Fonti e testimonianze sulla grancia fiastrense di Lanciano

1Indagine documentaria relativa alla costituzione di una nuova grancia da parte dei monaci di Fiastra nella zona di Camerino, in località LancianoopenopenG. BorriBorri, Giammari

Reconciliation between the Islamic Human Rights and International Law: Prospects and Complications

The relationship between International Human Rights and Islamic Law has been always an arguable debate at the international level. This issue can be considered by jurists in two aspects. First, from National Law perspective, especially in the countries in which the law, to some extent is affected by Islamic rules. Second, by view of International Law to see that to what extent, there would be compatibility or likely contradiction between human rights norms and Islamic Law.Considering the historical aspect of the issue, this article is suggesting that although from the outset, International Law tried to separate religion from policy, but this historical fact would not prevent theoretical conciliation between religion and Human Rights rules. The review of the content of International Human Rights Law reveals that the rules in the systems in most part are compatible. However, in some cases the incompatibility between these two group pf rules is observed. The existence of different basis under Islamic Law and International Law makes the least difference unavoidable. The constant dialogue between Islamic scholars and publicists can decrease this difference in future

Monumentos do direito internacional: Alberico Gentili e Hugo Grotius na construção de uma disciplina (1875–1886)

A minha contribuição investiga um evento pouco conhecido na história do Direito Internacional do século XIX. Os monumentos aos quais aludo no título evocam dois eventos ligados entre si: a tentativa, desde 1875, de erguer com fundos arrecadados por toda a Europa um monumento em forma de estátua para celebrar a figura de Alberico Gentili; o início de um movimento análogo para recordar Hugo Grotius. Em 1886, a silhueta de Grotius encontrará seu lugar na praça principal da cidade de Delft, nos Países Baixos, enquanto o pobre Gentili – em cujo nome essa onda de celebração iniciara – só recebeu o próprio monumento em 1908, na praça da cidade de San Ginesio, sua bela pequena cidade natal das Marcas, na Itália. Os eventos singulares conectados a esses dois monumentos parecem interessantes também porque, entre o imaginário coletivo e a realidade, indicam, para nós, certos aspectos importantes na construção do Direito Internacional do século XIX. O Direito Internacional tornou-se uma “ciência” não apenas através da renovação de método, conceitos, propósitos, mas também através da releitura, reexpressão, até determinado ponto através da invenção de tradições, centradas em precursores, fundadores e seguidores; cosmopolitismo, universalismo e nacionalismo; aspirações pacifistas e espíritos coloniais; em resumo, um entrelaçamento contraditório de razões, representações e elementos simbólicos que não devem ser negligenciados

Spectrum of mutations in Italian patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: New results from the LIPIGEN study

Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elevated plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol that confers an increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Early identification and treatment of FH patients can improve prognosis and reduce the burden of cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this study was to perform the mutational analysis of FH patients identified through a collaboration of 20 Lipid Clinics in Italy (LIPIGEN Study). Methods We recruited 1592 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of definite or probable FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. We performed a parallel sequencing of the major candidate genes for monogenic hypercholesterolemia (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, LDLRAP1, STAP1). Results A total of 213 variants were detected in 1076 subjects. About 90% of them had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. More than 94% of patients carried pathogenic variants in LDLR gene, 27 of which were novel. Pathogenic variants in APOB and PCSK9 were exceedingly rare. We found 4 true homozygotes and 5 putative compound heterozygotes for pathogenic variants in LDLR gene, as well as 5 double heterozygotes for LDLR/APOB pathogenic variants. Two patients were homozygous for pathogenic variants in LDLRAP1 gene resulting in autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia. One patient was found to be heterozygous for the ApoE variant p.(Leu167del), known to confer an FH phenotype. Conclusions This study shows the molecular characteristics of the FH patients identified in Italy over the last two years. Full phenotypic characterization of these patients and cascade screening of family members is now in progress

Ni crede may più essere donna. Un caso di violenza nel ducato di Milano (Parma, 1461)

