484 research outputs found
Free Zone Incentives in MERCOSUR Countries and WTO Law
Published source: Gabriel Gari, 'Free Zone Incentives in MERCOSUR Countries and WTO Law' (2011) 6 Global Trade and Customs Journal, Issue 5, pp. 223–244
ID: GTCJ2011031This article examines the consistency of the incentives offered by free zone regimes in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay with World Trade Organization (WTO) law. It suggests that some of the incentives offered to free zone users are inconsistent with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) because they constitute a ‘subsidy’ within the meaning of the ASCM, subject de iure or de facto to export performance, most notably, exemptions of direct taxes, exemptions of custom duties on the import of capital goods, exemptions of payment of social welfare charges, unqualified exemptions on payment of indirect taxes, and the possibility to supply goods or services to free zone users at promotional rates. By contrast, this article suggests that there are no significant inconsistencies between free zone incentives and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) but warns that the situation could change in the future if, as a result of multilateral negotiations, MERCOSUR countries opt for extending their GATS commitments to new sectors and modes of supply
Winners and losers in Luxembourg: A statistical analysis of judicial review before the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance (2001-2005)
Reproduced with permission of the publisher
Parity violation in quasifree electron scattering off the deuteron
For deuteron electroweak disintegration, parity violating effects are
investigated which arise from the interference of and exchange as
well as from the hadronic sector via a small parity violating component in the
deuteron. The general formalism for the differential cross section and
polarization observables of electromagnetic deuteron disintegration is extended
to incorporate parity violating contributions. Formal expressions for the
additional structure functions are derived. Results are presented for these
parity violating structure functions for quasifree kinematics neglecting final
state interaction and two-body effects. Both types of parity violating
contributions to the asymmetry of the inclusive reaction with respect to
longitudinally polarized electrons are evaluated. The one from parity violating
deuteron components is negligible over the whole range of momentum transfers
considered.Comment: 21 pages revtex including 12 postscript figures, revised version,
accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.
Elastic electron-deuteron scattering in chiral effective field theory
We calculate elastic electron-deuteron scattering in a chiral effective field
theory approach for few-nucleon systems based on a modified Weinberg power
counting. We construct the current operators and the deuteron wave function at
next-to-leading (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) order simultaneously
within a projection formalism. The leading order comprises the impulse
approximation of photons coupling to point-like nucleons with an anomalous
magnetic moment. At NLO, we include renormalizations of the single nucleon
operators. To this order, no unknown parameters enter. At NNLO, one
four-nucleon-photon operator appears. Its strength can be determined from the
deuteron magnetic moment. We obtain not only a satisfactory description of the
deuteron structure functions and form factors measured in electron-deuteron
scattering but also find a good convergence for these observables.Comment: 13 pp, elsart.cls, 4 figs, extended version, includes NNLO
corrections and more detailed discussion
On the Nucleon Distribution Amplitude: The Heterotic Solution
We present a new nucleon distribution amplitude which amalgamates features of
the Chernyak-Ogloblin-Zhitnitsky model with those of the Gari-Stefanis model.
This "heterotic" solution provides the possibility to have asymptotically a
small ratio \hbox{}, while fulfilling
most of the sum-rule requirements up to the third order. Using this nucleon
distribution amplitude we calculate the electromagnetic and weak nucleon form
factors, the transition form factor and the decay widths
of the charmonium levels , , and into .
The agreement with the available data is remarkable in all cases.Comment: 15 pages, RUB-TPII-21/92 Preprin
Investigation of the Neutron Form Factors by Inclusive Quasi-Elastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons off Polarized He: A Theoretical Overview
The theory of quasi-elastic inclusive scattering of polarized leptons off
polarized He is critically reviewed and the origin of different expressions
for the polarized nuclear response function appearing in the literature is
explained. The sensitivity of the longitudinal asymmetry upon the neutron form
factors is thoroughly investigated and the role played by the polarization
angle for minimizing the proton contribution is illustrated.Comment: Phys. Rev C in press; 9 figs. (available upon request
Dispersion-Theoretical Analysis of the Nucleon Electromagnetic Formfactors
Dispersion relations allow for a coherent description of the nucleon
electromagnetic form factors measured over a large range of momentum transfer,
GeV. Including constraints from unitarity and
perturbative QCD, we present a novel parametrisation of the absorptive parts of
the various isoscalar and isovector nucleon form factors. Using the current
world data, we obtain results for the electromagnetic form factors, nucleon
radii and meson couplings. We stress the importance of measurements at large
momentum transfer to test the predictions of perturbative QCD.Comment: 33 pp, RevTEX or plain LaTeX, 7 figures (in ffig.uu
Extraction of electromagnetic neutron form factors through inclusive and exclusive polarized electron scattering on polarized 3He target
Inclusive 3He(e,e') and exclusive 3He(e,e'n) processes with polarized
electrons and 3He have been theoretically analyzed and values for the magnetic
and electric neutron form factors have been extracted. In both cases the form
factor values agree well with the ones extracted from processes on the
deuteron. Our results are based on Faddeev solutions, modern NN forces and
partially on the incorporation of mesonic exchange currents.Comment: 28 pages, 29 Postscript figure
Scaling law for the electromagnetic form factors of the proton
The violation of the scaling law for the electric and magnetic form factors
of the proton are examined within the cloudy bag model. The suppression of the
ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors is natural in the bag model.
The pion cloud plays a moderate role in understanding the recent data from
TJNAF.Comment: 8 pages, REVTeX, 2 figures include
Recalculation of Proton Compton Scattering in Perturbative QCD
At very high energy and wide angles, Compton scattering on the proton (gamma
p -> gamma p) is described by perturbative QCD. The perturbative QCD
calculation has been performed several times previously, at leading twist and
at leading order in alpha_s, with mutually inconsistent results, even when the
same light-cone distribution amplitudes have been employed. We have
recalculated the helicity amplitudes for this process, using contour
deformations to evaluate the singular integrals over the light-cone momentum
fractions. We do not obtain complete agreement with any previous result. Our
results are closest to those of the most recent previous computation, differing
significantly for just one of the three independent helicity amplitudes, and
only for backward scattering angles. We present results for the unpolarized
cross section, and for three different polarization asymmetries. We compare the
perturbative QCD predictions for these observables with those of the handbag
and diquark models. In order to reduce uncertainties associated with alpha_s
and the three-quark wave function normalization, we have normalized the Compton
cross section using the proton elastic form factor. The theoretical predictions
for this ratio are about an order of magnitude below existing experimental
data.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, 13 figures. Checked numerical integration one more
way; added results for one more proton distribution amplitude; a few other
minor changes. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.
- …