Desarrollo de la comprensión en lectura inferencial del grado noveno de un Colegio Público de Bogotá

Esta investigación, enmarcada en la línea de Comunicación y lenguaje de la Maestría en Educación, se centra en describir la capacidad que tiene un conjunto de estrategias metodológicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje para desarrollar la comprensión de lectura inferencial en estudiantes del grado noveno de un Colegio del Distrito. El proyecto se plantea desde un enfoque participativo de investigación – acción con el objetivo de contribuir con la mejora de la práctica pedagógica de los docentes objeto de intervención. Se buscó analizar y describir en qué casos las variables de la práctica pedagógica y la dimensión afectiva del profesor se pueden asociar positivamente con la mejora de los procesos de comprensión de lectura inferencial. Se identificaron dos grupos de intervención y se realizaron dos pruebas para establecer la base inicial y el estado final de la habilidad en comprensión de lectura inferencial. Se encontró que en las prácticas pedagógicas asociadas con el mejor desarrollo de la comprensión de lectura inferencial, el diseño, planeación y ejecución del plan de estudios está orientado por los principios del modelo pedagógico socio cultural y el método de interestructuración, se proponen objetivos constructivos y críticos frente a la lectura, se toman en consideración los conocimientos previos e intereses de los estudiantes, se concibe la compresión lectora desde un enfoque sociocultural y psicolingüístico, y las estrategias de comprensión se dan en espacios de socialización, discusión y construcción conjunta de saberes.Abstract. This research, part of the line of Communication and Language of the Master in Education, focuses on describing the ability of a set of methodological teaching and learning strategies to develop an understanding of inferential reading of ninth grade public school students. The project arises from a participatory research-action approach with the aim of contributing to the improvement of pedagogical practice of teachers, subjects of intervention. We sought to analyze and describe the cases in which the variables of educational practice and teacher affective dimension can be associated positively with improved processes of understanding of the inferential reading. Two intervention groups were identified and two tests are performed to establish the initial base and the final state of the ability inferential reading comprehension. It was found that in teaching practices associated with the better development of the understanding of inferential reading the design, planning and implementation of the curriculum is guided by the principles of teaching socio cultural model and method of interestructuración, constructive and critical objectives are proposed concerning reading, take into consideration the background and interests of students, reading comprehension is conceived from a sociocultural and psycholinguistic approach, and comprehension strategies occur in socialization and constant discussion spaces and joint construction of knowledge.Maestrí

Human Milk Feeding for Septic Newborn Infants Might Minimize Their Exposure to Ventilation Therapy

Background. It has been well established that human milk feeding contributes to limiting lung diseases in vulnerable neonates. The primary aim of this study was to compare the need for mechanical ventilation between human milk-fed neonates with sepsis and formula-fed neonates with sepsis. Methods. All late preterm and full-term infants from a single center with sepsis findings from 2002 to 2017 were identified. Data on infant feeding during hospital admission were also recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of feeding type on ventilation support and main neonatal morbidities. Results. The total number of participants was 322 (human milk group = 260; exclusive formula group = 62). In the bivariate analysis, 72% of human milk-fed neonates did not require oxygen therapy or respiratory support versus 55% of their formula-fed counterparts (p < 0.0001). Accordingly, invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 9.2% of any human milk-fed infants versus 32% of their exclusively formula-fed counterparts (p = 0.0085). These results held true in multivariate analysis; indeed, any human milk-fed neonates were more likely to require less respiratory support (OR = 0.44; 95% CI:0.22, 0.89) than those who were exclusively formula-fed. Conclusion. Human milk feeding may minimize exposure to mechanical ventilation

Laser-induced periodic surface structures on ZnO thin film for high response NO2 detection

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic structures (LIPSS) have been processed on ZnO thin film gas sensor devices for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection. From the morphology point of view, the nanostructures have been identified as high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) with an average period of 145 nm. Through Raman analysis, a decrease of the typical wurtzite ZnO structure is shown, with a possible increase of defects such as Zn interstitials. The response under NO2 is enhanced if compared with the only-annealed ZnO thin film for concentrations as low as 1 ppm, reaching 1 ppb of detection limit (LOD) for the sensors with LIPSS. The Zn interstitials defects could be the source of the adsorbed NO2 species increasing the sensitivity. Reproducible results have been measured during 11 weeks in a row

Condiciones sociales presentes en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

La diabetes mellitus es un padecimiento que afecta a una buena cantidad de personas en el mundo, se estima que alrededor de 170 millones de personas en el mundo aquejan este padecimiento y se considera que esta cifra seguramente se incrementará, calculándose que se acrecentará en 100% para el año 2030. Al presente constituye una de las primeras causas de solicitud de atención en los sistemas de salud en México; sin duda motivado por el incremento de la esperanza de vida de la población ya que las nfermedades crónicas pueden estar adyacentes de forma habitual, particularmente en las personas en edad madur

