Do authentic data mean authentic learning? On the use of authentic samples and (in)authentic activities in teaching and learning dialogue interpreting

For some time now, research on Dialogue Interpreting (DI) has relied on data collected in real life situations, recorded and transcribed in order to analyse their discoursal and interactional features. A number of studies (e.g. Wadensjo 1998; Davidson 2000, 2002; Mason 1999, 2006) have highlighted that interpreting in interactions does not necessarily occur turn by turn, may include sequences involving the interpreter and only one of the interlocutors, may take forms different from the turns it refers to, by e.g. expanding or reducing their content. These findings have recently been taken up in DI teaching and training, in which authentic data - recorded and transcribed - are being increasingly used with learners or trainees to highlight relevant interactional features or for the students to engage in similar situations. The debate on the use of authentic data in teaching and learning is however not new and raises a series of problems which need to be considered when engaging in DI teaching. In what follows, I summarize the debate on the relationship between authentic data and authentic learning (section 2), and then illustrate some issues deriving from analysis of authentic DI interaction which may be relevant in DI learning and training (section 3). Through the observation of a roleplay activity, I then show that translating these insights into learning tasks is not easy and needs ad hoc research (section 4). Section 5 offers some concluding thoughts

Language mediation in schools. The case of parent-teacher meetings.

This chapter focuses on interpreter-mediated interactions between teachers and migrant parents. The chapter includes a review of studies on interpreter-mediated interactions in schools, a description of the data and methodology adopted and the discussion of our data. The main corpus of data consists in audio-recorded interpreter-mediated interactions between teachers and foreign-speaking parents in Italian contexts, largely in primary schools. Interpreting is provided by professional intercultural mediators, who are employed to provide interpreting service in many Italian public areas. The teachers participating in the interactions all speak Italian while parents are of diverse provenances and they speak Chinese, Twi, Arabic, Urdu and Albanian. The main issues dealt with in our interpreter-mediated interactions concern the children’s performance, both at school and during education activities at home (mainly homework). Some reflections are drawn on the ways in which language mediation may affect school–family communication when the families are migrant

Evidence of diffusive fractal aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser ablation at ambient conditions

The specific mechanisms which leads to the formation of fractal nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition remain elusive despite intense research efforts, motivated mainly by the technological interest in obtaining tailored nanostructures with simple and scalable production methods. Here we focus on fractal nanostructures of titanium dioxide, $TiO_2$, a strategic material for many applications, obtained by femtosecond laser ablation at ambient conditions. We model the fractal formation through extensive Monte Carlo simulations based on a set of minimal assumptions: irreversible sticking and size independent diffusion. Our model is able to reproduce the fractal dimensions and the area distributions of the nanostructures obtained in the experiments for different densities of the ablated material. The comparison of theory and experiment show that such fractal aggregates are formed after landing of the ablated material on the substrate surface by a diffusive mechanism. Finally we discuss the role of the thermal conductivity of the substrate and the laser fluence on the properties of the fractal nanostructures. Our results represent an advancement towards controlling the production of fractal nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition.Comment: 21 page

Aportació al coneixement de l"herbari Trèmols de l"Institut Botànic de Barcelona.

The herbarium BC-Trèmols was created during the second half of the 19th century by the Catalan chemist and botanist Frederic Trèmols Borrell. Between 1930 and 1960, the technician Antoni Marcos carried out a thorough review. The current collection consists of approximately 9000 specimen sheets; is made up of 58 volumes reordered by Marcos,two volumes with the original structure, four boxes of Hieracium and 85 boxes with additional material. Up to now 22 volumes and four boxes of Hieracium have been computerized (3695 specimens); we made an inventory at genus level of all volumes, and we computerized the original catalogue of the herbarium and the existing taxonomical fiches. We have also developed a preliminary inventory of the contents of the extra boxes. The analysis of these 3695 herbarium specimens clearly shows that it mainly consists of samples obtained by exchange (67.1%) especially within the Société Helvétique pour l"Échange des Plantes and the Societat Botànica Barcelonesa. Among the materials studied we found two specimens regarded as interesting from a taxonomical and/or nomenclatural point of view (isotypes of Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss. and of Arenaria minutiflora Loscos). Therefore, the main interest of the herbarium lies in the diversity of the geographical provenance of plants, which makes of this collection one of the first"pan-European herbaria" in Catalonia

