Seguridad y salud ocupacional en el sector industrial

The objective of this article was to analyze the impact of occupational safety and health (OSH) training on occupational incidents in an industry in Mexico. This training was given through an intervention in the USG Mexico industry, as a result of the implementation of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PHVA) methodology. The methodology used was exploratory factor analysis to explain the correlation of the variables. The results showed that the implementation of the PHVA methodology was positively correlated with the decrease in accident rates in general, although the interdepartmental relationship was negative since there were significant differences in the areas of maintenance and production. These results demonstrate the opportunity for sustained improvement of working conditions and their immediate effects on productivity and competitiveness of the industries.El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el impacto de la capacitación en la seguridad y salud ocupacional (SySO) en una industria de México. Esta capacitación se dio a través de una intervención sobre en la industria USG México, como resultado de la implementación de la metodología Planear-Hacer-Verificar-Actuar (PHVA). La metodología utilizada fue la regresión lineal para explicar la correlación de las variables. Los resultados mostraron que la implementación de la metodología de PHVA se correlacionó positivamente con la disminución de los índices de siniestralidad de manera general, aunque de manera departamental las relaciones variaron entre los diversos departamentos que integran la industria. Estos resultados evidenciar la oportunidad para mejorar en forma sostenida las condiciones laborales y sus efectos inmediatos en la productividad y la competitividad de las industrias

Diferenças de osmolaridade entre olhos de pacientes com olhos secos sintomáticos e não sintomáticos

Purpose: To analyze whether inter-eye osmolarity differences were related to dry eye symptomatology. Methods: A total of 135 participants were randomly recruited from those who visited in the Optometry Clinic of the Optometry Faculty (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela). In a single scheduled session after the recruitment, the Ocular Surface Disease Index was filled out following the standard instructions and TearLab measurements were made in both the participants’ eyes (10-15 min lapse). Osmolarity values were compared between the right and left eyes and the absolute inter-ocular difference (|OD-OS|) correlated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index score for the whole sample. Based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index score, the sample was divided into four symptomatic subgroups, and differences in the |OD-OS| values were calculated. Results: The whole sample showed a statistically significant inter-eye osmolarity difference (p=0.025; |OD-OS| = 9.2 ± 9.3 mOsm/l) and the correlation between Ocular Surface Disease Index and |OD-OS| (r=0.369; p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in the |OD-OS| value between symptomatic subgroups (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.003). Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between asymptomatic vs. moderate (p=0.006) vs. severe symptomatic patients (p=0.001) and between mild vs. severe symptomatic patients (p=0.045), whereas no difference on |OD-OS| were found between participants with contiguous symptomatic subgroups (all p³0.174). Conclusion: Tear film inter-eye osmolarity differences are significantly higher in severe dry eye disease symptoms.Objetivo: Analisar se as diferenças entre osmolaridade entre os olhos foram relacionadas à sintomatologia do olho seco. Métodos: Um total de 135 participantes foram recrutados aleatoriamente entre os indivíduos da Clínica de Optometria da Faculdade de Optometria (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela). Em uma única sessão agendada após o recrutamento, o Índice de Doenças da Superfície Ocular foi preenchido seguindo as instruções padrão e as mensurações do TearLab foram feitas em ambos os olhos dos participantes (lapso de 10 a 15 min). Os valores de osmolaridade foram com parados entre os olhos direito e o esquerdo e a diferença absoluta ocular (|OD-OS|) correlacionada com a pontuação do Índice de Doença da Superfície Ocular para toda a amostra. Com base na pontuação do Índice de Doença da Superfície Ocular, a amostra foi dividida em quatro subgrupos sintomáticos, e as diferenças nos |OD-OS| os valores foram calcula dos. Resultados: A amostra total mostrou uma diferença de osmolarida de entre os olhos estatisticamente significativa (p=0,025; |OD-OS| = 9,2 ± 9,3 mOsm/l) e a correlação entre o Índice de Doença da Superfície Ocular e |OD-OS| (r=0,369; p<0,001). Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada no valor |OD-OS| entre os subgrupos sintomáticos (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0,003). O teste U de Mann-Whitney mostrou uma diferença significativa entre pacientes assintomáticos versus moderados (p=0,006) versus sintomáticos graves (p=0,001) e entre pacientes sinto máticos leves e graves (p=0,045), enquanto que nenhuma di ferença de |OD-OS| foi encontrada entre os participantes de subgrupos sintomáticos contíguos (todos p³0,174). Conclusão: As diferenças entre osmolaridade inter-ocular do filme lacrimal são significativamente maiores nos sintomas graves da doença do olho secoThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education and the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) through research project PI10/01098S

An Alternative Interpretation for the Moduli Fields of the Cosmology Associated to Type IIB Supergravity with Fluxes