Total diet study of iodine and the contribution of milk in the exposure of the catalan population

Iode; Llet; DietaIodine; Milk; DietYodo; Leche; DietaEstudi que analitza l’exposició dietètica de iode, amb especial èmfasi a la llet, i avalúa el possible risc per a la salut, per excés o per defecte, derivats de la ingesta dietètica de iode per la població catalana.Estudio que analiza la exposición dietética de yodo, con especial énfasis en la leche, y evalua el posible riesgo para la salud, por exceso o por defecto, derivados de la ingestión dietética de yodo para la población catalana.This study estimates the dietary exposure of iodine, with particular emphasis on milk, and it evaluates the possible risk to health due to an excessive or insufficient intake of iodine in the diet by the Catalan population

The role of human milk feeds on inotrope use in newborn infants with sepsis

BackgroundRegarding neonatal hypotension, there is no certainty as to whether inotrope properties are beneficial or whether they may be harmful. However, given that the antioxidant content of human milk plays a compensatory role in neonatal sepsis and that human milk feeding has direct effects in modulating the cardiovascular function of sick neonates, this research hypothesized that human milk feeds might predict lower requirements of vasopressors in the management of neonatal septic shock.MethodBetween January 2002 and December 2017, all late preterm and full-term infants attending a neonatal intensive care unit, with clinical and laboratory findings of bacterial or viral sepsis, were identified in a retrospective study. During their first month of life, data on feeding type and early clinical characteristics were collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine the impact of human milk on the use of vasoactive drugs in septic newborns.Results322 newborn infants were eligible to participate in this analysis. Exclusively formula-fed infants were more likely to be delivered via C-section, to have a lower birth weight and a lower 1-minute Apgar score than their counterparts. Human milk-fed newborns had 77% (adjusted OR = 0.231; 95% CI: 0.07–0.75) lower odds of receiving vasopressors than exclusively formula-fed newborns.ConclusionWe report that any human milk feeding is associated with a decrease in the need for vasoactive medications in sepsis-affected newborns. This observation encourages us to undertake further research to determine whether human milk feeds mitigate the use of vasopressors in neonates with sepsis

Radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis after prostate cancer radiotherapy : factors associated to hospitalization and treatment strategies

Late onset of radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (RHC) after radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may present or evolve severely, requiring hospitalization with invasive interventions. In the present study, we have analysed the prevalence and risk factors associated with the onset of RHC. From January 2002 to May 2017, 1421 patients undertook RT for PCa as a primary, adjuvant, or salvage treatment option. RHC presented in 5.6% (n = 80) of the patients; the diagnosis was based on clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Variables in observation included patients, tumours, and RT-dosimetry characteristics. Patients with a previous history of bladder cancer were excluded. Univariate (Student t /Chi square) and uni-/multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed; the events and time-points were hospitalization and time-to-event, respectively. There were 80 patients with a mean age at RT of 70.1 years (SD 6.4), mean time lag to RHC of 43.9 months (SD 37.5). Median Emergency attendance was two and three times for patients without/with hospitalization, respectively. There were in total 64 admissions with invasive treatment required in 26/36 (72.2%) of the patients hospitalised, including transurethral fulguration in 22 and radical cystectomy in 5. Patients at higher risk of hospitalization were those undertaking antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatment (HR:3.30; CI 95%:1.53-3.30; p = 0.002) and those treated with salvage RT with higher bladder volume receiving >70 Gy (bladder V70) (HR:1.03; CI 95%:1.01-1.05; p = 0.027). At receiving operating characteristic analysis, the cutoff for bladder V70 was 29%. Nearly half of patients presenting RHC may require invasive treatment including cystectomy. Risk factors associated with hospitalization are patients undertaking antiplatelet/coagulant treatment and bladder V70 > 29% in salvage RT patients

Risk model for prostate cancer using environmental and genetic factors in the spanish multi-case-control (MCC) study

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Its etiology remains largely unknown compared to other common cancers. We have developed a risk stratification model combining environmental factors with family history and genetic susceptibility. 818 PCa cases and 1,006 healthy controls were compared. Subjects were interviewed on major lifestyle factors and family history. Fifty-six PCa susceptibility SNPs were genotyped. Risk models based on logistic regression were developed to combine environmental factors, family history and a genetic risk score. In the whole model, compared with subjects with low risk (reference category, decile 1), those carrying an intermediate risk (decile 5) had a 265% increase in PCa risk (OR = 3.65, 95% CI 2.26 to 5.91). The genetic risk score had an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.66 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.68). When adding the environmental score and family history to the genetic risk score, the AUROC increased by 0.05, reaching 0.71 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.74). Genetic susceptibility has a stronger risk value of the prediction that modifiable risk factors. While the added value of each SNP is small, the combination of 56 SNPs adds to the predictive ability of the risk model