Amélioration de la stabilité dimensionnelle des panneaux de fibre de bois MDF par traitements physico-chimiques

Les objectifs de cette étude ont été 1) d’améliorer la stabilité dimensionnelle des panneaux de fibres de densité moyenne (MDF) par trois traitements physico-chimiques: a) l’estérification, b) l’addition de polypropylène maléaté et c) le traitement à haute température; 2) de déterminer l’effet de ces traitements sur les propriétés mécaniques, les profils de masse volumique et les propriétés de mouillage des panneaux et 3) de déterminer les modifications chimiques suite aux traitements. Des panneaux MDF ont été produits à partir de fibres estérifiées à 5 % d’anhydride maléique. Le traitement a réduit le gonflement en épaisseur et l’absorption d’eau après 2 heures d’immersion dans l’eau. Toutefois, le traitement n’a pas amélioré les propriétés physiques dans les autres conditions. L’angle de contact en retrait a augmenté et l’absorption d’eau par capillarité a diminué suite au traitement. Des panneaux MDF ont été produits avec deux types d’adhésifs (urée-formaldéhyde et mélamine-urée-formaldéhyde) et trois concentrations de polypropylène maléaté (0, 3 et 5 %). Les photomicrographies ont montré la formation d’agglomérats de polypropylène maléaté à l’intérieur des panneaux. Le traitement a réduit le gonflement en épaisseur et l’absorption d’eau après immersion dans l’eau. La dilatation et la contraction linéaire ont augmenté. Le gonflement et le retrait en épaisseur en conditions d’adsorption et de désorption ont diminué. Le traitement a aussi amélioré les propriétés mécaniques ainsi qu’augmenté les angles de contact et diminué l’absorption d’eau par capillarité. La spectroscopie infrarouge n’a pas détecté de réactions chimiques entre les fibres et le polypropylène maléaté. Des panneaux MDF ont été produits à partir de fibres non traitées et de fibres traitées à la chaleur à 150 et 180oC pendant 15, 30 et 60 minutes. Le traitement a réduit le gonflement en épaisseur et l’absorption d’eau après immersion dans l’eau. Le gonflement en épaisseur après des cycles répétés d’humidité relative a augmenté alors que les autres propriétés mesurées dans les mêmes conditions n’ont pas changé. Les angles de contact ont augmenté et l’absorption d’eau par capillarité a diminué. La spectroscopie des photoélectrons a montré une légère réduction du ratio O/C et des changements du ratio C1/C2 pour les fibres traitées.The objectives of this study were 1) to improve the dimensional stability of medium density fiberboards (MDF) by three physical or chemical treatments: a) esterification, b) maleated polypropylene wax and c) heat treatment; 2) to determine the effect of these treatments on the mechanical properties, vertical density profiles and wetting properties of the panels and 3) to determine the chemical modification following treatments. MDF panels were produced from fibers esterified with 5 % maleic anhydride. The esterification treatment showed a reduction in thickness swelling and water absorption after 2 hours water soaking independently of reaction time. However, the treatment did not improve the physical properties after 24 hours water soaking or after relative humidity repeated cycles. The receding contact angle increased while wicking decreased following esterification. MDF panels were produced from two resin types (urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde) and three maleated polypropylene contents (0, 3 and 5 %). Photomicrographs showed that maleated polypropylene forms agregates within the panels. The treatment showed an important reduction of thickness swelling and water absorption after water soaking. Linear expansion and contraction increased following treatment. Thickness swelling and shrinkage in adsorption and desorption conditions decreased following treatment. The treatment improved the mechanical properties. Advancing contact angles increased for panels treated and bonded with urea-formaldehyde. Receding contact angle increased with 5 % maleated polypropylene content while wicking decreased following the treatment independently of maleated polypropylene content. Infrared spectroscopy did not detect chemical reaction between the fibers and the maleated polypropylene. MDF panels were produced from untreated fibers and heat-treated fibers at 150 and 180oC for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Heat treatment showed a reduction on thickness swelling and water absorption after water soaking. Thickness swelling increased after relative humidity repeated cycles. Linear expansion and contraction and springback were not improved by the treatment. The treatment showed no significant effect in the mechanical properties and vertical density profile of the panels. The advancing and receding contact angles increased while wicking decreased by the treatment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed slight decreases in O/C ratio and changes in C1/C2 ratio for heat-treated fibers

Effect of the thermal modification and nano-ZnO impregnation on the deterioration of Caribbean pine wood

