Formulation of Aqueous Dispersions of PEKK by a Quantitative Structure Property Relationship Approach and Application to Thermoplastic Sizing on Carbon Fiberss

The development of formulations for thermoplastic sizing on carbon fibers requires water dispersions of small polymer particles (< 20 µm). PolyEtherKetoneKetone (PEKK) is a high-performance polymer used as a matrix in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) or as a sizing agent. To limit the formulation steps and the use of organic solvents, the sonofragmentation process can be used to deagglomerate polymers, directly in the final aqueous formulation. The sonofragmentation process is controlled by multiple parameters and, in order to identify the key parameters, a quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) study was performed using artificial neural networks (ANN). The 40 formulations of this study were characterized with the aim of quantifying the sonofragmentation effect. Various physicochemical techniques were used: Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), destabilization velocity of the dispersions by analytical centrifugation, and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained showed that only two parameters (mass concentration of surfactant and duration of sonication) had a notable effect on the sonofragmentation process. By controlling these two parameters, it was possible to define a design space in the stability domain of the formulations and to calculate a sonofragmentation efficiency (ϕ) for four singular zones. Image analysis showed that the sonofragmentation process was accompanied by an increase in the number of particles with Particle size (Ps) < 20 µm. In optimized aqueous formulations, the majority of particles should have Ps < 20 µm

Les styles du commencement de l'année dans le Midi. L'emploi de l'année pisane en pays toulousain et Languedoc

Garrigues Damien. Les styles du commencement de l'année dans le Midi. L'emploi de l'année pisane en pays toulousain et Languedoc . In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 53, N°211, 1941. pp. 237-270

Chanoine Jean Contrasty. Histoire de la Cité de Rieux-Volvestre et de ses Évêques. Toulouse, Sistac, 19З6 ; préface de M. Marcel Aubert

Garrigues Damien. Chanoine Jean Contrasty. Histoire de la Cité de Rieux-Volvestre et de ses Évêques. Toulouse, Sistac, 19З6 ; préface de M. Marcel Aubert. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 50, N°197, 1938. pp. 73-82

Jean Décap (1863-1934)

Garrigues Damien. Jean Décap (1863-1934). In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 49, N°194, 1937. pp. 211-212

Livres annoncés sommairement

Calmette Joseph, Garrigues Damien. Livres annoncés sommairement. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 47, N°188, 1935. pp. 444-449

A Single-Level Tunnel Model To Account For Electrical Transport Through Single Molecule-And Self-Assembled Monolayer-Based Junctions

We present a theoretical analysis aimed at understanding electrical conduction in molecular tunnel junctions. We focus on discussing the validity of coherent versus incoherent theoretical formulations for single-level tunneling to explain experimental results obtained under a wide range of experimental conditions, including measurements in individual molecules connecting the leads of electromigrated single-electron transistors and junctions of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of molecules sandwiched between two macroscopic contacts. We show that the restriction of transport through a single level in solid state junctions (no solvent) makes coherent and incoherent tunneling formalisms indistinguishable when only one level participates in transport. Similar to Marcus relaxation processes in wet electrochemistry, the thermal broadening of the Fermi distribution describing the electronic occupation energies in the electrodes accounts for the exponential dependence of the tunneling current on temperature. We demonstrate that a single-level tunnel model satisfactorily explains experimental results obtained in three different molecular junctions (both single-molecule and SAM-based) formed by ferrocene-based molecules. Among other things, we use the model to map the electrostatic potential profile in EGaIn-based SAM junctions in which the ferrocene unit is placed at different positions within the molecule, and we find that electrical screening gives rise to a strongly non-linear profile across the junction

The efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the improvement of walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease with intermittent claudication: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial: the TENS-PAD study

International audienceBackground: In patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), walking improvements are often limited by early pain onset due to vascular claudication. It would thus appear interesting to develop noninvasive therapeutic strategies, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), to improve the participation of PAD patients in rehabilitation programmes, and thus improve their quality of life. Our team recently tested the efficacy of a single 45-min session of 10-Hz TENS prior to walking. TENS significantly delayed pain onset and increased the pain-free walking distance in patients with class-II PAD. We now seek to assess the efficacy of a chronic intervention that includes the daily use of TENS for 3 weeks (5 days a week) on walking distance in Leriche-Fontaine stage-II PAD patients.Methods/design: This is a prospective, double-blind, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred subjects with unilateral PAD (Leriche-Fontaine stage II) will be randomised into two groups (1:1). For the experimental group (TENS group): the treatment will consist of stimulation of the affected leg (at a biphasic frequency of 10 Hz, with a pulse width of 200 mu s, maximal intensity below the motor threshold) for 45 min per day, in the morning before the exercise rehabilitation programme, for 3 weeks, 5 days per week. For the control group (SHAM group): the placebo stimulation will be delivered according to the same modalities as for the TENS group but with a voltage level automatically falling to zero after 10 s of stimulation. First outcome: walking distance without pain. Secondary outcomes: transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measured during a Strandness exercise test, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), endothelial function (EndoPAT (R)), Ankle-brachial Pressure Index, Body Mass Index, lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides), fasting glycaemia, HbA1c level, and the WELCH questionnaire.Discussion: TENS-PAD is the first randomised controlled trial that uses transcutaneous electrical therapy as an adjuvant technique to improve vascular function in the treatment of PAD. If the results are confirmed, this technique could be incorporated into the routine care in cardiovascular rehabilitation centers and used in the long term by patients to improve their walking capacity

A single-level tunnel model to account for electrical transport through single molecule-and self-assembled monolayer-based junctions

We present a theoretical analysis aimed at understanding electrical conduction in molecular tunnel junctions. We focus on discussing the validity of coherent versus incoherent theoretical formulations for single-level tunneling to explain experimental results obtained under a wide range of experimental conditions, including measurements in individual molecules connecting the leads of electromigrated single-electron transistors and junctions of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of molecules sandwiched between two macroscopic contacts. We show that the restriction of transport through a single level in solid state junctions (no solvent) makes coherent and incoherent tunneling formalisms indistinguishable when only one level participates in transport. Similar to Marcus relaxation processes in wet electrochemistry, the thermal broadening of the Fermi distribution describing the electronic occupation energies in the electrodes accounts for the exponential dependence of the tunneling current on temperature. We demonstrate that a single-level tunnel model satisfactorily explains experimental results obtained in three different molecular junctions (both single-molecule and SAM-based) formed by ferrocene-based molecules. Among other things, we use the model to map the electrostatic potential profile in EGaIn-based SAM junctions in which the ferrocene unit is placed at different positions within the molecule, and we find that electrical screening gives rise to a strongly non-linear profile across the junction

Associations of Lumbar Scoliosis with Presentation of Suspected Early Axial Spondyloarthritis

International audienc

The French ICOS ecosystems stations : an overview

National audienceThe terrestrial biosphere interacts strongly with the climate, providing both positive and negative feedbacks due to biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes. To understand and predict the evolution of the climate, it is critical to understand both the contribution of vegetation to the greenhouse gases (GHG) budget and the response of the terrestrial biosphere to the changing climate. The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), a new European monitoring network, offers a unique way of documenting and quantifying long term changes in the GHG balance of ecosystems. The ICOS research infrastructure includes atmospheric, ecosystem and marine station networks. The Ecosystem station network (ESN) of ICOS is based on a large number of monitoring stations that will be maintained for the next 20 years. The ESN uses a large set of standardised instruments to perform continuous and intensive measurements of meteorological and micrometeorological variables. A central part of this measurement set is the eddy covariance measurement, that allows a continuous monitoring of the flux exchanged between vegetation and atmosphere. All together these standardised observations allow a better understanding of the functioning of ecosystems in relation to climate and management practices. ICOS Ecosystems France, the French part of ESN is a cooperation of three research institutes: INRA, CNRS and ANDRA. ICOS Ecosystems France is extensive and includes eight observation stations ( 4 Class 1, 4 Class 2). In addition seven associated stations also contribute to the network. The network samples a wide range of ecosystems (forest, crop and grassland), of management practices and climates (from cold mountain climate to tropical humid in Guyana, including wet oceanic and dry Mediterranean climate). We will provide an overview of the stations and the measurement system (sensors and data flow). We will equally present the current status of the network, recent measurements and preliminary findings