Vamos brincar lá fora?” As vivências do brincar numa sala de Jardim de Infância

Relatório da prática profissional supervisionada apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Pré-EscolarO presente relatório surge no âmbito da Prática Profissional Supervisionada em Jardim de Infância, integrada no Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar. O documento que se segue pretende espelhar, de forma crítica e reflexiva, o trabalho desenvolvido no decorrer da prática pedagógica, com um grupo de 18 crianças de 3 anos de idade, num contexto educativo demarcado pelo Movimento da Escola Moderna (MEM) e onde a dimensão pedagógica permite olhar e conhecer a criança na sua individualidade, ajudando-a a fazer o seu caminho diariamente. No seguimento da observação realizada na sala de Jardim de Infância, onde são preconizadas as práticas pedagógicas já mencionadas, foi possível aferir que a promoção das relações e interações estabelecidas entres os protagonistas do processo educativo e o brincar, tanto no interior da sala, como no exterior da mesma, representavam, por si só, pilares fulcrais ao desenvolvimento e autonomia do grupo de crianças. Tendo em conta os pressupostos acima referenciados, o presente estudo pretende conhecer as conceções sobre o brincar dos intervenientes do processo educativo, em particular a educadora cooperante e o grupo de crianças e, simultaneamente, compreender as características das brincadeiras e os brinquedos a que recorriam, tanto em sala como no espaço exterior. Dado que se trata de um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, a investigação inscreve-se, por isso, numa abordagem naturalista. No decorrer do processo, a recolha de dados foi realizada através de registo de notas de campo, entrevista à educadora cooperante e grupos focais com as crianças. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam que as crianças valorizam o brincar no seu quotidiano, preferindo o recurso a equipamentos estruturados que envolvam a atividade motora ou referentes ao faz de conta, com os quais desenvolvem, essencialmente, brincadeiras em grupo e em paralelo, dependendo do espaço em que se encontram. Relativamente ao papel do adulto, os resultados ilustram que este desempenha, sobretudo, um papel participativo nos momentos de brincadeira e de organização e gestão dos espaços e materiais promotores do brincar. O relatório culmina com uma reflexão sobre o trabalho desenvolvido no decorrer da PPS II, com o intuito de perspetivar e encontrar o meu lugar enquanto educadora de infância no tempo em que vivemos. No fundo, compreender o caminho que pretendo trilhar e as opções metodológicas que quero utilizar na minha ação pedagógica.This report is part of the Supervised Professional Practice in Kindergarten, part of the Master in Pre-School Education. The document that follows intends to reflect, in a critical and reflective way, the work developed during the pedagogical practice, with a group of 18 children aged 3 years old, in an educational context defined by the Movimento da Escola Moderna (MEM) and where the The pedagogical dimension makes it possible to look at and get to know the child in his individuality, helping him to make his way on a daily basis. Following the observation carried out in the kindergarten room, where the aforementioned pedagogical practices are recommended, it was possible to verify that the promotion of relationships and interactions established between the protagonists of the educational process and playing, both inside the room and in the exterior of the same, represented, in themselves, key pillars to the development and autonomy of the group of children. Taking into account the assumptions mentioned above, the present study intends to know the conceptions about playing of those involved in the educational process, in particular the cooperative educator and the group of children and, simultaneously, to understand the characteristics of the games and the toys they used, both in the living room and outside. Given that this is a case study of a qualitative nature, the investigation therefore follows a naturalistic approach. During the process, data collection was carried out through the recording of field notes, interviews with the cooperating educator and focus groups with the children. The results of the present study show that children value playing in their daily lives, preferring the use of structured equipment involving motor activity or related to make-believe, with which they essentially develop group and parallel games, depending on of the space they are in. With regard to the role of the adult, the results illustrate that he plays, above all, a participatory role in moments of play and in the organization and management of spaces and materials that promote play. The report culminates with a reflection on the work carried out during the PPS II, with the aim of putting into perspective and finding my place as a kindergarten teacher in the time we live in, basically understanding the path I intend to follow and the methodological options that I want to use it in my pedagogical action.N/

Desempenho psicomotor de crianças de 05 a 06 anos de cemeis da cidade de Anápolis-GO