This study aimed to investigate the effect of thermal modification and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) particle impregnation on the deterioration of Caribbean pine wood under field conditions. Samples were thermally-modified at various temperature levels (control, 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C). Nano-ZnO impregnation was done with an aqueous solution at 1,5 % in an autoclave under two-steps of pressure and vacuum. Unmodified and thermally-modified, non-impregnated and nano-ZnO-impregnated samples were exposed to deterioration for five months in field tests. A deterioration index was used to evaluate the health condition of the samples. The mass loss and occurrence of termite tunnels in percentage were also determined. The nano-ZnO impregnation improved the resistance of unmodified wood to field-deterioration. The thermal modification at 180oC and 200ºC increased the wood deterioration and nano-ZnO impregnation did not improve their resistance. Unmodified and 220 ºC-modified samples had lower mass loss by xylophages than other thermal treatments regardless of the nanoparticle impregnation. The nano-ZnO impregnation decreases the occurrence of termite tunnels in unmodified, 200 ºC and 220 ºC-modified samples

Wettability of the surface of heat-treated juvenile teak wood assessed by drop shape analyzer

This study investigated the effect of the heat treatment on the wettability of the surface of juvenile teak (Tectona grandis) wood assessed by drop shape analyzer. Heartwood and sapwood samples were heat-treated at 180 and 200oC. Contact angle measurements were done every 5 s for 120 s using a KRÜSS DSA100. Heartwood had lower wettability than sapwood. Heat-treatment decreased the surface wettability of both heartwood and sapwood, especially in the wood treated at 200oC. Heartwood had lower wettability than sapwood, even after heat treatment

Infrared spectroscopy of the surface of thermally-modified teak juvenile wood

During the thermal modification of the wood there is a decreasing gradient of temperature from the surface to its interior, therefore, the most severe chemical modifications occur on the surface. These chemical modifications directly affect the quality and durability of adhesives and coating. Therefore, this study investigated the chemical modification of the surface of thermally-modified teak juvenile wood. Heartwood and sapwood samples were treated at 180 and 200oC. Chemical analyses were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in reflectance mode with a microscope. Spectra showed an increase in cellulose crystallinity and a decrease in relative contents of hydroxyl groups, lignin and extractives – especially quinones, waxes and oils – following thermal modification. Extractive content of the heartwood was relatively higher than that of sapwood. Heartwood was more susceptible to thermal degradation than sapwood

Color stability of weathered heat-treated teak wood

This study investigated the color stability in a heat treatment of teak wood (Tectona grandis) exposed to ultraviolet radiation under accelerated aging conditions. Nine trees from three different spacing levels were used. Samples of 150 mm x 75 mm x 20 mm were prepared and divided into two groups: heartwood and sapwood. Two levels of heat treatment (180 and 200°C) were used. The color was measured every 42 hours with a portable spectrophotometer using the CIE-Lab system. Accelerated aging was performed in a QUV/Spray chamber. The total cycle of exposure to ultraviolet radiation was of 168 hours at 340 nm. Tree planting spacing had no effect on color change after ultraviolet radiation. Untreated sapwood had greater color change than untreated heartwood. However, after heat treatment, sapwood showed high color stability, especially at a temperature of 180°C

SURFACE EVALUATION OF THE HEAT TREATED WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a qualidade da superf\uedcie usinada da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis , submetida ao processo de tratamento t\ue9rmico. As opera\ue7\uf5es de usinagens realizadas nas t\ue1buas obtidas a partir do processamento de mec\ue2nico de seis \ue1rvores foram: desempeno, desengrosso, rasgo na furadeira horizontal, fura\ue7\ue3o, fura\ue7\ue3o para dobradi\ue7a e lixamento. Foram selecionadas 208 t\ue1buas de 125 x 25 x 500 mm, sendo 104 n\ue3o tratadas e 104 tratadas termicamente a uma temperatura final de 190\ub0C. A avalia\ue7\ue3o da superf\uedcie foi feita de acordo com a norma ASTM D-1666/87. O resultado mostrou que a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis apresenta um bom comportamento durante os testes de usinagem, obtendo notas 1 e 2 (excelente e bom), exceto para os testes de fura\ue7\ue3o para a dobradi\ue7a no furo passante e fura\ue7\ue3o com broca de 12, 8 e 6 mm, pois alcan\ue7aram notas entre 2 e 4 (bom, regular e ruim). O tratamento t\ue9rmico diminuiu a quantidade de defeitos nas amostras usinadas, com exce\ue7\ue3o para o defeito gr\ue3 arrancada, em algumas opera\ue7\uf5es de usinagem.The objective of this study was to study the machined surface quality of Eucalyptus grandis wood submitted to heat treatment. The machining operations realized on the boards obtained from the processing of six trees were: planing, thicknessing, tear in horizontal drilling, drilling, drilling hinge and sanding. 208 boards of 125 x 25 x 500 mm were selected, with 104 untreated and 104 heat-treated boards at maximum temperature of 190\ub0C. The evaluation of the surface was performed according to ASTM D-1666/87 standard. The result showed that the Eucalyptus grandis wood presents a good behavior during the machining tests, obtaining notes 1 and 2 (excellent and good), except for drilling hinge test in the bolt hole and drilling with 12, 8, 6 mm, reaching notes between 2 and 4 (good, regular and bad). The heat treatment reduced the number of defects on the machined samples, except for torn grain in some machining operations

