Aktuelle Trends bei der in vitro-Substanztestung in Deutschland und in der Schweiz

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Controls on the Geometry and Evolution of Deep-water Fold Thrust Belt of the NW Borneo.

The key driving mechanisms for establishing deep-water fold-thrust belt are either lithospheric stress or gravity-driven associated with margin instability or a combination of both. Despite long academic interest, we still lack of detailed understanding of the interaction between the deformation mechanisms (gravity- and tectonic-driven). The results of an evaluation of the interaction between the deformation mechanisms, with focused attention upon the NW Borneo deep-water fold-thrust belt, are reported. A methodology integrating a detailed structural analysis of the deep-water fold-thrust belt from the available subsurface data and equivalent onshore outcrop is utilized in this study. Detailed structural analysis of 2D seismic profiles is used to present a basin-scale seismic-stratigraphic framework and detailed description of the general appearance of the deformational style along the deltaic system. Sub-seismic scale investigation of well-exposed outcrops onshore NW Sabah is used to extract information on onshore tectonic deformation, making it possible to evaluate the differences of structural architecture related to different deformation mechanisms. The result has led to an improved understanding of the regional-scale structural geometry along the NW Borneo margin. Regional scale cross-sections are used to demonstrate a regional-scale analysis of the NW Borneo margin that includes structural restoration. The results allow an assessment of the relative timing of deformation, the domain interaction and the possible processes and parameters that control deformation. This has led to an improved insight relating to the kinematic nature of the allochthon and the interaction between the deformation mechanisms. Structural restorations are also used to evaluate of areas of compressionally and extensionally dominated systems, in order to verify the main proses responsible for the margin evolution. This study illustrates outcrop-scale to seismic-scale analysis and quantitative measurements combined with seismic interpretations, with the aim to identify the interaction between gravity-and tectonic-driven deformation, and their controls on the geometry and evolution of deep-water fold-thrust systems. Additionally, the margin evolution and the implications on NW Borneo are evaluated

Biofilm formation by the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: process, repeatability and cell attachment in a continuous biofilm reactor

Yeast biofilms contribute to quality impairment of industrial processes and also play an important role in clinical infections. Little is known about biofilm formation and their treatment. The aim of this study was to establish a multi-layer yeast biofilm model using a modified 3.7 l bench-top bioreactor operated in continuous mode (D = 0.12 h−1). The repeatability of biofilm formation was tested by comparing five bioprocesses with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a strain isolated from washing machines. The amount of biofilm formed after 6 days post inoculation was 83 μg cm−2 protein, 197 μg cm−2 polysaccharide and 6.9 × 106 CFU cm−2 on smooth polypropylene surfaces. Roughening the surface doubled the amount of biofilm but also increased its spatial variability. Plasma modification of polypropylene significantly reduced the hydrophobicity but did not enhance cell attachment. The biofilm formed on polypropylene coupons could be used for sanitation studies

Mechanical characteristics of beta sheet-forming peptide hydrogels are dependent on peptide sequence, concentration and buffer composition

Self-assembling peptide hydrogels can be modified regarding their biodegradability, their chemical and mechanical properties and their nanofibrillar structure. Thus, self assembling peptide hydrogels might be suitable scaffolds for regenerative therapies and tissue engineering. Owing to the use of various peptide concentrations and buffer compositions, the self-assembling peptide hydrogels might be influenced regarding their mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the mechanical properties and stability of a set of self-assembling peptide hydrogels, consisting of 11 amino acids, made from four beta sheet self-assembling peptides in various peptide concentrations and buffer compositions were studied. The formed self-assembling peptide hydrogels exhibited stiffnesses ranging from 0.6 to 205 kPa. The hydrogel stiffeness affected by peptide sequence followed by peptide concentration and buffer composition. All self-assembling peptide hydrogels examined provided a nanofibrillar network formation. A maximum self-assembling peptide hydrogel dissolution of 20% was observed for different buffers solution after 7 days. The stability regarding enzymatic and bacterial digestion showed less degradation in comparison to the self-assembling peptide hydrogel dissolution rate in buffer. The tested set of self-assembling peptide hydrogels were able to form stable scaffolds and provided a broad spectrum of tissue-specific stiffnesses that are suitable for a regenerative therapy.Funding Agencies|credentis AG (Windisch, Switzerland); Commission for Technology and Innovation (CTI, Switzerland) [17310.1 PFLS-LS]; Commission for Technology and Innovation (CTI, Forschungsfond Aargau project, Switzerland) [20150831_11]</p