Objetivo: identificar o desempenho psicomotor de crianças frequentadoras de quatro CEMEIS de quatro regiões diferentes de Anápolis-GO, avaliando os componentes: coordenação motora, esquema corporal e lateralidade. Método: a amostra foi de 80 crianças de ambos os sexos, sendo 20 crianças de cinco a seis anos de idade. Foram aplicados os testes de coordenação motora global, esquema corporal e lateralidade, da bateria de testes de Oliveira. Resultados: em todos os CEMEIs as crianças apresentaram resultados cima do esperado para suas idades, com destaque para os alunos do CMEI II que obtiveram os níveis de 25,80% na coordenação motora global, 36,85% no esquema corporal, e 10,85, na lateralidade. Quando comparados os resultados entre os CEMEIs ficou constatado que CEMEI IV obteve desempenho melhor que os demais no elemento psicomotor lateralidade Considerações finais: pode-se concluir que as crianças de cinco a seis anos dos quatro CEMEIS analisados em Anápolis-GO apresentaram um bom nível psicomotor, obtendo classificação acima da idade delas em todos os elementos analisados: coordenação motora global, esquema corporal e lateralidade, com destaque para o componente lateralidade

ANÁLISE DO USO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS E O IMPACTO NA RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA EM PACIENTES DO CENTRO DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DE UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO EM MINAS GERAIS

The present study aims to describe the profile of antimicrobial use in the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora; analyze the results of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens and evaluate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial species from the specimens. Thus, it is characterized as a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from the analysis of patients' medical records of which, in clinical samples of tracheal aspirate, positive culture was identified for multidrug-resistant bacteria producing carbapenemases hospitalized in the period from 2020 to 2022, at the Santa Catarina University Hospital in Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF). It was observed that factors such as: prolonged ICU stay, use of invasive devices, comorbidities, age, previous use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, COVID co-infection, and gram-negative co-infections can contribute to a poor prognosis of patients. Despite the development of new antimicrobials, such as ceftazidime/avibactam for the treatment of carbapenemase-producing bacteria, it is necessary to implement strict measures to control the use of these drugs.  O presente estudo objetiva-se em descrever o perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos no Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; analisar os resultados do Teste de Sensibilidade aos Antimicrobianos de cepas bacterianas isoladas de amostras clínicas e avaliar a prevalência de espécies bacterianas multirresistentes das amostras. Desta forma, caracteriza-se como um estudo transversal retrospectivo descritivo realizado a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes dos quais em amostras clínicas de aspirado traqueal, foram identificadas cultura positiva para bactérias multirresistentes produtoras de carbapenemases internados no período de 2020 a 2022, no Hospital Universitário Santa Catarina em Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF). Observou-se que fatores como: internação prolongada no CTI, uso de dispositivos invasivos, comorbidades, idade, uso prévio de antimicrobianos de amplo espectro, coinfecção por COVID e coinfecções por gram negativos, podem contribuir para um mau prognóstico dos pacientes. Apesar do desenvolvimento de novos antimicrobianos, como ceftazidima/ avibactam para o tratamento de bactérias produtoras de carbapenemases, é necessária a implementação de medidas rigorosas de controle do uso desses medicamentos

Purchase of products directly from family farms for the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) : cross-sectional study with the universe of brazilian municipalities

A integração entre a agricultura familiar e a alimentação escolar têm o potencial de melhorar a variedade dos cardápios escolares aproximando produção e consumo de alimentos. Este estudo caracterizou os municípios brasileiros quanto à compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado por meio de questionário eletrônico enviado aos 5.565 municípios do país. Participaram da pesquisa 93,2% dos municípios (n = 5.184). Destes, 78,5% adquiriram alimentos da agricultura familiar, destacando-se a região Sul, com a maior frequência de municípios realizando a compra (95,5%), e a região Centro-Oeste com a menor (67,9%). Os municípios de grande porte, com gestão da alimentação escolar do tipo mista, descentralizada ou terceirizada e sem nutricionista como responsável técnico, apresentaram menor frequência de compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Conclui-se que, apesar da ampla efetivação da aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar pelo programa em todo país, 50% dos municípios não investiram o mínimo exigido em lei, demandando ações educativas e de assistência técnica direcionadas para o cumprimento da legislação, em especial nos estados e regiões que apresentaram maiores dificuldades.The integration of family farming with school meals has the potential to improve the variety of school menus thereby bringing the production and consumption of food into closer alignment. This study researched the Brazilian municipalities with respect to the purchase of food from family farms for the National School Food Program. It involved a cross-sectional study conducted via an electronic questionnaire sent to 5,565 municipalities in the country. The research included 93.2% of the municipalities (n = 5,184), 78.5% of which acquired food from family farms, with the highest frequency (95.5%) of the municipalities making the purchase in the southern region, and the lowest (67.9%) in the Central West region. The large-scale municipalities, with mixed, decentralized or outsourced school food management, and without a nutritionist as technical manager, purchased food less frequently from family farms. The conclusion reached is that, despite the widespread acquisition of food from family farms in the program throughout the country, 50% of municipalities did not invest the minimum required by law, requiring actions aimed at compliance with legislation and greater investment, especially in states and regions which revealed the greatest difficulties

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others