Physical activity quantification in elder women

Cuantificación de la actividad física en mujeres mayores

Analysis and comparison of monofocal, extended depth of focus and trifocal intraocular lens profiles

To test the feasibility of using profilometers to extract information about IOL surfaces design. A standard monofocal IOL (Tecnis 1), a monofocal IOL that provided some depth of focus (Eyhance), an extended depth of focus IOL based on refractive optics (Mini Well) and a trifocal IOL based on diffractive optics were used in this study (Tecnis Synergy). The surface topography of the IOLs was measured by using a multimode optical profilometer. Posterior surface of Tecnis 1 IOL was spherical and the anterior surface aspherical. In the Eyhance IOL, posterior surface was spherical and anterior surface did not fit to any of our reference surfaces, indicating a higher order aspheric surface design. In the Mini Well Ready IOL, a best-fit sphere surface was obtained for the second surface and a high order aspherical surface design was deduced for the first surface. The anterior surface of the Synergy IOL was aspherical and the base curve of the diffractive structure fitted very well to a spherical surface. To consider an aspheric surface as possible best-fit surface provided more information than if only best-fit spherical surface was considered. The high order aspheric surface designs employed in the IOLs studied presented differences, regarding best-fit asphere surface, higher than 1 micron. These differences were correlated with the generation of spherical aberration complex profiles (with Zernike terms higher than 4th order) and with the production of distinct amounts of depth of focus. This method was also useful to deduce the base curve of diffractive surfaces.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain (project AICO/2021/130)

La importancia del diseño de una página web de un departamento

En este proyecto pretendemos mejorar la visibilidad de la página web del departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía a partir de la creación de un nuevo diseño de la misma. Trataremos por tanto de diseñar una estrategia de promoción de toda la actividad que esté relacionada con el departamento y del personal que lo conforma. Diversos aspectos deberán ser analizados y definidos para la puesta en marcha del proyecto. Primero de todo es importante determinar cuál es la información que debe aparecer en la página web y de qué manera. Para ello se debe establecer un mecanismo de toma de decisiones que decida la política de la página web. Los resultados de este nuevo diseño y estrategia serán analizados a partir de las estadísticas que ofrece la propia página web institucional. Estableceremos comparativas entre las visitas realizadas antes y después de crear el nuevo diseño y también analizaremos la actividad generada entorno a la página web. Por último, trataremos de establecer cuáles serían los recursos mínimos que se deberían destinar los departamentos para mantener una página web actualizada y atractiva de manera viable y duradera en el tiempo

Understanding the Real Effect of the High-Order Aberrations after Myopic Femto-Lasik

In this work we try to understand the real effect of increase in aberrations after Femto-LASIK surgery on the patient’s final visual quality, specifically when the visual acuity measurement is considered. A clinical study with 37 eyes of 20 patients that underwent myopic Femto-LASIK surgery and different personalized eye model simulations were carried out. In clinical study, correlations between pre- and postoperative parameters with visual acuity were analysed. Eye simulations (based on real data) provided simulations of vision quality before and after surgery. Our main results showed a significant increase in aberrations was obtained after surgery; however, no differences were found between the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA). This absence of differences in visual quality could be explained by performing different simulations on three eyes that would cover most of the possible clinical situations. Simulations were implemented considering a pupil size of 2.5 mm and the personalized data of each patient. Results showed that final visual acuity (VA) change are determined by the final high-order aberrations (HOAS) and their increase after surgery but measured under photopic conditions. In conclusion, customized analysis of higher-order aberrations in scotopic pupils better predicts patient visual acuity after Lasik surgery.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain (project AICO/2021/130)

Comparison of the optical quality vision between real post-LASIK myopic laser surgery and the simulated implantation of a phakic IOL in low myopia

A phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) of − 4.5 D was characterized from its wavefront aberration profile. A preclinical study was conducted using pre- and post-surgery data from four patients that had undergone myopic laser refractive surgery. All these patients would have needed a PIOL of − 4.5 D. Pre-surgery data were used to simulate the effect of a PIOL implantation. Post myopic refractive surgery data were used to calculate the post-LASIK eye model. Modulation transfer function (MTF), point spread function (PSF) and simulation of optotypes vision were obtained and compared. The PIOL did not worsen the optical quality of the eyes evaluated. High order Aberrations were always higher in the post-LASIK eye model. Optics quality trended to be better in PIOL implantation than post-LASIK surgery as pupil size increased.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain (project AICO/2021/130)

Use of water troughs by wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a farmland area of north–west Spain

