The Effects of Sugars Intake and Frequency of Ingestion on Dental Caries Increment in a Three-year Longitudinal Study

A three-year longitudinal study was carried out with a group of children, initially aged 11-15, residing in non-fluoridated rural communities in south-central Michigan. This report analyzes the relation between caries increment and consumption of sugars from all sources to see if accepted relationships have changed with the caries decline in the United States. There were 499 children who provided three or more 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and who received dental examinations at baseline and after three years. Caries increment averaged 2.91 DMFS over the three years, with 81 % of new lesions on pit-and-fissure surfaces. Consumption of sugars from all sources averaged 156 g per day for males and 127 g per day for females, an average of 52 kg per person per year. Sugars constituted one-quarter of total caloric intake for both boys and girls, and the average number of eating occasions per day was 4.3. Children who consumed a higher proportion of their total energy intake as sugars had a higher increment of approximal caries, though there was little relation to pit-and-fissure caries. The average number of daily eating occasions was not related to caries increment, nor was the average number of sugary snacks (defined as foods with 15% or more of sugars) consumed between meals, but the average consumption of between-meal sugars was related to the approximal caries increment. When children were categorized by high caries increment compared with no caries increment, a tendency toward more frequent snacks was seen in the high-caries children. In an age of generally declining caries, it was concluded that higher average daily consumption of sugars, and higher between-meal consumption of sugars, was still a risk factor for children susceptible to approximal caries. Overall frequency of eating and frequency of ingestion of sugary foods between meals, however, were both poorly related to approximal caries increment. Pit-and-fissure caries could not be related to any aspect of sugars consumption.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67206/2/10.1177_00220345880670111201.pd

Use of educational techniques for caretakers of institutionalized individuals to increase the nutrient intakes of the developmentally disabled

Thirty-one female and forty-nine male developmentally disabled residents aged 15-36 years and living at the Western Carolina Center in Morganton, North Carolina were assessed for height, weight, mid-arm circumference, triceps fatfold, and dietary intake using a three-day food record. Fifty-four female and sixteen male staff members working at the Western Carolina Center were assessed for knowledge of nutrition and food practices and participated in a series of nutrition education inservice programs. Pretest and posttest scores for knowledge of nutrition and food practices were determined. Nutrition education inservice programs resulted in increased knowledge of nutrition, but did not increase the nutritional quality of the residents' dietary intake. However, statistically significant differences were noted in residents' diets for calories (p<.05), iron (p<.05), and niacin (p<.05) attributable to the nutrition education inservice programs for staff

Estudo Sobre O Estado Nutricional Em Relação Ao Zinco Na Amazônia. I. Níveis De Zinco No Sôro E Ingestão De Zinco Em Operários De Manaus, 1978 ()

The objective of this study was to verify if the low zinc intakes reported for the urban Amazon are associated with low serum zinc levels. A survey was carried out amongst the low salaried workers of four Manaus factories. Two of these factories provided meals and medical assistance. The mean and median dietary zinc intakes were 54.7% and 49.3% respectively of the American RDA. Zinc intakes were higher in those workers born in Manaus, that were better educated and that came from higher income families but these differences were only apparent in factories that didn't provide meals. Zinc intake decreased with age in both men and women, being higher in men than women in all age groups. These trends were observed in all factories. No significant difference was found between serum zinc levels for men and women. Whilst serum zinc values tended to decline with age in both sexes, there was no significant correlation with age in either sex. Mean serum zinc levels of low and medium family income workers were significantly lower than high family income workers. (P<.001 P<.05). 34% of all low family income, 26% of medium family income and 17% of high family income workers had deficient serum zinc levels (<11.5 μmol/l). Serum zinc concentrations were related to zinc intake in male (r = 0.26 p<.02) but not female workers (r=0.11 p<.1). Zinc intakes of male and female workers with deficient serum zinc levels were significantly lower than those with normal serum zinc levels. Zinc intakes of male workers were higher than those of female workers at all serum zinc levels.", 'enO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a baixa ingestão de zinco relatada para a população da área urbana da cidade de Manaus, no Estado do Amazonas, está associada com niveis balxos de zinco sérico. O estudo foi realizado com trabaIhadores percebendo salários baixos, em quatro fábricas de Manaus. Duas destas fábricas forneciam alimentação e assistência médica. A média e a mediana da ingestão de zinco dietético, foi 54.7% e 49.3% respectivamente das recomendações diárias. americanas. A ingestão de zinco foi mais alta nos trabalhadores nascidos em Manaus, que possuiam um meIhor nível de escolaridade e que tinham renda familiar mais alta, mas essas diferenças foram evidentes unicamente nas fábricas que não forneciam refeição. A ingestão de zinco diminui com a idade em ambos os sexos, sendo mais alto nos homens do que nas mulheres em todos os grupos por idade. Essa tendência foi observada em todas as fábricas. Não houve diferença significativa do nível de zinco sérico entre homens e mulheres. Porém o valor de zinco no soro tende a declinar também com a idade em ambos os sexos. A média do nível de zinco sérico de trabalhadores com renda familiar baixa e média foi significativamente mais baixa do que trabalhadores com renda familiar alta (P<.001. P<.05). 34% de todos os trabalhadores com renda familiar baixa, 26% com renda familiar média e 17% com renda familiar alta, tinham níveis de zinco sérico deficientes (< 11.5 μmol/l). A concentração de zinco no soro foi relacionada com ingestão de zinco do sexo masculino (r=0.26 p<.02) mas não em operários do sexo feminino (r=0.11 p<.1). A ingestão de zinco em trabalhadores de ambos os sexos com nível de zinco sérico déficiente foi significativamente mais baixa do que aqueles com nível de zinco sérico normal. A ingesta de zinco nos homens foi mais alta do que nas mulheres para todos os níveis de zinco sérico

