A construção jurídica de uma política de notáveis: o jogo duplo da elite do judiciário indiano no mercado da virtude cívica

A construção legal de uma política de notáveis. A história do Bar Indiano ilustra os fatores sociais que determinam o entrelaçamento entre direito e política – assim como seus altos e baixos. Assim, a mobilização do Bar contra o estado de emergência imposto por Indira Gandhi não foi suficiente para restaurar seu crédito político, obtido durante as lutas pela independência e perdido por conta da sua oposição às reformas agrárias. Por outro lado, ao tornarse a heroína dos desprivilegiados, a Suprema Corte emergiu como o árbitro de querelas políticas. Isto pode ser visto como uma divisão simbólica do trabalho no campo do poder

Transnational Governance as Contested Institution-Building: China, Merchants, and Contract Rules in the Cotton Trade

We are in an era of uncertainty over whose rules will govern global economic integration. With the growing market share of Chinese firms and the power of the Chinese state it is unclear if Western firms will continue to dominate transnational governance. Exploring these dynamics through a study of contract rules in the global cotton trade, this article conceptualizes commodity chain governance as a contested process of institution-building. To this end, the global commodity chain/global value chain (GCC/GVC) framework must be revised to better account for the broader institutional context of commodity chain governance, institutional variation across space, and strategic action in the construction of legitimate governance arrangements. I provide a more dynamic model of GCC governance that stresses how strategic action, existing institutions, and dominant discourses intersect as firms and states compete for institutional power within a commodity chain. This advances our understandings of how commodity chain governance emerges and changes over time

Les usages nationaux d’une science « globale » : la diffusion de nouveaux paradigmes économiques comme stratégie hégémonique et enjeu domestique dans les champs nationaux de reproduction des élites d’État

Cet article analyse la production et la diffusion internationale des savoirs d’État, comme l’économie, d’un triple point de vue : les stratégies hégémoniques de la guerre froide, les rivalités professionnelles entre juristes et économistes dans les champs nationaux du pouvoir d’État et l’internationalisation des filières savantes de reproduction des élites nationales. Afin de comprendre les obstacles qui ont freiné la pénétration du paradigme néolibéral en Asie, il revient d’abord sur la genèse autoritaire de ces nouveaux champs de savoir économique, en tant qu’instrument des politiques de développement mis en place par les dictatures de la guerre froide, comme celles de Suharto en Indonésie et de Marcos aux Philippines. Dans un deuxième temps, en s’appuyant sur les exemples de l’Inde et de la Corée du Sud, il analyse l’institutionnalisation et la consolidation de ces nouveaux champs professionnels sur la base d’une division internationale du travail scientifique, dans laquelle les grands campus nord américains dominent la production théorique et les filières de reproduction des élites périphériques.This paper analyses the production and international diffusion of different forms of State expertise, such as economics, from a threefold perspective: hegemonic strategies structured around the Cold War, professional rivalries between lawyers and economists within the field of state power and the internationalisation of the academic circuits for the reproduction of national elites. In order to understand the relatively low (or delayed) introduction of neo-liberal paradigm in Asia, it starts by highlighting the authoritarian genesis of these new fields of economic expertise, as an instrument for the developmental policies launched by the Cold War dictatures, such as Suharto in Indonesia or Marcos in the Philippinnes. Then, by focusing on the cases of India and South Corea, it analyses how the processes of institutionnalisation and consolidation of these new professional fields was structured around an international division of scientific labour, in which the elite US campuses control both the production of theoretical innovation and the academic networks for the reproduction of the elites of the periphery