Le violenze consumate in ambito domestico e familiare, pur essendo tutt’altro che infrequenti in epoca bassomedievale, hanno in genere lasciato scarne tracce di sé negli archivi soprattutto se coinvolgevano donne di basso profilo sociale. appare dunque anomalo lo spazio che i carteggi milanesi dedicano alla violenza di cui, nella primavera del 1461, fu vittima la giovane agnese de Crovaria, prima stuprata e poi selvaggiamente picchiata nell’abitazione parmigiana della ricca famiglia dei conti Manfredi, dove era a servizio. Grazie a queste fonti è stato possibile ricostruire le dinamiche di una violenza avvenuta nel segreto delle mura domestiche, avviando nel contempo una riflessione sul contesto in cui essa ebbe luogo, sulle ragioni dell’interesse delle autorità milanesi per una vicenda che in circostanze normali sarebbe passata sotto silenzio e sulle modalità con le quali fu gestita la situazione. Spicca il ruolo centrale rivestito in questi eventi dalle donne in qualità di vittime ma anche di carnefici: l’episodio di female-on-female violence che segue lo stupro a opera di antonio Manfredi rivela infatti nelle donne che ne sono protagoniste, la moglie e la suocera, un inaspettato potenziale di violenza. DOI 10.17464/9788867742745Despite being a common occurrence in the Later Middle ages, domestic violence hasn’t left many traces in the archives, especially when the victims were women of low social profile. It is, therefore, interesting the presence, within the Milanese Diplomatic Correspondence, of a corpus of letters dealing with an episode of violence which took place in Parma in the spring of 1461 and involved a young girl, agnese de Crovaria, a servant in the household of the Counts Manfredi, who was first raped and then savagely beaten. thanks to these sources, it has been possible to reconstruct the dynamics of a violence which happened in the secrecy of the domestic walls. attention has been also paid to the context in which the violence took place, and to the behavior of Milanese authorities, that acted carefully in handling the case. What stands out is the central role played by women, both as victims and as active participants in the violence: the episode of femaleon- female violence that followed the assault committed by antonio Manfredi reveals, in the women involved, i.e. his wife and his mother-in-law, an unexpected potential for violence. DOI 10.17464/978886774274

Ni crede may più essere donna. Un caso di violenza nel ducato di Milano (Parma, 1461)

Despite being a common occurrence in the Later Middle ages, domestic violence hasn’t left many traces in the archives, especially when the victims were women of low social profile. It is, therefore, interesting the presence, within the Milanese Diplomatic Correspondence, of a corpus of letters dealing with an episode of violence which took place in Parma in the spring of 1461 and involved a young girl, agnese de Crovaria, a servant in the household of the Counts Manfredi, who was first raped and then savagely beaten. thanks to these sources, it has been possible to reconstruct the dynamics of a violence which happened in the secrecy of the domestic walls. attention has been also paid to the context in which the violence took place, and to the behavior of Milanese authorities, that acted carefully in handling the case. What stands out is the central role played by women, both as victims and as active participants in the violence: the episode of femaleon- female violence that followed the assault committed by antonio Manfredi reveals, in the women involved, i.e. his wife and his mother-in-law, an unexpected potential for violence. Keywords: Stupro; violenza; serva; donna; casa; punizione. Rape; violence; servant; woman; household; punishment. DOI 10.17464/978886774274

Lipoprotein(a) Genotype Influences the Clinical Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Background Evidence suggests that LPA risk genotypes are a possible contributor to the clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). This study aimed at determining the prevalence of LPA risk variants in adult individuals with FH enrolled in the Italian LIPIGEN (Lipid Transport Disorders Italian Genetic Network) study, with (FH/M+) or without (FH/M-) a causative genetic variant. Methods and ResultsAn lp(a) [lipoprotein(a)] genetic score was calculated by summing the number risk-increasing alleles inherited at rs3798220 and rs10455872 variants. Overall, in the 4.6% of 1695 patients with clinically diagnosed FH, the phenotype was not explained by a monogenic or polygenic cause but by genotype associated with high lp(a) levels. Among 765 subjects with FH/M- and 930 subjects with FH/M+, 133 (17.4%) and 95 (10.2%) were characterized by 1 copy of either rs10455872 or rs3798220 or 2 copies of either rs10455872 or rs3798220 (lp(a) score >= 1). Subjects with FH/M- also had lower mean levels of pretreatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than individuals with FH/M+ (t test for difference in means between FH/M- and FH/M+ groups <0.0001); however, subjects with FH/M- and lp(a) score >= 1 had higher mean (SD) pretreatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (223.47 [50.40] mg/dL) compared with subjects with FH/M- and lp(a) score=0 (219.38 [54.54] mg/dL for), although not statistically significant. The adjustment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels based on lp(a) concentration reduced from 68% to 42% the proportion of subjects with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level >= 190 mg/dL (or from 68% to 50%, considering a more conservative formula). ConclusionsOur study supports the importance of measuring lp(a) to perform the diagnosis of FH appropriately and to exclude that the observed phenotype is driven by elevated levels of lp(a) before performing the genetic test for FH