La Ley, las obras y la gracia: Gal 3,10-14 a la luz de Qumran

This contribution tries to present how the texts from Qumran can illuminate some elements of the writings of Paul. Two examples of the language and the terminology used by Paul, as well as a central topic of his theology, are analyzed and clarified by the Qumran texts, not by an improbable genetic relationship or literary dependence, but by the common use of the same source: the Hebrew Scriptures

Development of innovative analytical methodologies, mainly focused on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, to characterise building materials and their degradation processes based on the study performed in the historical building Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Basque Country, Spain)

282 p.The characterisation and preservation of Cultural Heritage is of great importance in order to understand and preserve human evolution and history. Mortars are usually the main material employed in the construction of buildings belonging to Cultural Heritage. These building materials are multi-layered complex systems, often characterised by an inhomogeneous structure with a composition varying surprisingly depending on their geographical location and time period. The characterisation of the original composition and the definition of the degradation reactions of mortars can give assistance to restorers and can lead to propose new ways for future conservation (e.g. preventive conservation). In this PhD. Thesis, new Analytical Methodologies have been developed for the characterisation of mortars and the diagnosis of pathologies present on them, trying to encompass some of the most important facts present in the current evolution of the science dedicated to Cultural Heritage. Portable devices based on elemental and molecular spectroscopic techniques have been demonstrated as powerful tools to extract reliable conclusions without extracting any sample, which is of high importance when dealing with objects belonging to Cultural Heritage. On the one hand, different new easy and cost-effective natural and artificial passive samplers useful for the characterisation of the increasing atmospheric Particulate Matter in the current atmosphere are proposed in order to study the effect of its deposition over the building materials. On the other hand, the advantages of the increasing in situ non-destructive analytical techniques are also shown as well as the development of new X-ray fluorescence based quantification methodologies as an easy, cost effective and Green Analytical Chemistry option to other more traditionally employed techniques for the characterisation of building materials and their degradation products. At the time of starting the project of this PhD. Thesis, the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and the City Council of Getxo (Basque Country, Spain) signed an agreement to recover a highly degraded historical building, the Punta Begoña Galleries. The proposed methodologies have been developed based on the materials from this building and the degradation processes that are suffering

Presencia española en Extremo Oriente: el caso de Tailandia en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

Sin resume

Development of innovative analytical methodologies, mainly focused on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, to characterise building materials and their degradation processes based on the study performed in the historical building Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Basque Country, Spain)

282 p.The characterisation and preservation of Cultural Heritage is of great importance in order to understand and preserve human evolution and history. Mortars are usually the main material employed in the construction of buildings belonging to Cultural Heritage. These building materials are multi-layered complex systems, often characterised by an inhomogeneous structure with a composition varying surprisingly depending on their geographical location and time period. The characterisation of the original composition and the definition of the degradation reactions of mortars can give assistance to restorers and can lead to propose new ways for future conservation (e.g. preventive conservation). In this PhD. Thesis, new Analytical Methodologies have been developed for the characterisation of mortars and the diagnosis of pathologies present on them, trying to encompass some of the most important facts present in the current evolution of the science dedicated to Cultural Heritage. Portable devices based on elemental and molecular spectroscopic techniques have been demonstrated as powerful tools to extract reliable conclusions without extracting any sample, which is of high importance when dealing with objects belonging to Cultural Heritage. On the one hand, different new easy and cost-effective natural and artificial passive samplers useful for the characterisation of the increasing atmospheric Particulate Matter in the current atmosphere are proposed in order to study the effect of its deposition over the building materials. On the other hand, the advantages of the increasing in situ non-destructive analytical techniques are also shown as well as the development of new X-ray fluorescence based quantification methodologies as an easy, cost effective and Green Analytical Chemistry option to other more traditionally employed techniques for the characterisation of building materials and their degradation products. At the time of starting the project of this PhD. Thesis, the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and the City Council of Getxo (Basque Country, Spain) signed an agreement to recover a highly degraded historical building, the Punta Begoña Galleries. The proposed methodologies have been developed based on the materials from this building and the degradation processes that are suffering

The authority of 4 Ezra and the Jewish origin of the American Indians

La presente nota estudia el texto de 4 Esdras 13,39-50, un libro considerado como apócrifo desde el Concilio de Trento pero cuya autoridad es indiscutida en España durante todo el siglo XVI; la referencia que allí se hace al destierro de las diez tribus de Israel es el elemento clave en la polémica sobre el posible origen judío de los indios americanos. La nota estudia algunas de las obras más representativas de esa polémica durante el siglo XVI.This paper studies 4 Ezra 13,39-50, a book which has been regarded as apocryphal since the Council of Trent, but which maintained an undisputed authority in Spain throughout the 16th Century; the reference to the exile of the ten tribes of Israel in this text is a key element in the polemic of the Jewish origin of the American Indians. The paper presents some of the most representative works of this polemic from the 16th Century

Qumrán en el siglo XXI cambios y perspectivas después de 50 años de estudios

Overview of the changes that have marked the research on the Dead Sea Scrolls since the publication of all the manuscripts; summary of the most important polemic still going and presentation of the main lines of future research.Presentación de los cambios operados en la investigación de los manuscritos de Qumrán desde que la totalidad de los manuscritos ha sido publicada; resúmen de las principales polémicas en curso, así como indicación de las perspectivas abiertas para el futuro

Presencia española en Extremo Oriente: el caso de Tailandia en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

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Interpretación de la Biblia en Qumrán

The manuscriptsfrom Qumran are fundamentally biblical exegesis in spite of the variety of contents and literary genres. The author analyses, on the one hand, the characteristics of Qumran's biblical exegesis. He mentions first the «derash ha-Torah», that is, the «Interpretation of the Law», that aims to find the hidden element («nistar») in the Law, what is to be distinguished from the revealed one («nigle»). The former is revealed to the community members only, by means of the «Interpreter of the Law», that is, of the «Teacher ofJustice», and it is to be concealed from those outside the community. Then the author discusses the interpretation of Prophets (and Psalms) («pesher ha-nebi'im») and states that it is determined by the principle of «escatologization », i. e., the meaning of these writings is referred to the historical present of the community. In this interpretation the «Teacher of Justice» plays an essential role. On the other hand, the author studies the function of this exegesis inside the community. He characterizes it as compulsory for the community members. The exegesis also serves as the discriminatory element between the community members and the rest of the people