La transición política y la reforma penitenciaria

El proceso de transición política española, entre la muerte del General Franco (noviembre de 1975) y la aprobación de la Constitución (diciembre de 1978), produjo un cambio profundo de la Sociedad y de sus instituciones. El presente estudio analiza cómo afectó el proceso de la transición al sistema penitenciario español, que dio lugar a la promulgación de la Ley General Penitenciaria (LO 1/1979), única ley orgánica aprobada por unanimidad en la Democracia y que supuso la modernización del sistema penitenciario español y su adecuación a los principios constitucionales del Derecho penal.The process of Spanish political transition, from General Franco's death (November 1975) till the adoption of the Constitution (December 1978), provoked a deep change in society and its institutions. This study analyzes how the transition process affected the Spanish penitentiary system, which caused the enactment of the General Penitentiary Act (Organic Law 1/1979), the only framework law unanimously adopted during the Democracy and which meant the modernization of the Spanish penitentiary system and its adaptation to the criminal law constitutional principies

The Ship of Tolerance

El Barco de la Tolerancia es un proyecto de Illya y Emilia Kabacov para la 11 Bienal de la Habana, Los Kabacov son reconocidos globalmente como los mas destacados artistas surgidos de la Union Soviética y como figuras principales de la escena artistica internacional. En 2008 recibieron el Premium Imperiale establecido por el emperador de Japon para rendir honor en aquellos campos no comprendidos por el Premio Nobel. La revista ArtNews los nombró entre los 10 principales artistas vivos, su obra es exhibida con regularidad en museos internacionales principales incluyendo el Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York.The Ship of Tolerance is a project by Illya and Emilia Kabacov for the 11th Havana Biennial, The Kabacov are recognized globally as the most outstanding artists emerged from the Soviet Union as leading figures of the international art scene. In 2008 received the Premium La Habana, Imperiale established by the Emperor of Japan to honor in those areas not covered by the Nobel Prize. ArtNews magazine named them among the top 10 living artists, his work is regularly exhibited in major international museums including the Museum of Modern Art in New York

The VEX-93 environment as a hybrid tool for developing knowledge systems with different problem solving techniques

The paper describes VEX-93 as a hybrid environment for developing knowledge-based and problem solver systems. It integrates methods and techniques from artificial intelligence, image and signal processing and data analysis, which can be mixed. Two hierarchical levels of reasoning contains an intelligent toolbox with one upper strategic inference engine and four lower ones containing specific reasoning models: truth-functional (rule-based), probabilistic (causal networks), fuzzy (rule-based) and case-based (frames). There are image/signal processing-analysis capabilities in the form of programming languages with more than one hundred primitive functions. User-made programs are embeddable within knowledge basis, allowing the combination of perception and reasoning. The data analyzer toolbox contains a collection of numerical classification, pattern recognition and ordination methods, with neural network tools and a data base query language at inference engines's disposal. VEX-93 is an open system able to communicate with external computer programs relevant to a particular application. Metaknowledge can be used for elaborate conclusions, and man-machine interaction includes, besides windows and graphical interfaces, acceptance of voice commands and production of speech output. The system was conceived for real-world applications in general domains, but an example of a concrete medical diagnostic support system at present under completion as a cuban-spanish project is mentioned. Present version of VEX-93 is a huge system composed by about one and half millions of lines of C code and runs in microcomputers under Windows 3.1.Postprint (published version

New Frontiers for Monetary Policy in Chile

This paper assesses the efficiency of the current Inflation Targeting (IT) scheme in place at the Central Bank of Chile. Using a small macroeconomic model of the Chilean economy, our main results are as follows: (i) an efficient monetary policy requires a bias towards output stabilization around its long run trend; (ii) the switch to forecast-targeting, implicit in the current IT scheme in Chile, results in an efficiency gain; (iii) targeting core inflation is not efficient; (iv) ceteris paribus, efficiency could be enhanced if monetary policy leans against the wind when facing shocks to the cost of international finance.

Concentration, Hold-Up and Information Revelation in Bank Lending: Evidence From Chilean Firms

In this paper we empirically study bank-client relationships using a sample of Chilean manufacturing firms. We examine whether concentration and the duration of bank-firm relationships affect the volume of bank lending. Our results indicate that lower concentration, measured by the number of banks a firm borrows from, is associated with a large and positive effect on borrowing. The length of borrower-lender relationships has a positive -although not always statistically significant- effect on the amount borrowed.

Quevedo en América. Bibliografía inconclusa

La influencia de la obra de Quevedo en la literatura en lengua española ha sido una constante y llega hasta nuestros días. Ciñéndonos a la literatura hispanoamericana parece lógico encontrar esa influencia en escritores de la época colonial, pues pronto llegaban a América los libros publicados en España. Pero esa presencia quevediana también se encuentra en épocas posteriores. La autora de este artículo recopila bibliografía interesante sobre la presencia de Quevedo en el continente americano. El artículo está dividido en dos apartados: el primero contiene bibliografía sobre la presencia de Quevedo en las letras hispanoamericanas. El segundo apartado muestra ediciones, artículos y ensayos sobre la vida y obra de Quevedo publicados en América