit. The results imply that these energetic ions with field‐aligned PADs probably are accelerated by ionospheric disturbances that are triggered by tail injections. These results provide evidence of another possibly important source of the ring current ions.Key PointsWe have found that about 5% of the time on the dayside, protons with energies of ~30 to 50 keV have strong field‐aligned PADsThe field‐aligned PADs have higher occurrence rates at ~12‐16 MLT during geomagnetically active timesThese energetic field‐aligned ions possibly are accelerated by ionospheric disturbances triggered by tail injectionsPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153687/1/grl60102_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153687/2/grl60102.pd

Misalignment of magnetic fields and outflows in protostellar cores

We present results of λ1.3 mm dust-polarization observations toward 16 nearby, low-mass protostars, mapped with ∼2.″5 resolution at CARMA. The results show that magnetic fields in protostellar cores on scales of ∼1000 AU are not tightly aligned with outflows from the protostars. Rather, the data are consistent with scenarios where outflows and magnetic fields are preferentially misaligned (perpendicular), or where they are randomly aligned. If one assumes that outflows emerge along the rotation axes of circumstellar disks, and that the outflows have not disrupted the fields in the surrounding material, then our results imply that the disks are not aligned with the fields in the cores from which they forme

TADPOL: A 1.3 mm Survey of Dust Polarization in Star-forming Cores and Regions

We present {\lambda}1.3 mm CARMA observations of dust polarization toward 30 star-forming cores and 8 star-forming regions from the TADPOL survey. We show maps of all sources, and compare the ~2.5" resolution TADPOL maps with ~20" resolution polarization maps from single-dish submillimeter telescopes. Here we do not attempt to interpret the detailed B-field morphology of each object. Rather, we use average B-field orientations to derive conclusions in a statistical sense from the ensemble of sources, bearing in mind that these average orientations can be quite uncertain. We discuss three main findings: (1) A subset of the sources have consistent magnetic field (B-field) orientations between large (~20") and small (~2.5") scales. Those same sources also tend to have higher fractional polarizations than the sources with inconsistent large-to-small-scale fields. We interpret this to mean that in at least some cases B-fields play a role in regulating the infall of material all the way down to the ~1000 AU scales of protostellar envelopes. (2) Outflows appear to be randomly aligned with B-fields; although, in sources with low polarization fractions there is a hint that outflows are preferentially perpendicular to small-scale B-fields, which suggests that in these sources the fields have been wrapped up by envelope rotation. (3) Finally, even at ~2.5" resolution we see the so-called "polarization hole" effect, where the fractional polarization drops significantly near the total intensity peak. All data are publicly available in the electronic edition of this article.Comment: 53 pages, 37 figures -- main body (13 pp., 3 figures), source maps (32 pp., 34 figures), source descriptions (8 pp.). Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplemen