Studying the Performance of a Firewall in Network Courses

This paper presents a simple simulation model of a firewall to derive several performance metrics and briefly argues on the importance and value of modeling and simulation in courses that study various aspects of perimeter defense in network security. The simulation model mentioned previously is part of an effort by faculty of our department to develop a multi-disciplinary repository of computational models that includes object-oriented discrete-event simulation models. One of the goals of this repository is to build resources that help educate students of computer science, software engineering, and information technology, in modeling and information security. This and other network simulation models are implemented in Java with the PsimJ simulation package. Other models have been implemented in C++ using the Psim3 package. The source code for the models, the downloadable simulation package, and more detailed description can be found on the Psim Web page

Object Oriented Program Correctness with OOSimL

Software reliability depends on program correctness and robustness and these are extremely important in developing high-quality software. Correctness is also essential when considering aspects of software security. However, experience applying these concepts, associated methods, and supporting software with Eiffel and Java have shown that students find some diffculty learning program correctness and in learning the software tools provided. We have developed an experimental language, OOSimL, that includes an assertion notation similar to that of Eiffel but which has much more flexibility, and that provides the same semantics as Java. The first part of this paper provides an overview of concepts and methods on software reliability then briefly describes our experience in teaching these. The second part introduces the Design by Contract (DBC) using the OOSimL programming language, which we recently developed

Physiological adaptations to head-out aquatic exercises with different levels of body immersion

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological adaptations to basic head-out aquatic exercises with different levels of body immersion. Sixteen young and clinically healthy subjects (9 women and 7 men) volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject performed 3 repetitions (on land, immersed to the hip, and immersed to the breast) of the aquatic exercise ‘‘rocking horse’’ for 6 minutes. The rating of perceived effort (RPE), the maximal heart rate achieved during the exercitation (HRmax), the percentage of the maximal theoretical heart rate estimated (%HRmax), the peak of oxygen uptake during the exercise (V˙ O2peak), and the energy expenditure (EE) were evaluated. The RPE was significantly higher when exercising immersed to the hip than on land ( p 0.01) and immersed to the breast ( p 0.03). The HRmax and %HRmax were significantly lower when exercising with immersion to the breast than on land ( p 0.01) and with immersion to the hip ( p 0.01). The V˙ O2peak was significantly different between all conditions. The lower mean value was verified when exercising immersed to the breast, followed by immersion to the hip and on land. The EE was significantly higher when performing aquatic exercises on land than when immersed to the hip ( p 0.02) and the breast ( p 0.01). So, physiological responses when exercising immersed to the hip are higher than when immersed to the breast. The physiological responses when exercising on land are higher than when exercising with immersion to the hip and to the breast

CGC/saturation approach: Impact-parameter dependent model in next-to-leading order and combined HERA data

In this paper we confront the next-to-leading order (NLO) CGC/saturation approach of Ref. [1] with the experimental combined HERA data and obtain its parameters. The model includes two features that are in accordance with our theoretical knowledge of deep inelastic scattering. These consist of: $i$) the use of analytical solution for the non-linear Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) evolution equation and $ii$) the exponential behavior of the saturation momentum on the impact parameter $b$-dependence, characterized by $Q_s$ $\propto\exp( -m b )$ which reproduce the correct behaviour of the scattering amplitude at large $b$ in accord with Froissart theorem. The model results are then compared to data at small-x for the structure function of the proton $F_{2}$, the longitudinal structure function $F_{L}$, the charm structure function $F_2^{c\bar{c}}$, the exclusive vector meson ($J/\psi,\phi,\rho$) production and Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS). We obtain a good agreement for the processes in a wide kinematic range of $Q^2$ at small $x$. Our results provide a strong guide for finding an approach, based on Color Glass Condensate/saturation effective theory for high energy QCD, to make reliable predictions from first principles as well as for forthcoming experiments like the Electron-Ion Collider and the LHeC.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figure

Estudo comparativo das adaptações fisiológicas agudas durante a exercitação em imersão ao nível do apêndice xifóide e da articulação coxo-femoral

Foi objectivo deste estudo comparar as adaptações fisiológicas agudas de um exercício básico de Hidroginástica realizados a diferentes profundidades (imersão ao nível da articulação coxo-femoral versus ao nível do apêndice xifóide). A amostra foi constituída por 14 sujeito, clinicamente saudáveis e com um nível de actividade física regular. Cada sujeito realizou, um exercício básico de Hidroginástica designado de “Cavalo-Marinho”. Antes e após cada execução de 6 minutos do exercício foi avaliada a percepção subjectiva de esforço (RPE) e a lactatemia ([La-]). Antes, durante e após cada execução foi avaliada a frequência cardíaca máxima durante a exercitação (FC-max), a percentagem de frequência cardíaca máxima teórica atingida durante a exercitação (%FC-max), o máximo consumo de oxigénio durante o período de exercitação (máxVO2) e o dispêndio energético (EE). A RPE, a FC-máx, a %FCmáx, o máxVO2 e o EE foram signifi cativamente superiores durante a exercitação em imersão ao nível da coxo-femoral do que ao nível do apêndice xifóide. A [La-] não apresentou diferenças signifi cativas. Concluindo, as adaptações fi siológicas agudas observadas durante a exercitação em imersão ao nível da articulação coxo-femoral são mais próximas das verifi cadas no meio terrestre do que à profundidade usualmente adoptada nas sessões de Hidroginástica

Three dimensional system of globally modified navier-Stokes equation with delay

We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of a three-dimensional system of glob-ally modified Navier–Stokes equations with delay in the locally Lipschitz case. The asymptoticbehavior of solutions, and the existence of pullback attractor are also analyzed

Three-dimensional system of globally modified Navier-Stokes equations with delay

We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of a three-dimensional system of globally modified Navier–Stokes equations with delay in the locally Lipschitz case. The asymptotic behavior of solutions, and the existence of pullback attractor are also analyzed

α‐Functionalization of imines via visible light photoredox catalysis

The innate electrophilicity of imine building blocks has been exploited in organic synthetic chemistry for decades. Inspired by the resurgence in photocatalysis, imine reactivity has now been redesigned through the generation of unconventional and versatile radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. While novel photocatalytic approaches have broadened the range and applicability of conventional radical additions to imine acceptors, the possibility to use these imines as latent nucleophiles via single‐electron reduction has also been uncovered. Thus, multiple research programs have converged on this issue, delivering creative and practical strategies to achieve racemic and asymmetric α‐functionalizations of imines under visible light photoredox catalysisThis research was funded by the European Research Council, grant number 647550; the Spanish Government, grant number RTI2018-095038-B-I00; the “Comunidad de Madrid” and European Structural Funds, grant number S2018/NMT-436

Free amino acid composition in juveniles of Mytilus galloprovincialis: spatial variability after Prestige oil spill

10 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablasComposition of free amino acids (FAA) in juveniles of Mytilus galloprovincialis was analysed along a large geographical coastline area in Galicia (NW Spain). Individuals were sampled in February 2003, three months after the Prestige oil spill. Pollution values at sampling time were reported as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in soft tissues of individuals and varied between the highest amount observed in Carrumeiro mussels (502 ng/g dw) and the lowest in Pindo mussels (196 ng/g dw), both locations being close to each other in the centre of the geographical area under study. Pollution values in the other populations varied within the range of 241–347 ng/g dw. Total free amino acids (TFAA) were highest in Aguiño–Pindo–Carrumeiro juveniles at the centre of the Coastline area studied (420–462 μmol/g dw) as compared to the other populations at North and South of Galicia (312–347 μmol/g dw). TFAA results were based on the variability observed in protein free amino acids (PFAA μmol/g dw) among populations (214–249 μmol/g dw for Aguiño–Pindo–Carrumeiro mussels and 98–149 μmol/g dw for the other populations) whereas non-protein free amino acids (NPFAA) taurine and ornithine did not show any significant spatial pattern of variation. Glycine and alanine represented the most abundant PFAA (16–29% and 2.7–11.9% of TPFAA, respectively) and significant correlations between PFAA and both the protein content of soft tissues (r=−0.82) and the condition index of juveniles (r=0.86) were observed. No significant relationships were detected, however, between pollution values in soft tissues as PAHs and FAA profiles with the exception of alanine concentrations as percentage of TFAA (r=0.88; P<0.01). The latter seemed to be an “all or nothing” effect likely due to the influence of other abiotic factors at one of the sampling sites. Such relationship was found not significant when the outlier represented by Carrumeiro mussels was removed from the analysis. The most abundant free amino acid taurine (43.2–68.5%TFAA) followed an inverse variability of that of glycine and by extension of the group PFAA most likely as a compensatory decrease in mussel populations with low protein content (and high condition index). Accordingly, taurine:glycine (t:g) ratio varied between 1 and 2 in most mussel populations but increased up to 3.2–4.2 in Miranda and Bueu mussels at both ends of the geographical interval studied with a corresponding PAHs concentrations of 261 and 304 ng/g dw, respectively. These mussel populations with the highest t:g ratios were characterised by the lowest PFAA contents (below 40%) and condition index values (below 10%). Results of the present study established a significant link between energetic status of growing juveniles and FAA concentrations in environments with different pollution degrees. Variability of the free amino acids profiles in soft tissues were related to endogenous factors of juveniles (protein content, condition index) whereas no relationship with contamination values could be observed. The utility of t:g ratio as general condition factor for M. galloprovincialis is also corroborated for in situ growing juveniles.This study was supported by the contract-project PROINSA, Code CSIC 2004448, Galicia PGDIT03RMA13E. JMFB acknowledges funding by the Program Ramón y Cajal 2003 from Ministry of Education and Sciences (Spain).Peer reviewe

A fuzzy random forest

AbstractWhen individual classifiers are combined appropriately, a statistically significant increase in classification accuracy is usually obtained. Multiple classifier systems are the result of combining several individual classifiers. Following Breiman’s methodology, in this paper a multiple classifier system based on a “forest” of fuzzy decision trees, i.e., a fuzzy random forest, is proposed. This approach combines the robustness of multiple classifier systems, the power of the randomness to increase the diversity of the trees, and the flexibility of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets for imperfect data management. Various combination methods to obtain the final decision of the multiple classifier system are proposed and compared. Some of them are weighted combination methods which make a weighting of the decisions of the different elements of the multiple classifier system (leaves or trees). A comparative study with several datasets is made to show the efficiency of the proposed multiple classifier system and the various combination methods. The proposed multiple classifier system exhibits a good accuracy classification, comparable to that of the best classifiers when tested with conventional data sets. However, unlike other classifiers, the proposed classifier provides a similar accuracy when tested with imperfect datasets (with missing and fuzzy values) and with datasets with noise