AVALIAÇÃO DA SUPERFÍCIE DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden TRATADA TERMICAMENTE

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817472The objective of this study was to study the machined surface quality of Eucalyptus grandis wood submitted to heat treatment. The machining operations realized on the boards obtained from the processing of six trees were: planing, thicknessing, tear in horizontal drilling, drilling, drilling hinge and sanding. 208 boards of 125 x 25 x 500 mm were selected, with 104 untreated and 104 heat-treated boards at maximum temperature of 190ºC. The evaluation of the surface was performed according to ASTM D-1666/87 standard. The result showed that the Eucalyptus grandis wood presents a good behavior during the machining tests, obtaining notes 1 and 2 (excellent and good), except for drilling hinge test in the bolt hole and drilling with 12, 8, 6 mm, reaching notes between 2 and 4 (good, regular and bad). The heat treatment reduced the number of defects on the machined samples, except for torn grain in some machining operations.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817472O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a qualidade da superfície usinada da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, submetida ao processo de tratamento térmico. As operações de usinagens realizadas nas tábuas obtidas a partir do processamento de mecânico de seis árvores foram: desempeno, desengrosso, rasgo na furadeira horizontal, furação, furação para dobradiça e lixamento. Foram selecionadas 208 tábuas de 125 x 25 x 500 mm, sendo 104 não tratadas e 104 tratadas termicamente a uma temperatura final de 190ºC. A avaliação da superfície foi feita de acordo com a norma ASTM D-1666/87. O resultado mostrou que a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis apresenta um bom comportamento durante os testes de usinagem, obtendo notas 1 e 2 (excelente e bom), exceto para os testes de furação para a dobradiça no furo passante e furação com broca de 12, 8 e 6 mm, pois alcançaram notas entre 2 e 4 (bom, regular e ruim). O tratamento térmico diminuiu a quantidade de defeitos nas amostras usinadas, com exceção para o defeito grã arrancada, em algumas operações de usinagem

CHAPAS AGLOMERADAS CONFECCIONADAS COM UREIA-FORMALDEÍDO SOB ADIÇÃO DE TANINO EM PÓ

This work aimed to evaluate the technological properties of particleboards manufactured with particles of Acacia mangium and urea-formaldehyde adhesive by addition of powder form commercial tannin of Acacia mearnsii to their particles. The boards manufactured under different compaction ratio and the effect of these in the properties of the boards evaluated. It used a completely randomized design in the factorial outline 4 x 4 as follows: four percentages of substitution of powder form tannin to the adhesive urea-formaldehyde - 0, 10, 20 and 30%; and four nominal compaction ratios: 1.39, 1.55, 1.73, and 2.00. The pressing cycle used was 3.92 specific pressure with temperature of 140ºC by 8 minutes. The addition of powder tannin to particles with urea-formaldehyde provided some improvements in the physical and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the addition of tannin powder is a viable alternative of use in particleboards, with no need for dilution.Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas de chapas aglomeradas fabricadas com partículas de Acacia mangium e adesivo ureia-formaldeído (UF) mediante adição de tanino comercial de Acacia mearnsii na forma de pó a suas partículas. As chapas foram fabricadas sob diferentes razões de compactação e o efeito destas nas propriedades tecnológicas foi avaliado. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro porcentagens de adição de tanino em pó às partículas (0, 10, 20 e 30%), após aplicação do adesivo ureia-formaldeído e quatro razões de compactação nominais - 1,39, 1,55, 1,73, e 2,00. Foi utilizado o ciclo de prensagem com pressão de 3,92 MPa e temperatura de 140ºC por 8 minutos. A adição de tanino em pó às partículas encoladas com ureia-formaldeído proporcionou melhoras em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Os resultados indicam a adição do tanino em pó como alternativa viável de utilização em chapas de partículas, sem necessidade de sua diluição

Surface roughness of heat treated Eucalyptus grandis wood

This study aimed to evaluate surface roughness of heat treated Eucalyptus grandis wood after peripheral planning and sanding performed in directions to the grain and against the grain. For machining tests, workpieces were collected from two different regions in the radial direction, as follows: internal, nearby the pit; external, nearby the bark. Heat treatment was carried out by heating samples at a maximum temperature of 190ºC, with total treatment duration of 390 minutes. Heat treated and control samples underwent peripheral planning and sanding tests. The quality of machined surfaces was assessed by means of roughness average (Ra) measurements across and along the grain orientation. Results indicated significant differences in surface roughness as a function of machining feed direction, sandpaper grit size, and heat treatment. Surface roughness has not shown any difference in the radial direction