We start with a particular cosmological model derived from type IIB supergravity theory with fluxes, where usually the dilaton is interpreted as a Quintessence field. Instead of that, in this letter we interpret the dilaton as the dark matter of the universe. With this alternative interpretation we find that in this supergravity model gives a similar evolution and structure formation of the universe compared with the $\Lambda$CDM model in the linear regime of fluctuations of the structure formation. Some free parameters of the theory are fixed using the present cosmological observations. In the non-linear regimen there are some differences between the type IIB supergravity theory with the traditional CDM paradigm. The supergravity theory predicts the formation of galaxies earlier than the CDM and there is no density cusp in the center of galaxies. These differences can distinguish both models and can give a distinctive feature to the phenomenology of the cosmology coming from superstring theory with fluxes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, references added, minor modifications, typos corrected. Version accepted for publication in IJMP

Evaluation of the relationship between symptomatic assessment, corneal staining and tear meniscus by image analysis

Purpose: Vital staining is one of the most widely tests used to evaluate corneal damage. This study aimed to assess the relationship of corneal damage with tear meniscus height (TMH) and dry eye symptomatology. Material and methods: 530 subjects were recruited among patients of the Optometry Clinic (USC). Previously, all of them completed an OSDI questionnaire. Two videos of the ocular surface were recorded from each patient by a digital camera attached to a slit-lamp. Firstly, a video of the central tear meniscus under 40x with the Tearscope device illumination was recorded. From those videos, a masked observer extracted one image and TMH was measured by using the ImageJ software. Secondly, after fluorescein instillation, the corneal surface was recorded by another experienced masked observer, who assigned a category to the corneal damage based on the Oxford Scheme. The evaluation was stratified by corneal zones based on the CCLRU grading scales (central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal). Results: When the sample was grouped by the corneal staining Oxford Grade, there was a statistical difference between groups in OSDI and TMH value (ANOVA: both p≤0.006). There was a difference in OSDI value when corneal damage was in nasal or inferior areas (t-test; both p≤0.015), and a difference in TMH value arose when damage was in the central, nasal or inferior areas (t-test; all p≤0.013). Conclusions: There is a relationship between corneal damage grade and corneal zones with dry eye symptomatology and tear film volume.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education and the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) through research project PI10/01098.S

Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and 2,4-D in Carduus acanthoides L. from Argentina and Alternative Control Solutions

Carduus acanthoides L. is an invasive species native to Europe and distributed in other parts of the world, including North and South America. In Cordoba, Argentina, control failures of this species have been reported in Roundup Ready (RR) soybean crops where glyphosate and 2,4-D have frequently been applied, although there are no confirmed reports worldwide of resistance to glyphosate and 2,4-D in this species. Dose–response tests showed multiple-resistance to both active principles. The resistant population (R) had LD50 values of 1854.27 and 1577.18 g ae ha−1 (grams of acid equivalent per hectare), while the susceptible (S) population had LD50 values of 195.56 and 111.78 g ae ha−1 for glyphosate and 2,4-D, respectively. Low accumulations of shikimic acid (glyphosate) and ethylene (2,4-D) at different doses in the R population compared to the S population support the results observed in the dose–response curves. No significant differences in leaf retention were observed for glyphosate and 2,4-D in the R and S populations. However, the use of adjuvants increased the retention capacity of herbicides in both populations. Ten alternative herbicides with seven different action mechanisms (MOAs) were evaluated and the most effective active principles were dicamba, bromoxynil, atrazine, tembotrione, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, and paraquat. These findings are the first evidence of glyphosate and 2,4 D resistance in C. acanthoides

Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Field Management of Red Brome (Bromus rubens L.) in Perennial Crops Grown in Southern Spain

The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, whereas previously it had been well controlled with field dose (1080 g ae ha−1). Characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the presence of B. rubens collected in Andalusia. A rapid shikimic acid accumulation screening showed 17 resistant (R) populations with values between 300 and 700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight and three susceptible (S) populations with values between 1200 and 1700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight. In dose–response experiments the GR50 values agreed with previous results and the resistance factors (RFs: GR50 R/GR50 S (Br1)) were between 4.35 (Br9) and 7.61 (Br19). Foliar retention assays shown no differences in glyphosate retention in both R and S populations. The tests carried out in a resistant field (Br10) demonstrated the control efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides since flazasulfuron in the tank mix with glyphosate had up to 80% control 15 to 120 days after application (DAA) and grass weed postemergence herbicides, such as propaquizafop + glyphosate and quizalofop + glyphosate, had up to 90% control 15 to 90 DAA. Results confirm the first scientific report of glyphosate-resistant B. rubens worldwide; however, the use of herbicides with another mode of action (MOA) is the best tool for integrated weed management

Effective Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Cardiac Catheterization

Exposure to ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization can have harmful consequences for patients and for the medical staff involved in the procedures. Minimizing radiation doses during the procedures is essential. We investigated whether fine-tuning the radiation protocol reduces radiation doses in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. In January 2016, we implemented a new protocol with reduced radiation doses in the Hospital de Jerez catheterization laboratory. We analyzed 170 consecutive coronary interventional procedures (85 of which were performed after the new protocol was implemented) and the personal dosimeters of the interventional cardiologists who performed the procedures. Overall, the low-radiation protocol reduced air kerma (dose of radiation) by 44.9% (95% CI, 18.4%–70.8%; P=0.001). The dose-area product decreased by 61% (95% CI, 30.2%– 90.1%; P <0.001) during percutaneous coronary interventions. We also found that the annual deep (79%, P=0.026) and shallow (62.2%, P=0.035) radiation doses to which primary operators were exposed decreased significantly under the low-radiation protocol. These dose reductions were achieved without increasing the volume of contrast media, fluoroscopy time, or rates of procedural complications, and without reducing the productivity of the laboratory. Optimizing the radiation safety protocol effectively reduced radiation exposure in patients and operators during cardiac catheterization procedures

