Lenga natural forest : volumetric assessment of shelterwood felling

Se realizó una corta de protección suave en un bosque natural de lenga, ubicado en la isla de Tierra del Fuego. Ésta consistió en extraer aproximadamente el 30 % del área basal original, en una superficie de 10 ha. Se establecieron cuatro parcelas de inventario (20 x 50 m), distribuidas en forma sistemática. En ellas se identificaron y midieron todos los árboles. Luego de efectuada la corta, se midieron las trozas obtenidas de los árboles volteados y se calificaron en aserrables, astillables o desecho. El bosque presentó originalmente un área basimétrica de 71,6 m 2/ha y un volumen total de 899,6 m 3/ha. Producto de la corta se obtienen 251,4 m 3/ha, de los cuales 90,2 m 3 /ha son aserrables; 98,5 m 3/ha astillables y 62,8 m 3/ha de desecho.A protection felling test was established in a lenga site located in Tierra del Fuego. The test consisted of applying a felling, by extracting 30 % of the original basal area of 10 ha. Four forest inventory plots (20 x 50 m), distributed in a systematic manner were established. Trees within these plots were identified and measured. The selected trees were then marked to form the protection canopy. After the felling, each of the logs obtained from the felled trees were measured, and clasified as sawlogs, logs for chips and waste logs. The forest, originally presented a basal area of 71.6 m²/ha, and a total volume of 899.6 m 3/ha. W ith the protection felling 251.4 m3/ha were obtained, of wich 90.2 m 3/ha corresponded to saw logs, 98.5 m 3/ha to logs from chips, and 62.8 m 3/ha  of waste logs.Fil: Donoso, Sergio. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas.Fil: Caldentey, Juan. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas.Fil: Garib, Igor. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas

Studi Arsitektur Rumah Betang Kalimantan Tengah

Rumah Panjang atau disebut ”Betang”merupakan rumah tinggal tradisional masyarakat Dayak Ngaju, Kalimantan Tengah.Betangmempunyai nilai historis dan sakral merupakan bentukpermukiman awal dan mata rantai kebudayaan masa lampau, kini dan masa mendatang. Betang berlokasi di sepanjang Daerah Aliran Sungai Kapuas, Kahayan, Barito, Mentaya dan Katingan.Betangmerupakan cikal bakal proses perkembangan kota-kota di Kalimantan Tengah (Riwut, 1979). Betangdalam penelitian ini mengangkat dua studi kasus yaitu BetangBuntoi dikenal dengan Huma Gantung Buntoi merupakan pecahan betang terletak di Desa Buntoi, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, dan Betang Toyoi terletak di Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Huma Gantung Buntoi di masa lalu dihuni oleh seorang kepala adat bergelar Singa (Singa Jalla) yaitu pemimpin yang taat pada adat dan tradisi Suku Dayak Ngaju.Perubahan lingkungan Huma Gantung Buntoi terjadi ketika masa kolonial Belanda, kondisi lingkunganyang belum aman menyebabkan Huma Gantung Buntoi tertutup pagar tinggi disebut Bakota sebagai USAha proteksi terhadap serangan musuh.Perubahan terlihat ialah bangunan penunjang telah dinyatakan hilang, Perubahan fungsi ruang dan Perubahan pada bentuk fisik Huma GantungBuntoi.Untuk memperoleh gambaran yang benar mengenai bentuk awal Huma Gantung Buntoi diperlukan obyek lain sebagai pembanding yaitu Betang Toyoi di Tumbang Malahoi, Kabupaten Gunung Mas memiliki sejarah lebih tua dari Huma Gantung Buntoi. Huma Gantung Buntoi dan Betang Toyoimemiliki keistimewaan: (1) Sebagai mata rantai perkembanganBetangterletak di sepanjang DAS; (2) konsep tata ruang rumah Betang; dan (3) elemen bangunan rumah Betang.Metode penelitian melaluipengamatan lapangan (field observation) dan wawancara(depth interview) dengan nara sumber tokoh masyarakat yang mengetahui betul mengenai:(1) sejarah; (2) elemen bangunan; (3) Perubahan fungsi tata ruang padaHuma Gantung Buntoi dan Betang Toyoi. Hasil penelitian ini terungkap bahwa tiga faktor dominan dalam filosofi rumah Betang, yaitu: (1) sejarah perkembanganBetang (sepanjang DAS)(2) elemen bangunan; dan (3) pola ruang dan lingkungan

Estimation of Population Mean on Recent Occasion under Non-Response in h-Occasion Successive Sampling

In this article, an attempt has been made to study on general estimation procedures of population mean on recent occasion when non-response occurs in h-occasion successive sampling. Suggested estimators have advantageously influenced the estimation procedures in the presence of non-response. Detailed properties of the suggested estimation procedures have been examined and compared with the estimation process of the same circumstances but in the absence of non-response. Empirical studies have been carried out to demonstrate the performances of the estimates and suitable recommendations have been made

Are torque values of preadjusted brackets precise?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the torque precision of metallic brackets with MBT prescription using the canine brackets as the representative sample of six commercial brands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty maxillary and 20 mandibular canine brackets of one of the following commercial brands were selected: 3M Unitek, Abzil, American Orthodontics, TP Orthodontics, Morelli and Ortho Organizers. The torque angle, established by reference points and lines, was measured by an operator using an optical microscope coupled to a computer. The values were compared to those established by the MBT prescription. RESULTS: The results showed that for the maxillary canine brackets, only the Morelli torque (-3.33º) presented statistically significant difference from the proposed values (-7º). For the mandibular canines, American Orthodontics (-6.34º) and Ortho Organizers (-6.25º) presented statistically significant differences from the standards (-6º). Comparing the brands, Morelli presented statistically significant differences in comparison with all the other brands for maxillary canine brackets. For the mandibular canine brackets, there was no statistically significant difference between the brands. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant variations in torque values of some of the brackets assessed, which would clinically compromise the buccolingual positioning of the tooth at the end of orthodontic treatment

Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition

OBJECTIVE: Nutritional, immunological and psychological benefts of exclusive breastfeeding for the frst 6 months of life are unequivocally recognized. However, mothers should also be aware of the importance of breastfeeding for promoting adequate oral development. This study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns and the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking were investigated in a 3-6 year-old sample of 1,377 children, from São Paulo city, Brazil. Children were grouped according to breastfeeding duration: G1 - non-breastfed, G2 - shorter than 6 months, G3 - interruption between 6 and 12 months, and G4 - longer than 12 months. Three calibrated dentists performed clinical examinations and classifed overbite into 3 categories: normal, anterior open bite and deep bite. Chi-square tests (p<0.05) with odds ratio (OR) calculation were used for intergroup comparisons. The impact of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking on the prevalence of anterior open bite was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence estimates of anterior open bite were: 31.9% (G1), 26.1% (G2), 22.1% (G3), and 6.2% (G4). G1 would have signifcantly more chances of having anterior open bite compared with G4; in the total sample (OR=7.1) and in the subgroup without history of non-nutritive sucking (OR=9.3). Prolonging breastfeeding for 12 months was associated with a 3.7 times lower chance of having anterior open bite. In each year of persistence with non-nutritive sucking habits, the chance of developing this malocclusion increased in 2.38 times. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking durations demonstrated opposite effects on the prediction of anterior open bite. Non-breastfed children presented signifcantly greater chances of having anterior open bite compared with those who were breastfed for periods longer than 12 months, demonstrating the benefcial infuence of breastfeeding on dental occlusion

Alterações na biomassa microbiana do solo em cultivos de mandioca sob diferentes coberturas vegetais.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do cultivo da mandioca em plantio direto sob diferentes coberturas vegetais na biomassa microbiana do solo e índices derivados. Tais parâmetros foram avaliados também em sistema sob preparo convencional (aração e gradagem) e sistema natural (mata nativa), para comparação. Os estudos foram conduzidos no Município de Glória de Dourados, MS,num Argissolo vermelho distrófico, de textura arenosabitstream/item/65168/1/BP200421.pd

Prevalence of long face pattern in brazilian individuals of different ethnic backgrounds

Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively.Objective: The long face pattern is a facial deformity with increased anterior total facial height due to vertical excess of the lower facial third. Individuals with long face may present different degrees of severity in vertical excess, as well as malocclusions that are difficult to manage. The categorization of vertical excess is useful to determine the treatment prognosis. This survey assessed the distribution of ethnically different individuals with vertical excess according to three levels of severity and determined the prevalence of long face pattern. Material and Methods: The survey was comprised of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian ethnicity (2,480 females and 2,540 males) enrolled in middle schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. The criterion for inclusion of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships was based on lip incompetence, evaluated under natural light, in standing natural head position with the lips at rest. Once identified, the individuals were classified into three subtypes according to the severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Then the pooled sample was distributed according to ethnical background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed descent), Yellow (Asian descent) and Brazilian Indian (Brazilian native descent). The Chi-square (χ2 ) test was used (p<0.05) to compare the frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships in the total sample and among different ethnicities, according to the three levels of severity. Results: The severe subtype was rare, except in Black individuals (7.32%), who also presented the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White individuals (62.21%) showed similar and higher relative frequency values.\ud Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively

Suspensiones de BaTiO3 para la fabricación de cintas dieléctricas para capacitores

Una de las técnicas más populares para la fabricación de capacitores multicapa (MLCC en inglés) es el vaciado en cinta, el cual requiere la preparación de una suspensión acuosa o no acuosa. Hay poca información disponible en la literatura en referencia sobre comparaciones directas de sistemas acuosos y no acuosos utilizando suspensiones de BaTiO3 para cintas dieléctricas de menos de 3.5 m de espesor. Por lo tanto en este trabajo se consideran ambos tipos de suspensiones con el propósito de sopesar los diferentes factores que influyen en la viscosidad de la suspensión y el espesor de la cinta cerámica. Se encontró que la adhesión sustrato-cinta juega un papel importante sobre el adelgazamiento en composiciones basadas en agua. La viscosidad de la suspensión está definida por el tipo de dispersante en sistemas acuosos y del ligante en los no acuosos

Formulación de una barbotina para producir cintas cerámicas ultradelgadas

Se diseñó una barbotina cuyo comportamiento viscoelástico resulta óptimo para obtener cintas cerámicas a base de BaTiO3 de 3 μm mediante “tape casting”. Se demuestra que el módulo elástico de la viscoelasticidad es relevante en el espesor final de la cinta. Estas cintas se utilizan regularmente en la industria de los capacitores cerámicos multicapas, y se considera en la industria en general que el espesor mínimo que se puede obtener mediante “tape casting” es de 3.5 μm, por lo que los resultados de este trabajo corresponderían en estos términos a cintas ultradelgadas. Se encontró que el solvente más adecuado es una mezcla tolueno-etanol, un copolímero graft ABn o fosfato éster como dispersantes, y PVB de peso molecular medio como aglutinante