Assessment of the Effect of Satureja montana and Origanum virens Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production at Different Water Activities

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Aflatoxin contamination of foodstuffs poses a serious risk to food security, and it is essential to search for new control methods to prevent these toxins entering the food chain. Several essential oils are able to reduce the growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis of toxigenic species, although their efficiency is strongly influenced by the environmental conditions. In this work, the effectiveness of Satureja montana and Origanum virens essential oils to control Aspergillus flavus growth was evaluated under three water activity levels (0.94, 0.96 and 0.98 aw) using a Bioscreen C, a rapid in vitro spectrophotometric technique. The aflatoxin concentrations at all conditions tested were determined by HPLC-FLD. Aspergillus flavus growth was delayed by both essential oil treatments. However, only S. montana essential oil was able to significantly affect aflatoxin production, although the inhibition percentages widely differed among water activities. The most significant reduction was observed at 0.96 aw, which is coincident with the conditions in which A. flavus reached the highest levels of aflatoxin production. On the contrary, the treatment with S. montana essential oil was not effective in significantly reducing aflatoxin production at 0.94 aw. Therefore, it is important to study the interaction of the new control compounds with environmental factors before their application in food matrices, and in vitro ecophysiological studies are a good option since they provide accurate and rapid results.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Efectividad de la técnica de inducción miofascial en contracturas del trapecio superior por cervicalgia mecánica en trabajadores administrativos del Hospital III EsSalud Chimbote 2014

La técnica de inducción miofascial tiene referencia a la liberación de las fascias y de forma indirecta al aparato locomotor; teniendo en cuenta estructuras, vísceras, y logrando así liberar restricciones miofasciales. Este trabajo de investigación ha planteado el siguiente problema ¿Cuánto es la efectividad de la técnica de inducción miofascial en contracturas del trapecio superior por cervicalgia mecánica en trabajadores administrativos del hospital III Es Salud Chimbote 2014? el cual se logra mediante los siguientes objetivos específicos ; determinar el dolor cervical durante la primera, quinta, décima y quinceava sesión de tratamiento aplicada al grupo convencional y grupo Inducción miofascial por cervicalgia mecánica de los trabajadores administrativos ; determinar la efectividad del grupo Inducción miofascial y grupo convencional para disminuir el dolor cervical en los trabajadores administrativos ; comparar resultados encontrados en el grupo inducción miofascial y el grupo convencional con dolor cervical en trapecio superior durante la primera, quinta, décima y quinceava sesión de tratamiento por cervicalgia mecánica en los trabajadores administrativos . Se tuvo que realizar un estudio cuasi experimental, cuantitativo, prospectivo y comparativo, con una muestra de 40 trabajadores del área administrativa que fueron divididos en dos grupos cada uno conformado por 19 hombres y 21 son mujeres. Mediante tablas de datos estadísticos logramos evaluar la efectividad de la técnica de inducción miofascial, y la tuvimos que dividir en 3 parámetros donde observaremos por medio de una sesión final el resultado del tipo de dolor, si disminuyo entre un 85% logrando ser efectivo, si se encuentra entre los parámetros de 84%- 40% es regularmente efectivo y si encuentra menor a los parámetros de 39% es que fue efectivo. El análisis de los datos se realizó en Excel y su análisis estadístico se realizó en SPSS V 21. Se obtuvo como resultado que, en el grupo experimental, el 90% de los participantes, la técnica resulto ser efectivo y 10% de los participantes resulto la técnica regularmente efectiva, en el grupo control, el 55% de los participantes la técnica resulto regularmente efectiva y que el 45% de los participantes resulto no ser efectivoTesi

Cancrosis en ramas de salix bonplandiana kunth causada por Alternaría tenuissima (kunze ex pers.) wiltshire

Salix bonplandiana Kunth, una especie arbórea nativa del Valle de México, es usada para reforestación, sus ramillas en cestería y como ornamental, su madera para construir graneros y sus hojas como forraje. Por ello es importante identificar los agentes causales de enfermedades que afectan su desarrollo. Para determinar el agente causal de la enfermedad que produce cancros en ramas de S. bomplandiana se efectuaron aislamientos y pruebas de patogenicidad. Las muestras recolectadas de tallos y ramas con cancros se sembraron en PDA y se incubaron 72 h a 25 °C. El hongo se purificó y se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad en tres tratamientos, T1) lesiones en ramas de S. bonplandiana donde se inoculó una suspensión de 1×106 conidios mL-1 del hongo, T2) lesiones inoculadas con agua destilada estéril, y T3) testigo absoluto. Los primeros cancros de la enfermedad se observaron en T1 y T2, 11 d después de la inoculación. De estos cancros se reaisló el hongo Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze ex Pers.) Wiltshire con características iguales al inóculo inicial. Además, la secuenciación del ADNr-ITS mostró 99 % de homología con las secuencia de A. tenuissima reportada en el GenBank-NCBI

Effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris Utex 1803 using response surface methodology

Microalgae are an attractive source of metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, pigments and carbohydrates, of potential interest to the pharmaceutical, food and energy sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris. A 3 3 experimental design was performed with STATISTICA 7.0 software in order to determine the effects of flocculant (AlCl 3 ) addition, pH and time. The best strategy of pH adjustment-flocculant addition was evaluated, followed by lipid extraction under optimal conditions. pH adjustment after the addition of flocculant provided higher flocculation efficiencies (87.2-98.9%) compared to adjustments made before adding the flocculant (67.8-85.9%). Experiments performed according to the experimental design led to a flocculation efficiency of 99.7% when 100 mg/L of AlCl 3 , pH 7 and a cultivation time of 18.3 days were used. The percentage of a lipid extract from the flocculated biomass was 2.7% and the flocculant did not affect the production of fatty acid methyl esters

Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and Clinical Implications for Sinus Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Metaâ Regression Analyses

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141205/1/jper0888-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141205/2/jper0888.pd

Factores de riesgo predictores de la asimetría de miembros inferiores en jugadores de deportes de conjunto: baloncesto

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo predictores de la asimetría de miembros inferiores en jugadores de Baloncesto. Metodología: Empírico analítico, estudio tipo descriptivo correlacional con una fase multivariada, todos los deportistas de 15 a 20 años pertenecientes a los clubes y ligas de baloncesto, la muestra se definió a partir de la fórmula de correlación lineal (test bilateral); con una confiabilidad del 95% un poder estadístico del 90% y una correlación esperada de 0,30* con un tamaño de la muestra de 127 deportistas, con un ajuste de pérdida de 10% para un tamaño final de 139 sujetos. así mismo, se utilizaron técnicas e instrumentos de observación y aplicación de encuestas, el plan de análisis fue mediante el programa SPSS versión 24, licenciado por la UAM. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de los deportistas evaluados son simétricos, salvo los deportistas de 18 años quienes en su mayoría son asimétricos, se evidenció que existe correlación estadísticamente significativa con las variables, índice single hop test, índice crossover hop test, triple hop test, sentadilla individual derecha e índice time hop test, con el índice hop test. Conclusiones: La valoración de la asimetría de miembros inferiores puede aportarnos datos muy relevantes en varios procesos deportivos, como por ejemplo en la prevención y recuperación de lesiones, o la predicción del rendimiento. La mayoría de los participantes en el estudio (58,3%) son simétricos, especialmente los de 18 años de edad.Objective: To determine the predictive risk factors of lower limb asymmetry in Basketball players. Methodology: Analytical empirical, descriptive correlational study with a multivariate phase, all athletes between 15- and 20-years old belonging to basketball clubs and leagues, the sample was defined from the linear correlation formula (bilateral test); with a reliability of 95%, a statistical power of 90% and an expected correlation of 0.30 * with a sample size of 127 athletes, with a loss adjustment of 10% for a final size of 139 subjects. Likewise, observation and survey application techniques and instruments were used; the analysis plan was through the SPSS version 24 program, licensed by the UAM. Results: The highest percentage of the athletes evaluated are symmetrical, except for the 18-year-old athletes who are mostly asymmetric, it was evidenced that there is statistically significant correlation with the variables, single hop test index, crossover hop test index, triple hop test, right individual squat and time hop test index, with the hop test index. Conclusions: The assessment of the asymmetry of the lower limbs can provide us with very relevant data in various sports processes, such as in the prevention and recovery of injuries, or the prediction of performance. Most of the study participants (58.3%) are symmetrical, especially those 18 years of age

Competitividad del comercio exterior de la porcicultura mexicana en el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte

El concepto de competitividad utilizado en este trabajo, se define desde el punto de vista del desempeño en el comercio internacional, y se expresa como la capacidad de un país, de una industria, de un segmento o de una cadena productiva para conquistar, mantener o incrementar su participación en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. La competitividad comercial porcícola de los países que conformaron el tlcan en el periodo 1990-2004, se midió con los indicadores siguientes: la participación en los mercados internacionales (pmi), el coeficiente de la ventaja comparativa revelada (vcr), tasa de penetración de las importaciones (tpi) y la exposición a la competencia internacional (eci). Para México, la pmi y la vcr crecieron de 0.02 a 0.8% y de 0.2 a 1.9%, debido al incremento de las exportaciones, lo que significó aumento de competitividad; en contraste los incrementos en la tpi y la eci al pasar de 5.8 a 42.6% y de 5.8 a 41.2%, reflejaron la alta dependencia de México a las importaciones porcícolas, principalmente de los Estados Unidos. Los indicadores para los Estados Unidos y Canadá mostraron un mejor desempeñoEl concepto de competitividad utilizado en este trabajo, se deÀne desde el punto de vista del desempeño en el comercio internacional, y se expresa como la capacidad de un país, de una industria, de un segmento o de una cadena productiva para conquistar, mantener o incrementar su participación en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. La competitividad comercial porcícola de los países que conformaron el tlcan en el periodo 1990-2004, se midió con los indicadores siguientes: la participación en los mercados internacionales (pmi), el coeÀciente de la ventaja comparativa revelada (vcr), tasa de penetración de las importaciones (tpi) y la exposición a la competencia internacional (eci). Para México, la pmi y la vcr crecieron de 0.02 a 0.8% y de 0.2 a 1.9%, debido al incremento de las exportaciones, lo que signiÀcó aumento de competitividad; en contraste los incrementos en la tpi y la eci al pasar de 5.8 a 42.6% y de 5.8 a 41.2%, reÁejaron la alta dependencia de México a las importaciones porcícolas, principalmente de los Estados Unidos. Los indicadores para los Estados Unidos y Canadá mostraron un mejor desempeño

Extracellular Tumor-Related mRNA in Plasma of Lymphoma Patients and Survival Implications

BACKGROUND: We studied anomalous extracellular mRNAs in plasma from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their survival implications. mRNAs studied have been reported in the literature as markers of poor (BCL2, CCND2, MYC) and favorable outcome (LMO2, BCL6, FN1) in tumors. These markers were also analyzed in lymphoma tissues to test possible associations with their presence in plasma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: mRNA from 42 plasma samples and 12 tumors from patients with DLBCL was analyzed by real-time PCR. Samples post-treatment were studied. The immunohistochemistry of BCL2 and BCL6 was defined. Presence of circulating tumor cells was determined by analyzing the clonality of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes by PCR. In DLBCL, MYC mRNA was associated with short overall survival. mRNA targets with unfavorable outcome in tumors were associated with characteristics indicative of poor prognosis, with partial treatment response and with short progression-free survival in patients with complete response. In patients with low IPI score, unfavorable mRNA targets were related to shorter overall survival, partial response, high LDH levels and death. mRNA disappeared in post-treatment samples of patients with complete response, and persisted in those with partial response or death. No associations were found between circulating tumor cells and plasma mRNA. Absence of BCL6 protein in tumors was associated with presence of unfavorable plasma mRNA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Through a non-invasive procedure, tumor-derived mRNAs can be obtained in plasma. mRNA detected in plasma did not proceed from circulating tumor cells. In our study, unfavorable targets in plasma were associated with poor prognosis in B-cell lymphomas, mainly MYC mRNA. Moreover, the unfavorable targets in plasma could help us to classify patients with poor outcome within the good prognosis group according to IPI

Regional analysis of climate variability at three time scales and its effect on rainfed maize production in the Upper Lerma River Basin, Mexico

Rainy season use to be from May to September and actually is from June to September. Rainy season use to be from May to September and actually is from June to September. In the region, the most determinant factor for maize crop losses is the water deficit.This study explored climate variability in the Upper Lerma River Basin, State of Mexico, Mexico, at three timescales: annual (1960–2010), monthly (1980–2010) and seasonal (1980–2010). The effects of monthly and seasonal (2003–2010) variability on rainfed maize crops were also evaluated. The variables of rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and number of hailstorms were interpolated to generate monthly spatial-temporal series. Over a period of 51 years, the climate of the region shows an accumulative annual increase of 131 mm in rainfall and an increase of 0.8 and 0.74 °C in maximum and minimum temperature, respectively. In conclusion, significant changes in the climate variables were found at the three analyzed timescales. Seasonal climate changes were found to coincide with the most vulnerable stage or flowering period of maize; particularly, a shift in the rainfall pattern generates a water deficit that impacts production yield. Hailstorms have increased in frequency, yet their phase shift results in a lesser impact to maize during its most critical stage of development.This study was financed by the Basic Science research project, SEP-CONACYT “Mesoamerican Corn and Scenarios for Local development (El maíz473 mesoamericano y sus escenarios de desarrollo local), No. 130947. The authors also wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers and their comments for improving and restructuring the manuscript in order to highlight the results of this research

Effect of Chia Seed on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Common Carp Restructured as Functional Food

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of restructured meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fortified with 0-8 g/100 g of chia seed flour (CSF) was evaluated. It had a higher nutritional value (higher fibre content and protein retention] (p < 0.05) and better cooking characteristics (higher cooking yield and moisture retention) (p < 0.05) than the control. The colour (a*, b*) increased; lightness and whiteness index decrease (p < 0.05). Hardness increase (p < 0.05) occurred because of CSF addition. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that fibre fortification did not interfere with the thermal transitions of the restructured meat. No significant differences were detected with the preference test scores of 4% or 8% CSF compared with the control. Restructured (4%-8% CSF) had a higher content of fibre and fat, which could be linoleic and linolenic acid, and an increase in the content of protein compared with those of commercial products, among had 1.62 and 2.25 mg AGE/g. Therefore, the restructured properties of common carp were governed by CSF addition