Increased oxidative stress in asthma - relation to inflammatory blood and lung biomarkers and airway remodeling indices

Airway inflammation in asthma is related to increased reactive oxygen species generation, potentially leading to tissue injury and subsequent airway remodeling. We evaluated oxidative stress in peripheral blood from asthmatic subjects (n = 74) and matched controls (n = 65), using recently developed real-time monitoring of the protein hydroperoxide (HP) formation by the coumarin boronic acid (CBA) assay. We also investigated the relation of the systemic oxidative stress response in asthma to disease severity, lung function, airway remodeling indices (lung computed tomography and histology), and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) inflammatory biomarkers. We documented enhanced systemic oxidative stress in asthma, reflected by 35% faster and 58% higher cumulative fluorescent product generation in the CBA assay (p < 0.001 for both). The dynamics of HP generation correlated inversely with lung function but not with asthma severity or histological measures of airway remodeling. HP generation was associated positively with inflammatory indices in the blood (e.g., C-reactive protein) and BAL (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-12p70, and neutrophil count). Bronchial obstruction, thicker airway walls, increased BAL IL-6, and citrullinated histone 3 in systemic circulation independently determined increased HP formation. In conclusion, a real-time CBA assay showed increased systemic HP generation in asthma. In addition, it was associated with inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that proper disease control can also lead to a decrease in oxidative stress

Dysbiosis in pediatrics is associated with respiratory infections: Is there a place for bacterial-derived products?

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in childhood because of the physiologic immaturity of the immune system, a microbial community under development in addition to other genetic, physiological, environmental and social factors. RTIs tend to recur and severe lower viral RTIs in early childhood are not uncommon and are associated with increased risk of respiratory disorders later in life, including recurrent wheezing and asthma. Therefore, a better understanding of the main players and mechanisms involved in respiratory morbidity is necessary for a prompt and improved care as well as for primary prevention. The inter-talks between human immune com-ponents and microbiota as well as their main functions have been recently unraveled; nevertheless, more is still to be discovered or understood in the above medical conditions. The aim of this review paper is to provide the most up-to-date overview on dysbiosis in pre-school children and its association with RTIs and their complications. The potential role of non-harmful bacterial-derived prod-ucts, according to the old hygiene hypothesis and the most recent trained-innate immunity concept, will be discussed together with the need of proof-of-concept studies and larger clinical trials with immunological and microbiological endpoints

Variation in calcium intake in rural black children

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 1983Two investigations are explored in this dissertation: dietary calcium intake in relation to calcium status in a group of rural Black children and the use of the dietary history and 24-hour dietary recall as a research tool. Children with rachitic bone deformities, members of a community in the Eastern Transvaal, have prompted extensive study. This has shown that the population as a whole has lowered serum calcium levels which appear to be the direct result of calcium deficient dietsIT201

The Alumnus, v26n2, April 1942

Inside This Issue:-- The Campus Today-- Speed-Up Plan Trains Better Teachers Sooner -- In World War I, 1917...Army Privates Ruled the Campus-- In World War II, 1942...Home Front Launches Offensive-- Alumni and Graduates Share Spotlight on May 31-- Baseball Leads Spring Sports Parade-- Alumni News...-- A Teachers Remembers the Nightmares of the First Year-- Marriages-- Deaths-- Name Future Teachers to Meet the Shortagehttps://scholarworks.uni.edu/alumnusnews/1175/thumbnail.jp

The impact of nutrition education at three health centres in Central Province, Kenya

This report contains an account of a study of the effects of nutrition education as given at three health centres in different ecological zones in Central Province, Kenya. Two groups of mothers in similar social and economic situations were selected for interviewing: frequent and infrequent visitors. They were compared on the following indicators: nutritional knowledge, maternal food preferences, food consumption of the children during the previous day and nutritional status of the children. Conclusion: nutrition education has little or no impact on the whole range of nutritional attitudes of mothers, their behaviour and the nutritional status of children.ASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde

The nutritional impact of the Pre-School Health Programme at three clinics in Central Province, Kenya

Contains an account of a study of the effects of the Pre-School Health Programme at three clinics in different ecological zones in Central Province, Kenya. Two groups of mothers were selected for interviewing: recent entrants and longtime participants. The study concentrates on the following aspects: nutritional knowledge; maternal food preferences; food consumption of the children during the previous day; and nutritional status of the children. Conclusion: the strenght of the programme lies in the food distribution rather than in the educational component.ASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde