Game theory and the legitimacy of international adjudicative bodies

Traditional legal approaches assume that a court is legitimate when its decisions are faithful to the text that expresses the mandate for which it was created (i.e. the Constitution, in the case of domestic courts; and the treaty, in the case of international courts). However, studies employing game theory show that judges of international courts cannot always be faithful to this mandate and provide the single right legal answer to the cases brought before them for it would risk the stability of the whole system. In light of these findings, this paper exposes the implications that game theory brings to legal theory, reviews the concept(s) of legitimacy of courts, and sketches the foundations of a new theory that justifies their authority, which provides a normative framework to assess their activity. This new theory asserts that the role of international courts is not (cannot be) to provide the unique right legal answer on a case-to-case basis in an approach that focuses on individual rights, but to advance and sustain a “legitimate state of affairs” (objective dimension of rights approach) that is in line with the normative goals that motivated the creation of the international organization

Applications of the moduli continuity method to log K-stable pairs

The 'moduli continuity method' permits an explicit algebraisation of the Gromov-Hausdorff compactification of Kähler-Einstein metrics on Fano manifolds in some fundamental examples. In this paper, we apply such method in the 'log setting' to describe explicitly some compact moduli spaces of K-polystable log Fano pairs. We focus on situations when the angle of singularities is perturbed in an interval sufficiently close to one, by considering constructions arising from Geometric Invariant Theory. More precisely, we discuss the cases of pairs given by cubic surfaces with anticanonical sections, and of projective space with non-Fano hypersurfaces, and we show ampleness of the CM line bundle on their good moduli space (in the sense of Alper). Finally, we introduce a conjecture relating K-stability (and degenerations) of log pairs formed by a fixed Fano variety and pluri-anticanonical sections to certain natural GIT quotients

Influence of Di erent Sieving Methods on Estimation of Sand Size Parameters

Sieving is one of the most used operational methods to determine sand size parameters which are essential to analyze coastal dynamics. However, the influence of hand versus mechanical shaking methods has not yet been studied. Herein, samples were taken from inside the hopper of a trailing suction dredger and sieved by hand with sieves of 10 and 20 cm diameters on board the dredger. Afterwards, these same samples were sieved with a mechanical shaker in the laboratory on land. The results showed di erences for the main size parameters D50, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Amongst the main results, it should be noted that the highest values for D50 and kurtosis were given by the small sieves method. On the other hand, the lowest values were given by the mechanical shaker method in the laboratory. Furthermore, standard deviation and skewness did not seem to be a ected by the sieving method which means that all the grainsize distribution was shifted but the shape remained unchanged. The few samples that do not follow these patterns have a higher percentage of shells. Finally and definitely, the small sieves should be rejected as a sieving method aboard

ESTUDIO DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA DEPRESIÓN EN UN GRUPO DE PACIENTES ADULTOS JÓVENES Y LA SEPARACIÓN DE SUS PADRES EN LA ADOLESCENCIA, CENTRO CEPSIFARI, MACHALA 2017

PDFLa separación parental repercute en los adolescentes en diferentes dimensiones provocando un incremento de problemas de comportamiento, emocionales o psiquiátricos, que implican una desestructuración psicológica para muchos de ellos y que pueden dejar huellas que repercutan en su comportamiento en la etapa adulta. En el centro psicológico Cepsifari de la ciudad de Machala se observaron en consulta un grupo de jóvenes adultos que presentan características indicadoras de estado depresivo como: ideación suicida, baja autoestima, distorsión del autoconcepto, desasosiego, resentimiento además se establece que uno de los aspectos que se repiten en los casos es el haber vivenciado la separación parental en la adolescencia. Se analizó la influencia que la separación parental durante la adolescencia tiene en la aparición de la depresión en la adultez, determinando las características Psicológicas, las principales vivencias durante la separación parental y la relación entre el divorcio parental vivido durante la adolescencia y la presencia de la depresión en los adultos jóvenes. Estudio cualitativo narrativo donde se usaron como instrumentos la entrevista, el Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Se estudiaron los 20 pacientes que corresponde a la totalidad de pacientes adultos atendidos con sintomatología asociada a depresión. Existió predominio del sexo femenino, estado civil divorciado, baja autoestima, distorsión del autoconcepto, estados alterados del humor y sensación de falta de energía. Los eventos derivados de conflictos en las relaciones humanas, como las relaciones de parejas, familia y el ámbito laboral fueron los desencadenantes más frecuentes. Predominó la depresión como estado, y en el caso de la depresión XII como rasgo fue más frecuente el nivel bajo. La depresión leve y moderada fueron las modalidades que más predominaron en el grupo de estudio. Las dimensiones más afectadas fueron estado de ánimo, la insatisfacción, la autoacusación, descontento y la indecisiónParental separation affects adolescent in different dimensions, causing an increase in behavioral problems, emotional or psychiatric, which imply psychological disruption for many of them and which may leave traces that affect their behavior in adulthood. In the Cepsifari psychological center of the city of Machala, a group of young adults with characteristics indicative of depressive status, such as: suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, distortion of self-concept, restlessness, resentment were also observed, one of the aspects that Are repeated in the cases is the having experienced parental separation in adolescence. The influence of parental separation during adolescence on the onset of depression in adulthood was analyzed, determining the psychological characteristics, the main experiences during parental separation and the relationship between parental divorce lived during adolescence and the presence of Depression in young adults. A qualitative narrative study where the interview, the Trait-State Depression Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as instruments. The 20 patients corresponding to all adult patients treated with symptoms associated with depression were studied. There was predominance of the female sex, divorced civil status, low self-esteem, distortion of self-concept, altered states of humor and feeling of lack of energy. Events resulting from conflicts in human relationships, such as relationships of couples, family and the workplace were the most frequent triggers. XIV Depression predominated as a state, and in the case of depression as a trait, the low level was more frequent. Mild and moderate depression were the predominant modalities in the study group. The most affected dimensions were mood, dissatisfaction, self-accusation, discontent and indecisio

Computation of GIT quotients of semisimple groups

We describe three algorithms to determine the stable, semistable, and torus-polystable loci of the GIT quotient of a projective variety by a reductive group. The algorithms are efficient when the group is semisimple. By using an implementation of our algorithms for simple groups, we provide several applications to the moduli theory of algebraic varieties, including the K-moduli of algebraic varieties, the moduli of algebraic curves and the Mukai models of the moduli space of curves for low genus. We also discuss a number of potential improvements and some natural open problems arising from this work.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures. 1 tabl

Structural Determinants for Functional Coupling Between the β and α Subunits in the Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) Channel

High conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK, MaxiK) channels are widely expressed in mammals. In some tissues, the biophysical properties of BK channels are highly affected by coexpression of regulatory (β) subunits. The most remarkable effects of β1 and β2 subunits are an increase of the calcium sensitivity and the slow down of channel kinetics. However, the detailed characteristics of channels formed by α and β1 or β2 are dissimilar, the most remarkable difference being a reduction of the voltage sensitivity in the presence of β1 but not β2. Here we reveal the molecular regions in these β subunits that determine their differential functional coupling with the pore-forming α-subunit. We made chimeric constructs between β1 and β2 subunits, and BK channels formed by α and chimeric β subunits were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The electrophysiological characteristics of the resulting channels were determined using the patch clamp technique. Chimeric exchange of the different regions of the β1 and β2 subunits demonstrates that the NH3 and COOH termini are the most relevant regions in defining the behavior of either subunit. This strongly suggests that the intracellular domains are crucial for the fine tuning of the effects of these β subunits. Moreover, the intracellular domains of β1 are responsible for the reduction of the BK channel voltage dependence. This agrees with previous studies that suggested the intracellular regions of the α-subunit to be the target of the modulation by the β1-subunit

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una microempresa de comercialización de pan congelado para hosterías y restaurantes del cantón Puyo 2013

El proyecto tiene como finalidad, determinar la factibilidad para la producción y comercialización de pan congelado. En el estudio de mercado se realizó la encuesta, el análisis de la oferta y la demanda donde se proporcionó datos positivos. El porcentaje de la demanda a cubrir es del 95% determinando así 940553 unidades a producirse siendo nuestros cliente hosterías y restaurantes del cantón Puyo. En el estudio técnico se estableció los activos fijos, corrientes y mano de obra que contribuirá en el proceso productivo del pan congelado y la determinación de la inversión de la microempresa además se determinó la ubicación en la provincia de Paztasa cantón Puyo ciudad del Puyo en las calles Francisco de Orellana y 10 de Agosto. Se establece en el Estudio jurídico mercantil los requisitos necesarios para su funcionamiento como permisos patente además se conformó la normativa y valores que tendrá la empresa que permitirá su desarrollo en el mercado. No se determina un impacto ambiental ya que en todas las áreas se utiliza energía renovable para su funcionamiento. En el estudio financiero determinó una inversión de 214226,03 dólares para su creación al igual se proyectó sus costos y gastos a futuro obteniendo por medio de ello su utilidad y flujo de caja datos que permitió determinar el Valor Actual Neto (VAN) en 588740,33 dólares siendo positivo en el décimo año y el Periodo De Recuperación Interno (PIR) en el segundo año y una Tasa Interna De Retorno (TIR) del 64% lo cual demuestra la viabilidad de la empresa por su alta rentabilidad.The Project aims to determine how feasable the production and commercialization of frozen bread is. In the market study it was developed the survey, offer-demand analysis where positive data were provided. The percentage of the expected demand is 95%, stating this way 940553 units to be prepared, having as main client’s lodges and restaurants from Puyo city. In the technical study it was set the fixed and current assets and works force that will contribute in the productive process of frozen bread, as well as it was determined the microenterprise investment, in addiction it was determined its location in Pastaza province, Puyo city on Francisco de Orellana and 10 de Agosto streets. In the Merchant Legal study they were set the necessary requirements for its operation such as permissions and license, additionally it was created the regulations and values the company will have in order to allow its development in the market. An environmental impact was not determined since all areas use renewable energy for its operation. The financial study determined an investment of 214226,03 dollars for its creation, besides this, future costs and expenses were forecasted, through which it was obtained the profit and cash flow that allowed determine the Net present value (NPV) in 588740,33 dollars as a positive fact in the tenth year and the Internal Refund Period (IRP) in the second year and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 64%, which demonstrates the practicability of the Enterprise due to its high profitability

ATMOSPHERIC DUST FROM THE UPPER CARBONIFEROUS COPACABANA FORMATION (BOLIVIA): A HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD OF CLIMATE AND VOLCANISM FROM NORTHWESTERN GONDWANA

This study documents the occurrence of atmospheric dust from Pennsylvanian carbonates of the Copacabana Formation, recovered in core (Mobil-Oxy Manuripi X-1) from the Madre de Dios basin (Bolivia), within southern mid-latitudes (~35˚S) of western Gondwana. The Copacabana Formation spans Late Carboniferous-Early Permian time, and thus formed coeval with and in relative proximity to ice centers and associated glacial deposits located at southern paleolatitudes in adjoining regions of Gondwana (e.g. the Paraná, Tarija, and Paganzo basins in Brazil, southeastern Bolivia, and Argentina, respectively). In Late Carboniferous time carbonate deposition of the Copacabana Formation occurred on a ramp isolated from fluvial-deltaic influx, and thus siliciclastic material in this system reflects atmospheric input. The study interval comprises a series of upwardly shallowing successions 1 – 3 m thick ranging from normal marine outer-mid ramp facies to more restricted inner-ramp facies, commonly capped by horizons of microkarsted and/or red mudstone reflecting subaerial exposure of the carbonate ramp. These surface mark abnormal exposure interpreted to record glacial lowstands. Dust recovered from throughout the study section varies from ~1 – 43 wgt % in carbonate facies and is quartzo-feldspathic. Grain size modes range from <1 to 97 µm, with coarser intervals generally corresponding to peak dust content (wgt %), and high-frequency sequence (glacial-stage) boundaries. However, two discrete sources of atmospheric input occur–a western volcanic arc source and eastern continental source, recording both westerly (zonal) and easterly (katabatic) wind directions. The western (volcanic) source records zonal westerlies expected at this mid-latitude (~35˚S) locality. In contrast, easterly winds suggest the influence of katabatic winds associated with Gondwanan ice centers. The most likely dust-sourcing regions are the periglacial to proglacial regions of the Gondwanan ice sheets. Non-volcanic peaks occur most commonly associated with subaerial exposure surfaces suggesting peak dustiness that accompanied glacial stages

Formulación del plan estratégico del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial Rural de Chiguaza, cantón Huamboya, provincia de Morona Santiago, para el periodo 2018 – 2022

La elaboración de un Plan Estratégico para el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial de Chiguaza, cantón Huamboya, provincia de Morona Santiago, período 2018 - 2022, ha sido desarrollado con la finalidad de elaborar estrategias que permitan mejorar la gestión administrativa y el buen uso de los recursos públicos. Se aplicó un análisis FODA, donde se obtuvo un diagnóstico de la situación actual de la institución, además se utilizó herramientas como encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a los funcionarios del GAD Parroquial rural y la ciudadanía en general. Se observó la inexistencia de proyectos que aporten al desarrollo socio-productivo del sector y el escaso conocimiento sobre las competencias de los Comités en el desarrollo local. Finalmente se concluyó que el GAD Parroquial no realiza una planificación acorde a las necesidades de la población, lo que ha generado una débil gestión administrativa en la institución. La implementación del plan estratégico se debe considerar como una herramienta para mejorar el desarrollo institucional, adoptando estrategias enfocadas en alcanzar altos niveles de gestión, será conveniente que el Gobierno Parroquial Rural de Chiguaza considere la implementación de la presente propuesta con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos institucionales. Se recomienda que el GAD construya una línea base por componente que integre todo el plan permitiendo tener una base de información para planificar planes, programas y proyectos, verificar que la inversión pública se haya realizado en concordancia con los componentes establecidos en el plan estratégico.The development of a Strategic Plan to Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial of Chiguaza, Huamboya canton, Morona Santiago province, 2018 - 2022, has been carried out with the aim of devising strategies to improve the administrative management and good use of public resources. A SWOT analysis was applied, where a diagnosis of the current situation of the institution was obtained. In addition tools such as surveys and interviews were applied to officials of rural parish GAD and citizen in general. It was noted the lack of projects that contribute to the socio-productive development of the sector and the lack of knowledge about the committees responsibilities in local development. Finally, it was concluded that the Parish GAD does not perform a planning consistent with the needs of the population, which has generated a weak administrative management in the institution. The implementation of the strategic plan must be seen as a tool for improving the institutional development, adopting strategies focused on achieving high levels of management. It will be appropriate for the Rural Parish Government of Chiguaza considers the implementation of this proposal in order to achieve institutional goals. It is recommended GAD creates a baseline by component that integrates the entire plan, allowing it to have a base of information for preparing plans, programs and projects. It has to check public investment was made in accordance with the components set forth in the strategic plan

Moduli of cubic surfaces and their anticanonical divisors

We consider the moduli space of log smooth pairs formed by a cubic surface and an anticanonical divisor. We describe all compactifications of this moduli space which are constructed using geometric invariant theory and the anticanonical polarization. The construction depends on a weight on the divisor. For smaller weights the stable pairs consist of mildly singular surfaces and very singular divisors. Conversely, a larger weight allows more singular surfaces, but it restricts the singularities on the divisor. The one-dimensional space of stability conditions decomposes in a wall-chamber structure. We describe all the walls and relate their value to the worst singularities appearing in the compactification locus. Furthermore, we give a complete characterization of stable and polystable pairs in terms of their singularities for each of the compactifications considered