Mechanical Ventilation, Retinal Avascularity and Rate of Vascularisation: A Triad of Predictors for Retinopathy of Prematurity Treatment

Aim: The temporal avascular area of the retina and the duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV) may predict the need to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study considers whether the rate of retinal vascularisation and related risk factors should be included in a predictive model of the need for ROP treatment. Methods: This single-centre, observational retrospective case–control study was conducted on 276 preterm infants included in an ROP screening programme. All had undergone at least three examinations of the fundus. The main outcome measures considered were DMV (in days of treatment), the temporal avascular area (in disc diameters, DD) and the rate of temporal retinal vascularisation (DD/week). Results: The multivariate logistic model that best explains ROP treatment (R2 = 63.1%) has three significant risk factors: each additional day of mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.09]; p = 0.001); each additional DD of temporal avascular area (OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.7–2.9]; p < 0.001) and a vascularisation rate <0.5 DD/week (OR, 19.0 [95% CI, 6.5–55.5]; p < 0.001). Two tables are presented for calculating the expected need for ROP treatment according to these three risk factors. Conclusions: A greater DMV, a broad avascular area of the temporal retina at the first binocular screening and slow retinal vascularisation strongly predict the need for ROP treatment. The predictive model we describe must be validated externally in other centres

Grado de Satisfacción de los adultos con los Programas Universitarios

This research analyses the degree of satisfaction of a sample of 874 students from University Programmes for adults and elderly, from Spain. The investigation is framed along the lines of positive psychology, specifically in Martin Seligman’s proposal, founder of this movement, who advocates that the main objective of this branch of psychological science is to investigate the healthy aspects of human life. The methodology applied is mixed. The level of satisfaction, collected through the survey technique was analysed by the SPSS 20.0 (using method CHAID) statistical program for the quantitative data; and by the Programme Atlas.Ti 6.0 (textual and conceptual analyses) for the qualitative data. The analysed data reveal that students are highly satisfied with the programme, the teachers and their peers. The discussion confirms these results, since it has also stood out in others studiesLa presente investigación analiza el grado de satisfacción de una muestra de 874 alumnos/as de Programas Universitarios para Adultos-Mayores (PUM) de todo el Estado Español. La investigación se enmarca dentro de la psicología positiva, específicamente en la propuesta de Martin Seligman, creador de este movimiento, quien propugna que el principal objetivo de esta rama de la ciencia psicológica es investigar los aspectos saludables de la vida del ser humano. La metodología utilizada es mixta. El grado de satisfacción, recogido a través de la técnica de la encuesta, fue analizado mediante el programa estadístico SPSS 20.0 (análisis de segmentación- CHAID) para la información cuantitativa; y el programa Atlas.Ti 6.0 (análisis textual y conceptual) para la información cualitativa. Los datos analizados revelan que el alumnado se encuentra altamente satisfecho con el Programa, el profesorado y sus compañeros/as. La discusión corrobora estos resultados, dado que también se han puesto de relieve en otros estudios

Experiences in evaluating multilingual and text-image information retrieval

23 pages, 8 figures.One important step during the development of information retrieval (IR) processes is the evaluation of the output regarding the information needs of the user. The "high quality" of the output is related to the integration of different methods to be applied in the IR process and the information included in the retrieved documents, but how can "quality" be measured? Although some of these methods can be tested in a stand-alone way, it is not always clear what will happen when several methods are integrated. For this reason, much effort has been put into establishing a good combination of several methods or to correctly tuning some of the algorithms involved. The current approach is to measure the precision and recall figures yielded when different combinations of methods are included in an IR process. In this article, a short description of the current techniques and methods included in an IR system is given, paying special attention to the multilingual aspect of the problem. Also a discussion of their influence on the final performance of the IR process is presented by explaining previous experiences in the evaluation process followed in two projects (MIRACLE and OmniPaper) related to multilingual information retrieval.This work has been partially supported by the projects OmniPaper (European Union, 5th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, IST-2001-32174), NEDINE (E-Content project Ref.: 22225), and GPS Project—Software Process Management Platform: modeling, reuse, and measurement (National Research Plan, TIN2004-07083).Publicad

