Indicadores e rácios que determinam a rentabilidade dos capitais próprios

No âmbito da gestão das empresas, a obtenção de rentabilidade considera-se um dos objetivos empresariais mais relevantes a ter em conta, no sentido de permitir a subsistência das empresas e potenciar o seu crescimento. Assim, é fundamental analisar aquela que é, preferencialmente, considerada a medida de excelência da rentabilidade auferida pelos sócios/acionistas – a rentabilidade dos capitais próprios. Neste estudo procedeu-se à recolha de informação disponível numa base de dados relativa a empresas pertencentes ao índice Euronext 100. A informação recolhida foi tratada e, posteriormente, foi usada a metodologia econométrica de regressão Ordinary Least Squares, com o objetivo de identificar os indicadores e rácios com maior poder explicativo da rentabilidade dos capitais próprios dessa amostra de empresas. Concluiu-se que a rentabilidade do ativo, a rentabilidade das vendas e o lucro líquido das ações ordinárias são as variáveis explicativas que parecem deter um poder explicativo mais estatisticamente significativo na determinação da rentabilidade dos capitais próprios.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Usos y consumos del pago por visión digital en España

La televisión digital ha sido la introductora del pago por visión en España a partir de 1997 de la mano de las plataformas por satélite. Este artículo, basado en un trabajo de 206 encuestas personales a consumidores de tv digital por satélite en cinco ciudades españolas (Madrid, Barcelona, Sevilla, Valladolid y Bilbao) se ha centrado en las variables más trascendentales que determinan el consumo del pago por visión. Ocupan un lugar destacado en este análisis las relaciones entre el uso de nuevas tecnologías (ordenadores e Internet) y el consumo de pago por visión.Digital television was responsible for the introduction in Spain of pay per view TV via satellite platforms in 1997. This article, based on the results of a survey taken of 206 satellite digital TV viewers in five different Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, Sevilla, Valladolid, and Bilbao) focuses on the most important factors which affect the viewing of pay per view programs. The relationship between using computers and the Internet and the viewing of pay-per-view TV is given special emphasis in this analysis

Safety and efficacy of colistin versus meropenem in the empirical treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia as part of a macro-project funded by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission studying off-patent antibiotics. study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and severe hospital-adquired infections, and multidrugresistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) constitute the main etiology in many countries. Inappropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment is associated with increased mortality. In this context, the empirical treatment of choice for VAP is unknown. Colistin, is now the antimicrobial with greatest in vitro activity against MDR-GNB. Methods/Design: The MagicBullet clinical trial is an investigator-driven clinical study, funded by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission. This is designed as a phase IV, randomized, controlled, open label, non-inferiority and international trial to assess the safety and efficacy of colistin versus meropenem in late onset VAP. The study is conducted in a total of 32 centers in three European countries (Spain, Italy and Greece) with specific high incidences of infections caused by MDR-GNB. Patients older than 18 years who develop VAP with both clinical and radiological signs, and are on mechanical ventilation for more than 96 hours, or less than 96 hours but with previous antibiotic treatment plus one week of hospitalization, are candidates for inclusion in the study. A total sample size of 496 patients will be randomized according to a severity clinical score (at the time of VAP diagnosis in a 1:1 ratio to receive either colistin 4.5 MU as a loading dose, followed by 3 MU every eight hours (experimental arm), or meropenem 2 g every eight hours (control arm), both combined with levofloxacin. Mortality from any cause at 28 days will be considered as the main outcome. Clinical and microbiological cure will be evaluated at 72 hours, eight days, the finalization of antibiotic treatment, and 28 days of follow-up. The efficacy evaluation will be performed in every patient who receives at least one study treatment drug, and with etiologic diagnosis of VAP, intention-to-treat population and per protocol analysis will be performed

La gestión de la abundancia : tiempo de consumo y uso del mando a distancia en la televisión multicanal

Este artículo se basa en un trabajo cuantitativo de entrevistas personales realizado a más de 300 personas abonadas a un servicio de televisión multicanal en España: Canal Satélite Digital, Vía Digital y operadores de cable. Entre sus resultados más importantes destaca que el consumo en tiempo de televisión es algo menor en los hogares de televisión multicanal que generalista y que, por otra parte, el uso del mando a distancia en la televisión multicanal de pago se orienta sobre todo al chequeo de canales (no a evitar la publicidad) y su utilización refuerza la "autoridad" paterna respecto a los hogares con televisión tradicional.This paper is based on a survey made in September 1999, with more than 300 interviews to people who have subscribed a Spanish digital packet: Canal Satélite Digital, Vía Digital and/or a cable operator company. Amid their more important results it is the fact that the time spent on TV consumption in households with digital TV is smaller than in those with traditional television. On the other hand, in the households with digital packets the remote control is used to check programming rather to avoid TV commercials. Furthermore, the use of the remote by the father is highest in households with digital TV than in those with generalist television; that leads to the conclusion that the remote increases the "authority" of the father

