Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts and Alkaloid Fractions of four Mexican Medicinal Plants of Solanaceae

Background: Methanol extracts and alkaloid fractions of different parts of four plant species belonging to Solanaceae family and used in Mexican traditional medicine were investigated for their total phenolic contents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Materials and Methods: The total phenolic compounds of each extract was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the in vitro radical scavenging activities of the extracts were assessed using the DPPH and ABTS radicals. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model.Results: The methanol extracts contained the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the best reducing power on the DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent fashion. However, the anti-inflammatory activity did not follow the same trend, as some alkaloid fractions that showed low radical reducing power exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: The methanol extract obtained from the flowers of Nicotiana glauca presented the best overall performance with the largest amount of phenolic compounds (111 μg garlic acid equivalents/g of extract), the best antioxidant activity (94.80% inhibition of DPPH and 97.57% of ABTS) and the highest anti-inflammatory activity (81.93% inhibition of the inflammation).Keywords: Solanaceae family, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity

Preeclampsia: síndrome metabólico del embarazo

Introducción: La preeclampsia aún es de etiología incierta, pero con distintas alteraciones metabólicas que se presentan en la mujer embarazada, tiene como común denominador el daño endotelial multiorgánico. La tarea del obstetra es identificar embarazos de alto riesgo causantes de la alta morbilidad y mortalidad materna y neonatal. Objetivo: Plantear una nueva denominación de la preeclampsia de acuerdo con la fisiopatología y los criterios del síndrome metabólico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte retrospectiva en el Hospital Materno Perinatal “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” en el periodo de enero 2011 a diciembre 2012. Se formaron dos grupos de pacientes uno con síndrome de preeclampsia y otro con embarazo normal, a los cuales se les aplicaron los criterios de síndrome metabólico. Resultados: De la cohorte de 640 pacientes se incluyeron a 90 pacientes que correspondieron al 14.06%, el grupo I se conformó por 30 pacientes que fue considerado como casos, y grupo II por 60 pacientes considerado como controles. Los resultados de las variables antropométricas al comparar cintura, peso, talla mostraron diferencias estadísticas (OR= 8, p= 0.001), mostrando mayor obesidad en la población estudiada. En relación con los valores de triglicéridos, TA, y glucosa, se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los grupos (OR de 1.8 y p=0.03, OR= 9 y p= 0.001, OR= 10 y p= 0.001 respectivamente). Conclusiones: El síndrome de preeclampsia cuenta con factores de riesgo como obesidad, dislipidemia aterogénica, hipertensión arterial, resistencia a la insulina con intolerancia a la glucosa o diabetes, estado proinflamatorio y protrombóticos. Por lo tanto, la preeclampsia puede ser considerada como un síndrome metabólico del embarazo y ser el factor desencadenante del desorden hipertensivo y sus complicaciones

Relationship between weight status and aerobic capacity in school children in Tijuana, Mexico

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity in children can deteriorate physical and psychological health in the short, mid, and long term; alterations like dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors like prehypertension and hypertension occur more frequently in children and teens with obesity. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the weight status and the aerobic capacity of schoolers in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: This study’s samples were constituted by 275 children, 135 girls and 140 boys from 5th and 6th grade, between the ages of 10-12, currently enrolled in the morning and evening shifts. Weight, height, body-mass index and the maximum oxygen consumption (20 meter Shuttle Run Test) were evaluated. To identify relationship between the weight status with the aerobic capacity, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. RESULTS: The overweight and obesity prevalence were 29% and 13% in boys and 33% and 12% in girls respectably. It was observed a moderate negative correlation but statistically significant between the weight status with the aerobic capacity (r= -0.437, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In this population, the greater the weight was associated with low aerobic capacity. In conclusion, the aerobic capacity could be affected due to overweight, obesity, and a superior corporal weight than the recommended one for a certain height

Estimates to determining the agricultural tractor fleet in Mexico

Objective: the objective of the study was to know the current state of the national fleet of agricultural machinery. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: an estimate of the tractor fleet was made by adding the number of tractors with one year of lag, plus the number of tractors from national sales, minus the number of tractors leaving the fleet due to the end of their useful life, the period from 2007 to 2027. Results: there is a downward trend in the tractor fleet in the period 2007 to 2027. If the downward trend continues, the tractor fleet will have decreased by 114 thousand units in 2027, compared to the 238 thousand existing in 2007. This means a drop of 52%, compared to the initial year, which would leave the fleet of tractors with 124 thousand units. Limitations/ Implications of the study: the main limitation is the non-existence of official data after 2007. Therefore, in order to know the current state of the national fleet of tractors in Mexico, estimates such as the one carried out in this investigation are required. Findings/ Conclusions: The estimate of the tractor industrial fleet in Mexico indicates that annually the number of tractors that are added is less than the number of obsolete tractors that leave the fleet, which indicates that the rate of mechanization will decrease in the future. To avoid such a trend, the Government is required to support investments in agricultural machinery

Expression of the dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in a model of neuropathic pain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been related to the affective component of pain. Dopaminergic mesocortical circuits, including the ACC, are able to inhibit neuropathic nociception measured as autotomy behaviour. We determined the changes in dopamine D1 and D2 (D1R and D2R) receptor expression in the ACC (cg1 and cg2) in an animal model of neuropathic pain. The neuropathic group had noxious heat applied in the right hind paw followed 30 min. later by right sciatic denervation. Autotomy score (AS) was recorded for eight days and subsequently classified in low, medium and high AS groups. The control consisted of naïve animals.</p> <p>A semiquantitative RT-PCR procedure was done to determine mRNA levels for D1R and D2R in cg1 and cg2, and protein levels were measured by Western Blot.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results of D1R mRNA in cg1 showed a decrease in all groups. D2R mRNA levels in cg1 decreased in low AS and increased in medium and high AS. Regarding D1R in cg2, there was an increase in all groups. D2R expression levels in cg2 decreased in all groups. In cg1, the D2R mRNA correlated positively with autotomy behaviour. Protein levels of D2R in cg1 increased in all groups but to a higher degree in low AS. In cg2 D2R protein only decreased discretely. D1R protein was not found in either ACC region.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first evidence of an increase of inhibitory dopaminergic receptor (D2R) mRNA and protein in cg1 in correlation with nociceptive behaviour in a neuropathic model of pain in the rat.</p

Contaminación bacteriana de Productos Cárnicos Ovinos Comercializados en la Meseta Central de México

El estudio se realizó para evaluar la contaminación microbiológica de las canales de ovino comercializadas en el Altiplano Central Mexicano, durante el período Primavera - Verano 2012. Se recolectaron muestras en tres expendios mayoristas de las canales de ovino antes de la refrigeración, las manos de los trabajadores, y los cuchillos, utilizando la técnica de hisopo húmedo. Las muestras se analizaron para Cuenta Total de Aerobios Viables (TAVC), Cuenta Coliformes Totales (CCT) y Cuenta Coliformes Fecales (FCC), los conteos se determinaron por el método de recuento estándar en placa. Las medias de TAVC de las canales de ovino, las manos del personal, y los cuchillos fueron de 0,99 ± 0,81, 0,78 ± 0,53y 1,84 ± 0,28 log10UFC / mL, respectivamente; no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P <0,05). La media de TCC para las canales fue de 0,74 ± 0,56 log10 UFC / mL y 0,36 ± 0,48 log10UFC/mL para cuchillos, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P <0,05). No se detectaron FCC en las canales de ovino, el personal y los cuchillos. Los resultados indicaron buenas condiciones higiénicas y de manipulación durante los canales de comercialización

Diseño de un MOOC sobre actuación farmacéutica en cosmética oncológica

Memoria ID-040. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022