Vertrauen: ein beziehungsanalytisches Modell - untersucht am Beispiel der Beziehung von Gemeindegliedern zu ihrem Pfarrer

Soziale Beziehungen sind immer zugleich durch Vertrauensgewinne und -verluste gekennzeichnet. Wie kommen sie zustande? Um diese Frage zu klären, wird aufbauend auf dem Begriff des Systemvertrauens und der Theorie sozialer Identität mit zwei bipolaren Dimensionen der "Vertrauensraum" konstruiert. Die Beziehungswünsche von Klienten wie die Beziehungsgestaltung der professionellen Akteure können darin verortet werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Raumposition der vom Beziehungspartner gewünschten Rolle jeweils verschiedene Vertrauensmerkmale wie Akzeptanz, Ähnlichkeit, Empathie, Konsistenz, Kompetenz und Reputation eine unterschiedliche Bedeutung für die Vertrauensbildung besitzen. Die genannten Vertrauensmerkmale wurden über die Verbindung verschiedener Sozialperspektiven operationalisiert und mit dem Weg-Ziel-Ansatz empirisch am Beispiel der Beziehung von Gemeindegliedern zu ihrem Pfarrer in einer Interviewstudie (43 Personen) und zwei Fragebogenstudien (132 und 614 Personen) überprüft. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die verschiedenen Hypothesen zu Vertrauensbildung und belegen die angenommenen Optimierungsdilemmata in Beziehungen. Mit Blick auf Pastoraltheologie und Führungspsychologie wird erörtert, wie konfligierende Ziele in Beziehungen bewältigt und ethische Prioritäten situationsadäquat gesetzt werden können

Autoinhibition regulates the motility of the C. elegans intraflagellar transport motor OSM-3

OSM-3 is a Kinesin-2 family member from Caenorhabditis elegans that is involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process essential for the construction and maintenance of sensory cilia. In this study, using a single-molecule fluorescence assay, we show that bacterially expressed OSM-3 in solution does not move processively (multiple steps along a microtubule without dissociation) and displays low microtubule-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. However, a point mutation (G444E) in a predicted hinge region of OSM-3's coiled-coil stalk as well as a deletion of that hinge activate ATPase activity and induce robust processive movement. These hinge mutations also cause a conformational change in OSM-3, causing it to adopt a more extended conformation. The motility of wild-type OSM-3 also can be activated by attaching the motor to beads in an optical trap, a situation that may mimic attachment to IFT cargo. Our results suggest that OSM-3 motility is repressed by an intramolecular interaction that involves folding about a central hinge and that IFT cargo binding relieves this autoinhibition in vivo. Interestingly, the G444E allele in C. elegans produces similar ciliary defects to an osm-3–null mutation, suggesting that autoinhibition is important for OSM-3's biological function

Zur Alltagsethik Jugendlicher und Junger Erwachsener zwischen Säkularisierungsparadigma und der These der ‚Wiederkehr der Religion‘ Anschlussmöglichkeiten für eine ‚religiös‘ zu nennende Kommunikation und Bewusstseinsbildung?

Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert die Vorüberlegungen, die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse eines empirischen Forschungsprojekts zur Erforschung von ‚religiösen‘ Orientierungen bei Jugendlichen. Dabei wird allerdings eine neuartige Theoriebasis entwickelt, die es erlaubt, jenseits von eher klischeeartigen Vorstellungen von Religion und Religiosität ein Bild der ‚Transzendenzdimensionen‘ in den Werthaltungen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zu erfassen, um schließlich Bedingungen der Möglichkeit zur Kommunikation mit einer religiös-transzendenten Dimension beschreiben zu können

The submarine tectono-magmatic framework of Cu-Au endowment in the Tabar-to-Feni island chain, PNG