Predictores del consumo del pago por programa : hacia una tipología de usuarios de los vídeoservicios

Este trabajo se basa en los resultados obtenidos de 206 entrevistas, mediante un cuestionario común, a abonados a las plataformas de televisión digital Canal Satélite Digital y Vía Digital, mayores de 14 años y residentes en 6 ciudades españolas. La investigación ha buscado relacionar el consumo total de televisión, los programas favoritos y el equipamiento tecnológico del hogar con la finalidad de predecir cuáles son los tipos de usuarios más propensos a contratar este tipo de servicios. La primera conclusión de este trabajo es que los que compran servicios de pago por programa ven más tiempo la televisión que los hogares que sólo reciben televisión generalista. Por otra parte, no existe relación entre la tenencia y uso de ordenador y la contratación de servicios de pago por programa. Sin embargo, sí está relacionada la compra de servicios de pago por programa con la tenencia de un moderno equipamiento para la recepción audiovisual en el hogar. Al mismo tiempo, el gasto mensual en este tipo de producto está relacionado con el equipamiento tecnológico del hogar. Por otro lado, la tenencia de video, ordenador personal, conexión a Internet y el uso de correo electrónico están negativamente relacionados con la cantidad de dinero gastada en esta modalidad de video-servicios.This paper is based on the results obtained from 206 questionnaires answered by people aged 14 and above from six Spanish cities, and who have digital TV at home. Its research aim is to know the relationship of the TV consumption, favourite programmes of viewers and their electronic equipment at home and its influence of consumption of Pay-per-view (PPV), which started in Spain at the same time as digital TV, in 1997. First of the most important conclusion is that people who contract PPV services are great consumers of television. Second one is that there is no relation between computer technology (ownership of PC and consumption) and the contracting of PPV services. On the contrary, the PPV contracting is associated with the ownership of more modern TV equipment (screen 16/9, dual/stereo, VCR and videogame console) and audio equipment (Hi-Fi music centre). Third one is that household spending monthly in PPV is also related to the technological equipment. People who have a 16/9 TV set, or a dual/stereo TV set or teletext, spend more money than people who have not them. On the other hand, owning a PC, a link to the Internet , using e-mail, or having a VCR is negatively related to the amount of money spent on ppv services

European intensive care physicians’ experience of infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compromises the treatment of patients with serious infections in intensive care units (ICUs), and intensive care physicians are increasingly facing patients with bacterial infections with limited or no adequate therapeutic options. A survey was conducted to assess the intensive care physicians' perception of the AMR situation in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Methods Between May and July 2017, physicians working in European ICUs were invited to complete an online questionnaire hosted by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. The survey included 20 questions on hospital and ICU characteristics, frequency of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and relevance of AMR in the respondent's ICU, management of antimicrobial treatment as well as the use of last-line antibiotics in the six months preceding the survey. For the analysis of regional differences, EU/EEA countries were grouped into the four sub-regions of Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western Europe. Results Overall, 1062 responses from four European sub-regions were analysed. Infections with MDR bacteria in their ICU were rated as a major problem by 257 (24.2%), moderate problem by 360 (33.9%) and minor problem by 391 (36.8%) respondents. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were the most frequently encountered MDR bacteria followed by, in order of decreasing frequency, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Perception of the relevance of the AMR problem and the frequency of specific MDR bacteria varied by European sub-region. Bacteria resistant to all or almost all available antibiotics were encountered by 132 (12.4%) respondents. Many physicians reported not having access to specific last-line antibiotics. Conclusions The percentage of European ICU physicians perceiving AMR as a substantial problem in their ICU is high with variation by sub-region in line with epidemiological studies. The reports of bacteria resistant to almost all available antibiotics and the limited availability of last-line antibiotics in ICUs in the EU/EEA are of concern

Leveraging user-related internet of things for continuous authentication: a survey

Among all Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a subset of them are related to users. Leveraging these user-related IoT elements, itis possible to ensure the identity of the user for a period of time, thus avoiding impersonation. This need is known as ContinuousAuthentication (CA). Since 2009, a plethora of IoT-based CA academic research and industrial contributions have been proposed. Weoffer a comprehensive overview of 58 research papers regarding the main components of such a CA system. The status of the industryis studied as well, covering 32 market contributions, research projects and related standards. Lessons learned, challenges and openissues to foster further research in this area are finally presented.This work was supported by the MINECO grant TIN2016-79095-C2-2-R (SMOG-DEV) and by the CAM grants S2013/ICE-3095 (CIBERDINE) and P2018/TCS4566 (CYNAMON-CM) both co-funded with European FEDER funds

Security protocols for networks and Internet: a global vision

This work was supported by the MINECO grant TIN2013-46469-R (SPINY: Security and Privacy in the Internet of You), by the CAM grant S2013/ICE-3095 (CIBERDINE: Cybersecurity, Data, and Risks), which is co-funded by European Funds (FEDER), and by the MINECO grant TIN2016-79095-C2-2-R (SMOG-DEV—Security mechanisms for fog computing: advanced security for devices)