Non-Target Site Mechanisms Endow Resistance to Glyphosate in Saltmarsh Aster (Aster squamatus)

Of the six-glyphosate resistant weed species reported in Mexico, five were found in citrus groves. Here, the glyphosate susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were evaluated in saltmarsh aster (Aster squamatus), a weed that also occurs in Mexican citrus groves. The R population accumulated 4.5-fold less shikimic acid than S population. S plants hardly survived at 125 g ae ha−1 while most of the R plants that were treated with 1000 g ae ha−1, which suffered a strong growth arrest, showed a vigorous regrowth from the third week after treatment. Further, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate basal and enzymatic activities did not diverge between populations, suggesting the absence of target-site resistance mechanisms. At 96 h after treatment, R plants absorbed ~18% less glyphosate and maintained 63% of the 14C-glyphsoate absorbed in the treated leaf in comparison to S plants. R plants metabolized twice as much (72%) glyphosate to amino methyl phosphonic acid and glyoxylate as the S plants. Three non-target mechanisms, reduced absorption and translocation and increased metabolism, confer glyphosate resistance saltmarsh aster. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance recorded for A. squamatus in the world

EXCEL COMO AUXILIAR EN LA GENERACIÓN DE REPORTES EN SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN (EXCEL AS AN AUXILIARY IN THE GENERATION OF REPORTS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS)

ResumenLos sistemas de información ofrecen la funcionalidad de analizar información y generar reportes que sean de interés a los varios niveles gerenciales y de administración de una empresa u organización. Sin embargo, nuevas necesidades de información generan nuevos requisitos de software y por lo tanto la necesidad de extender la funcionalidad de estos sistemas, lo que a su vez tiene costos y riesgos de desarrollo de software asociados. En este trabajo se propone usar la herramienta de Excel como un auxiliar en la generación de reportes que puedan asistir la administración de información. Nuestra propuesta incluye un flujo de trabajo en el que existen dos transformaciones de información: (a) de una base de datos no relacional a una relacional, es decir de MongoDB a MySQL, (b) de una base de datos relacional a una hoja de cálculo, es decir de MySQL a Excel. Finalmente, en Excel se propone el uso de tablas pivote para asistir el análisis dinámico de la información. Como caso de estudio se presenta el Sistema de Registro de Asistencias del Centro de Auto-Aprendizaje de Idiomas del Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios de la Universidad de Guanajuato en la Sede Yuriria.Palabra(s) Clave: MongoDB, MySQL, Tablas pivote, VBA, Visual Basic para Aplicaciones. AbstractInformation systems offer the functionality to collect, store, and analyses data and generate reports for a business or organization. However, new needs of information generate new software requirements and therefore the need to extend the functionality of the systems incurring in additional software development costs and risks. This work proposes the use of Microsoft Excel as a tool to assist the analysis of data and the generation of new reports providing meaningful information to assist the decision making in the administration of the center. Our proposal comprises two transformations of the data: (a) from a non-relational database to a relational database, and (b) from a relational database to Microsoft Excel. We take as a case of study the attendance registration systems of the Self Access and Learning Language Centre at the Department of Multidisciplinary Studies of the University of Guanajuato in Yuriria.Keywords: MongoDB, MySQL, Pivot tables, VBA, Visual Basic for Applications

Asp376Glu mutation and enhanced metabolism controlling the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Ixophorus unisetus (J. Presl) Schltdl. from the Bajio, Mexico

A study was carried out to determine the ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the Mexican grass Ixophorus unisetus, a troublesome weed in corn crops in Mexico. First, the resistance was confirmed in field screening assays. Eight populations that survived nicosulfuron treatment at a field rate of 40 g ai ha−1 were labeled as putative-resistant. Dose–response trials demonstrated a high resistance in the eight populations (GR50 from 140.33 to 245.46 g ai ha−1). The synergism of malathion plus nicosulfuron demonstrated that the non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanism based on cytochrome P450 (Cyt-P450) was involved in five populations of I. unisetus. Molecular studies revealed that a single-nucleotide change occurs in the amino acid at position 376 (from GAT to GAG), which codifies from Asp-376 to Glu-376. This is the first time that Asp-376-Glu has been reported in this species. Assays in vitro and in vivo demonstrated I. unisetus cross-resistance to flucarbazone, penoxsulam, bispyribac-Na, and imazamox. No multiple resistance was found in two resistant populations exposed to different herbicides. Our results indicate that the lack of good control over Mexican grass in corn with ALS inhibitors is due to target-site mutation and NTSR mechanisms (Cyt-P450-mediated metabolism). A strategy should be established in Mexican fields to continue controlling this weed, including mechanical control practices and a good combination of the available pre- and post-emergence herbicides