Highlights • Review of the critical processes controlling ore formation in the New Ireland Basin. • Combining geological knowledge of the on- and offshore areas. • New constraints on the origin, timing, and location of pathways for metal-rich melts and fluids. • Significance of microplate tectonics for gold endowment. Abstract The Southwest Pacific region, and Papua New Guinea in particular, is spectacularly endowed with mineral resources, including some of the youngest and richest porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the world. Among them is the giant porphyry-epithermal Ladolam Au deposit on Lihir Island in the Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni (TLTF) island chain, northeast of New Ireland. Its setting within a former forearc basin is very different from most Southwest Pacific porphyry and epithermal deposits. Our synthesis of published and previously unreleased data from ship-based multibeam and seismic studies, satellite gravimetry, geochemistry and geochronology reveals a far more complex crustal structure and composition than is presently understood from the geology of the islands alone. We show that the unique regional Au endowment results from the alignment of various preconditions that are prolific to ore formation: i) hydrous and metal-rich metasomatic veins in the mantle source, ii) second-stage, low volume partial melting due to incipient rifting, iii) high volatile contents and oxygen fugacities of the melts due to preferential melting of hydrous phases in the metasomatic veins, and iv) in the specific case of Lihir, unroofing of the volcanic edifice that led to boiling and rapid metal deposition. This study shows that the location of the Ladolam deposit on Lihir is controlled by large-scale structures that can be traced offshore and are the site of continuing submarine volcanism and epithermal-style Au mineralization. The observed structural framework is dominated by the emergence of trans-lithospheric faults that provided pathways for the melts to the seafloor, near-surface structural focusing of the ascending melts and fluids, and a regional tectonic stress regime that stabilized the conditions over a significant period of time and/or repeatedly. Marine seismic data confirms the complex structure of the TLTF island chain. Each island group sits on tilted blocks that form horst structures separated by half grabens developed due to regional NW-SE-directed extension. Regional compression perpendicular to the extension continues as a result of the transition from subduction to collision at the leading edge of the Ontong Java Plateau. The protracted, transtensional motion between distinct crustal blocks controls the location and timing of magmatism and mineralization. A kinematic link between volcanism at the location of Lihir and the splitting of New Ireland by NE-directed propagation of seafloor spreading in the Manus Basin is suspected. By combining onshore and offshore geology, we propose a new model of the evolution of the New Ireland Basin, magmatism along the TLTF island chain and ultimately ore deposit formation. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating offshore geology and geophysics into models that aim to explain the structural, magmatic, and sedimentary evolution of marginal basins that are host to economic mineral deposits

The yeast dynein Dyn2-Pac11 complex is a dynein dimerization/processivity factor: structural and single-molecule characterization

Studying the role of accessory chains in dynein single-molecule motility shows that the dynein light chain (LC) and intermediate chain (IC) promote motor dimerization, increase velocity, and potentiate processivity. The crystal structure of the yeast LC–IC complex is determined, and the interaction is biochemically characterized.Cytoplasmic dynein is the major microtubule minus end–directed motor. Although studies have probed the mechanism of the C-terminal motor domain, if and how dynein's N-terminal tail and the accessory chains it binds regulate motor activity remain to be determined. Here, we investigate the structure and function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae dynein light (Dyn2) and intermediate (Pac11) chains in dynein heavy chain (Dyn1) movement. We present the crystal structure of a Dyn2-Pac11 complex, showing Dyn2-mediated Pac11 dimerization. To determine the molecular effects of Dyn2 and Pac11 on Dyn1 function, we generated dyn2Δ and dyn2Δpac11Δ strains and analyzed Dyn1 single-molecule motor activity. We find that the Dyn2-Pac11 complex promotes Dyn1 homodimerization and potentiates processivity. The absence of Dyn2 and Pac11 yields motors with decreased velocity, dramatically reduced processivity, increased monomerization, aggregation, and immobility as determined by single-molecule measurements. Deleting dyn2 significantly reduces Pac11-Dyn1 complex formation, yielding Dyn1 motors with activity similar to Dyn1 from the dyn2Δpac11Δ strain. Of interest, motor phenotypes resulting from Dyn2-Pac11 complex depletion bear similarity to a point mutation in the mammalian dynein N-terminal tail (Loa), highlighting this region as a conserved, regulatory motor element