P. 233-240Use of water troughs by wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a farmland area of north–west Spain.— Installation of water troughs is a common approach to increase densities of small game species in the Iberian peninsula but little is known about the watering patterns of target species, such as the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Using camera trapping, we monitored the use of water troughs by wild rabbits over 228 weeks in three consecutive periods, from June to October in 2008, 2009 and 2010, on farmland in north–west Spain. Wild rabbits used 43% of the water troughs. A significantly higher number of rabbits were observed drinking at troughs surrounded by shrub cover than at those in open fields. Most drinking events were recorded from July to September (98%), though the use of water troughs was not clearly related to weather. Wild rabbits drank mainly during the morning (52% of rabbits), less so in the evening and at night, and rarely in the afternoon. Wild rabbits were photographed together with red–legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in 6% of photographs. These findings suggest water troughs are useful for species such as wild rabbits and should be allocated close to shrub areas. Uso de bebederos por parte del conejo de monte (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en un paisaje agrícola en el noroeste de España.— En la península Ibérica, los bebederos son una herramienta de gestión de hábitat muy frecuente para incrementar las densidades de especies de caza menor, aunque el comportamiento de ingestión de agua de las especies "diana" no se ha estudiado en profundidad, como es el caso del conejo de monte (Oryctolagus cuniculus).Estudiamos el uso de bebederos por parte de conejos de monte durante 228 períodos de una semana en tres períodos consecutivos (junio–octubre) de 2008, 2009 y 2010 en un paisaje agrícola de noroeste de España, utilizando cámaras de fototrampeo. Los conejos utilizaron el 43% de los bebederos y se observó un número significativamente mayor de conejos bebiendo en bebederos rodeados por cobertura vegetal en comparación con bebederos situados en campos abiertos sin dicha cobertura vegetal. La mayoría de los conejos que bebieron fueron fotografiados de julio a septiembre (98%), si bien la utilización de bebederos no se relacionó claramente con la climatología. Los conejos bebieron principalmente durante la mañana (52% de los conejos) no tanto durante la tarde y noche, y raramente durante el mediodía. Los conejos se fotografiaron junto con perdices rojas (Alectoris rufa) en el 6% de las fotografías. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los bebederos son útiles para el conejo y otras especies con necesidades hídricas similares y que debieran ser colocados cerca de zonas con cobertura vegetal arbustiva.S

Endoworm: A new semi-autonomous enteroscopy device

[EN] Using enteroscopes with therapeutic capacity to explore the small intestine entails certain limitations, including long exploration times, patient discomfort, the need for sedation, a high percentage of incomplete explorations and a long learning curve. This article describes the advances and setbacks encountered in designing the new Endoworm enteroscopy system, a semi-autonomous device consisting of a control unit and three cavities that inflate and deflate in such a way that the bowel retracts over the endoscope. The system can be adapted to any commercial enteroscope. Endoworm was tested in different intestine models: a polymethyl methacrylate rigid tube, an in vitro polyester urethane model, an ex vivo pig model and an in vivo animal model. The general behavior of the prototype was evaluated by experienced medical personnel. The mean distance covered through the lumen was measured in each cycle. The system was found to have excellent performance in the rigid tube and in the in vitro model. The ex vivo tests showed that the behavior depended largely on the mechanical properties of the lumen, while the in vivo experiments suggest that the device will require further modifications to improve its performance.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through Project PI12/01000 and also from UPV/IIS LA Fe through the Endoworm 3.0 Project. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008–2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program and CIBER Actions, and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with the assistance of the European Regional Development Fund.Sánchez-Diaz, C.; Senent-Cardona, E.; Pons, V.; Santonja Gimeno, AV.; Vidaurre Garayo, AJ. (2018). Endoworm: A new semi-autonomous enteroscopy device. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine. 232(11):1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954411918806330S113711432321

Different resource allocation strategies result from selection for litter size at weaning in rabbit does