Time-sensitive autonomous architectures

Autonomous and software-defined vehicles (ASDVs) feature highly complex systems, coupling safety-critical and non-critical components such as infotainment. These systems require the highest connectivity, both inside the vehicle and with the outside world. An effective solution for network communication lies in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) which enables high-bandwidth and low-latency communications in a mixed-criticality environment. In this work, we present Time-Sensitive Autonomous Architectures (TSAA) to enable TSN in ASDVs. The software architecture is based on a hypervisor providing strong isolation and virtual access to TSN for virtual machines (VMs). TSAA latest iteration includes an autonomous car controlled by two Xilinx accelerators and a multiport TSN switch. We discuss the engineering challenges and the performance evaluation of the project demonstrator. In addition, we propose a Proof-of-Concept design of virtualized TSN to enable multiple VMs executing on a single board taking advantage of the inherent guarantees offered by TSN

Up to 10.7-Gb/s high-PDG RSOA-based colorless transmitter for WDM networks

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Silagem de soja no enriquecimento de dietas compostas por silagem de ponta de cana-de-açúcar. 1 - Consumo de nutrientes.

Conduziu-se o estudo com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de ovinos alimentados com dietas compostas por silagem da ponta de cana-de-açúcar enriquecida com silagem de soja. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros da raça Morada Nova com idade média de 75 dias e peso vivo médio de 16,98 kg ± 2,62 kg. Avaliaram-se as seguintes dietas: T1= 20% de silagem da ponta de cana + 80% de concentrado; T2= 20% de silagem da ponta de cana + 30% de silagem de soja + 50% de concentrado; T3= 20% de silagem da ponta de cana + 60% de silagem de soja + 20% de concentrado. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com oito repetições. Foram avaliados os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, nitrogênio contido na fibra em detergente neutro (nFDN) e na fibra em detergente ácido (nFDA). Dietas compostas por silagem de ponta de cana-de-açúcar enriquecida com silagem de soja + concentrado proporcionam maior consumo de nutrientes. A utilização de silagem de soja para enriquecer o teor protéico de dietas compostas por silagem de ponta de cana-de-açúcar fica na dependência do custo para aquisição de concentrado protéico ou produção de proteína na propriedade por meio da ensilagem da planta de soja

Hpv-specific systemic antibody responses and memory b cells are independently maintained up to 6 years and in a vaccine-specific manner following immunization with cervarix and gardasil in adolescent and young adult women in vaccination programs in Italy

Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infections are associated with cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases and tumors. Thus, the characterization of long lasting immunity to currently available HPV vaccines is important. A total of 149 female subjects vaccinated with Cervarix or Gardasil participated to the study and they were stratified according to age (10–12-year-old and 16–20-year-old). Humoral immune responses (IgG and neutralizing antibody titers, antibody avidity) and circulating memory B cells were analyzed after an average of 4–6 years from the third immunization. The humoral responses against HPV-16 and HPV-18 (and HPV-6 and HPV- 11 for Gardasil) were high in both age groups and vaccines up to six years from the third dose. However, Cervarix induced significantly higher and more persistent antibody responses, while the two vaccines were rather equivalent in inducing memory B cells against HPV-16 and HPV-18. Moreover, the percentage of subjects with vaccine-specific memory B cells was even superior among Gardasil vaccinees and, conversely, Cervarix vaccinated individuals with circulating antibodies, but undetectable memory B cells were found. Finally, a higher proportion of Cervarix-vaccinated subjects displayed cross-neutralizing responses against non-vaccine types HPV-31 and HPV-45. Gardasil and Cervarix may, thus, differently affect long-lasting humoral immunity from both the quantitative and qualitative point of view