Does the level of motivation of physical education teachers matter in terms of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion? A person-centered examination based on self-determination theory

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), prior research has demonstrated that physical education (PE) teachers may have different reasons to engage in teaching. Although some person-centered studies have identified varied motivational profiles in PE teachers, none of these studies have included the three forms of motivation (i.e., autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation). This study aims to identify teachers’ motivational profiles, using the three forms of motivation. Moreover, differences between the obtained profiles in terms of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion were examined. A sample of 107 primary school PE teachers participated. Four distinct motivational profiles were identified: “relatively amotivated,” “somewhat motivated,” “autonomous-controlled motivated,” and “relatively autonomously motivated.” Results showed that the predominantly autonomously motivated PE teachers reported the most adaptive pattern of outcomes. Although PE teachers from the “relatively autonomously motivated” group did not differ in terms of job satisfaction when compared to those in the “autonomous-controlled motivated” group, the former displayed lower values of emotional exhaustion. These findings support SDT in that more motivation is not necessarily better if this additional motivation comes from controlled reasons. These results could raise awareness among school stakeholders about the importance of increasing PE teachers’ autonomous motivation

Laser fetoscopy ablation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome may reduce the risk of ROP

Profesor contratado doctor con plaza vinculada al Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada Grupo de Investigación RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias; RD21/0002/0011,Purpose: Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a condition wherein monochorionic twins share a common placenta with placental anastomoses between the two foetal circulations. Most infants who survive TTTS are born prematurely. This study aimed to determine whether fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) can reduce the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and whether TTTS was a risk factor for ROP. Methods: This single-centre, retrospective, comparative study included 32 monochorionic twins with TTTS matched for gestational age, birthweight and sex to premature twins and singletons without TTTS (n = 68; twins, n = 34; and singletons, n = 34) born between 2003 and 2022. A single ophthalmologist recorded the fundus findings. FLA was performed using Solomon's technique to separate the vascular systems of the twins with TTTS. Results: The gestational age and weight of premature infants with TTTS treated with FLA were significantly higher than those of untreated infants (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively); however, the hyaline membrane grade was lower (p = 0.004). A significant increase in weight (g/day) (p = 0.002) and lesser avascular area in the peripheral temporal retina (p = 0.045) was observed at postnatal week 4. The risk of ROP in the FLA group was 2.6 times (13.3% vs. 35.3%) lower than that in the non-FLA group; however, this difference was not significant. The incidence of any stage of ROP (25% vs. 18%) and treatment for ROP type 1 (6.25% vs. 5.9%) did not differ significantly between monochorionic twins with TTTS and premature infants without TTTS. Conclusion: The gestational age of premature infants with TTTS treated with FLA was higher than that of untreated infants. Moreover, a reduction in complications of prematurity was also observed. Laser fetoscopy in twin–twin transfusion syndrome may reduce the risk of ROP, but the difference was not statistically significant in this small study.Universidad de Granada aporta fondos para publicación del artículo en acceso abierto (Funding for open access charge): Universidad de Granada /CBUA. Acuerdo Universidad de Granada con Wiley 2023

Reconstruction and analysis of 1900−2017 snowfall events on the southeast coast of Spain

In this paper, we have reconstructed and analysed snowfall events on the coast of the natural region of south-eastern Iberia (Spain) over the period 1900 to 2017. Due to the lack of con- tinuous reliable meteorological information, we supplemented our analysis of official sources by consulting the daily newspapers for the days when snow was most likely. We selected 3 cities which are spatially representative for the study area as a whole and for which there is press cov- erage throughout this period. In north-south order, these cities were Alicante, Cartagena and Almería. Our analysis of official meteorological information and of press reports enabled us to broaden and improve 3 series of snowfall events in the study area. We then used these series to characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the snowfalls and the synoptic pattern asso- ciated with them