This study examined the effect of long-term selection of a maternal rabbit line, solely for a reproductive criterion, on the ability of female rabbits to deal with constrained environmental conditions. Female rabbits from generations 16 and 36 (n = 72 and 79, respectively) of a line founded and selected to increase litter size at weaning were compared simultaneously. Female rabbits were subjected to normal (NC), nutritional (NF) or heat (HC) challenging conditions from 1st to 3rd parturition. Animals in NC and NF were housed at normal room temperatures (18°C to 25°C) and respectively fed with control (11.6 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg dry matter (DM), 126 g digestible protein (DP)/kg DM, and 168 g of ADF/kg DM) or low-energy fibrous diets (9.1 MJ DE/kg DM, 104 g DP/kg DM and 266 g ADF/kg DM), whereas those housed in HC were subjected to high room temperatures (25°C to 35°C) and the control diet. The litter size was lower for female rabbits housed in both NF and HC environments, but the extent and timing where this reduction took place differed between generations. In challenging conditions (NF and HC), the average reduction in the reproductive performance of female rabbits from generation 16, compared with NC, was &#8722;2.26 (P<0.05) and &#8722;0.51 kits born alive at 2nd and 3rd parturition, respectively. However, under these challenging conditions, the reproductive performance of female rabbits from generation 36 was less affected at 2nd parturition (&#8722;1.25 kits born alive), but showed a greater reduction at the 3rd parturition (&#8722;3.53 kits born alive; P<0.05) compared with NC. The results also showed differences between generations in digestible energy intake, milk yield and accretion, and use of body reserves throughout lactation in NC, HC and NF, which together indicate that there were different resource allocation strategies in the animals from the different generations. Selection to increase litter size at weaning led to increased reproductive robustness at the onset of an environmental constraint, but failure to sustain the reproductive liability when the challenge was maintained in the long term. This response could be directly related to the shortterm environmental fluctuations (less severe) that frequently occur in the environment where this line has been selected.The authors thank Professor Enrique Blas Ferrer for his valuable comments on the initial version of this document, Juan Carlos Moreno for his help in conducting the trial at the experimental farm, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project: AGL2011-30170-C02-01) for economic support.Savietto, D.; Cervera Fras, MC.; Ródenas Martínez, L.; Martínez Paredes, EM.; Baselga Izquierdo, M.; García Diego, FJ.; Larsen, T.... (2014). Different resource allocation strategies result from selection for litter size at weaning in rabbit does. Animal. 8(4):618-628. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113002437S61862884García-Diego, F.-J., Pascual, J. J., & Marco, F. (2011). Technical Note: Design of a large variable temperature chamber for heat stress studies in rabbits. 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Effect of lucerne-based diets on performance of reproductive rabbit does at two temperatures. Animal Science, 76(2), 283-295. doi:10.1017/s1357729800053534Fernández-Carmona, J., Cervera, C., Sabater, C., & Blas, E. (1995). Effect of diet composition on the production of rabbit breeding does housed in a traditional building and at 30°C. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 52(3-4), 289-297. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(94)00715-lHarano, Y., Ohtsuki, M., Ida, M., Kojima, H., Harada, M., Okanishi, T., … Shigeta, Y. (1985). Direct automated assay method for serum or urine levels of ketone bodies. Clinica Chimica Acta, 151(2), 177-183. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90321-3Dauncey, M. J. (1990). Thyroid hormones and thermogenesis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 49(2), 203-215. doi:10.1079/pns19900024Savietto, D., Blas, E., Cervera, C., Baselga, M., Friggens, N. C., Larsen, T., & Pascual, J. J. (2012). Digestive efficiency in rabbit does according to environment and genetic type. 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Livestock Science, 103(1-2), 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.01.007Brecchia, G., Bonanno, A., Galeati, G., Federici, C., Maranesi, M., Gobbetti, A., … Boiti, C. (2006). Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to fasting: Effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis and reproductive performance of rabbit does. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 31(2), 105-122. doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.09.006Piles, M., Garreau, H., Rafel, O., Larzul, C., Ramon, J., & Ducrocq, V. (2006). Survival analysis in two lines of rabbits selected for reproductive traits1. Journal of Animal Science, 84(7), 1658-1665. doi:10.2527/jas.2005-678Sanchez, J. P., Baselga, M., & Ducrocq, V. (2006). Genetic and environmental correlations between longevity and litter size in rabbits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 123(3), 180-185. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00590.xQuevedo, F., Cervera, C., Blas, E., Baselga, M., & Pascual, J. J. (2006). 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Genetics of litter size in three maternal lines of rabbits: Repeatability versus multiple-trait models. Journal of Animal Science, 84(9), 2309-2315. doi:10.2527/jas.2005-622Garcı́a, M. L., & Baselga, M. (2002). Estimation of genetic response to selection in litter size of rabbits using a cryopreserved control population. Livestock Production Science, 74(1), 45-53. doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00280-9Cervera, C., & Carmona, J. F. (s. f.). Nutrition and the climatic environment. Nutrition of the rabbit, 267-284. doi:10.1079/9781845936693.0267Nicodemus, N., Redondo, R., Pérez-Alba, L., Carabaño, R., De Blas, J. C., & García, J. (2010). Effect of level of fibre and type of grinding on the performance of rabbit does and their litters during the first three lactations. Livestock Science, 129(1-3), 186-193. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.023Theilgaard, P., Sánchez, J., Pascual, J., Berg, P., Friggens, N. C., & Baselga, M. (2007). Late reproductive senescence in a rabbit line hyper selected for reproductive longevity, and its association with body reserves. Genetics Selection Evolution, 39(2), 207. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-39-2-207Martínez-Paredes, E., Ródenas, L., Martínez-Vallespín, B., Cervera, C., Blas, E., Brecchia, G., … Pascual, J. J. (2012). Effects of feeding programme on the performance and energy balance of nulliparous rabbit does. animal, 6(7), 1086-1095. doi:10.1017/s1751731111002643Baselga M 2004. Genetic improvement of meat rabbits. Programmes and diffusion. In Proceedings of 8th World Rabbit Science Congress, 5–7 September 2004, Puebla, Mexico, pp. 1–13