Unemployment duration, layoffs and competing risks

JEL Classification: J64, J65The main objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants of unemployment duration in a competing risks framework with two destination states: employment and inactivity. In particular, we analyze labour market trajectories of job losers and workers without previous labour experience using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (EPA) for the period 1992-2004. We find that male workers, people aged 25-34, higher educated job losers in regions with low unemployment rates and workers with previous employment experience exhibit higher exit rates from unemployment into a job. On the contrary, the same variables present a negative effect on the probability of exiting from unemployment to inactivity. We also find that non-claimants of unemployment benefits exit from unemployment faster than claimants do. Finally, the existence of a dead-end job effect is detected in the Spanish labour market during the 1990s

Individual and societal risk factors of attitudes justifying intimate partner violence against women: a multilevel cross-sectional study

Data are available in a public, open access repository. Data used in the research are available in a public, open access repository. These can be obtained at https:// osf. io/ vza98/? view_ only= 8748 b54b f6a1 44b0 896e 6a9e 5f239e89 or by emailing to first author.Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.Objectives Attitudes justifying intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) can play an essential role in explaining the prevalence of such public health problem. The study aim was to explain attitudes justifying IPVAW identifying individual and societal risk factors. Design and setting A multilevel cross-sectional study of the World Values Survey (WVS) in 54 global countries. Participants A representative transnational community-based sample of 81 516 participants (47.8% male, 52.1% female), aged mean of 42.41. Measures Attitudes justifying IPVAW, sociodemographic, sexism, self-transcendence and conservation values were measured using questions from WVS. Country and regional gender inequality were assessed by Gender Inequality Index. Results Around 16% (intraclass correlation=0.16) of individual differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW are explained by countries. Statistically significant predictors at individual and country level were: sex (B=−0.24, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.22), age (B=−0.08 to −0.25, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.03), marital status (B=0.09 to 0.23, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.33), educational level (B=−0.10 to −0.14, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.04), self-transcendence values (B=−0.10, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.12), sexism (B=0.21, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.28), country (B=2.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.26) and regional (B=2.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.42) gender inequality. Country gender inequality (B=−0.18, p=0.12) and regional gender inequality (B=−0.21, p=0.10) did not moderate the associations between self-transcendence values and attitudes justifying IPVAW. In the same way for sexism, data did not provide support for a moderating role of country gender inequality (B=0.22, p=0.26) and regional gender inequality (B=0.10, p=0.66). Conclusions Individual and country predictors accounted for differences in attitudes justifying IPVAW. However, neither gender inequality of country nor gender inequality of region interacted with sexism and self-transcendence values. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.Scholarship for University Teachers Training - Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport FPU16/0302

Public Helping Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence against Women in European Countries: The Role of Gender-Related Individual and Macrosocial Factors

Public helping reactions are essential to reduce a victim’s secondary victimization in intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) cases. Because gender-related characteristics have been linked widely to IPVAWprevalence, the study aimed to examine individual attitudes and perceptions toward di erent forms of violence against women, as well as gender-related macrosocial ideological and structural factors, in explaining helping reactions to IPVAWacross 28 European countries. We performed multilevel logistic regression analysis, taking measures from the Eurobarometer 2016 (N = 7115) and the European Institute for Gender Equality datasets. Our study revealed a greater individual perceived IPVAW prevalence, positive perception about the appropriateness of a legal response to psychological and sexual violence against women partners, and less VAW-supportive attitudes predicted helping reactions (i.e., formal, informal), but not negative reactions to IPVAW. Moreover, individuals from European countries with a greater perceived IPVAW prevalence and gender equality preferred formal reactions to IPVAW. Otherwise, in the European countries with lesser perceived IPVAW prevalence and negative perceptions about the appropriate legal response to psychological and sexual violence, people were more likely to provide informal reactions to IPVAW. Our results showed the role of gender-related characteristics influenced real reactions toward known victim of IPVAW.FPU Program of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport FPU16/03024PAI Research Group 624: Modeling and Measuring Human Behavio

Twin-entry turbine losses: An analysis using CFD data

This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874211007647[EN] The current paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow behaviour and losses analysis of twin-entry radial turbines in terms of its Mass Flow Ratio (MFR, the ratio between the flow passing through one of its intake ports and its total mass flow), focusing on the mixing phenomena in the unequal admission conditions cases. The CFD simulations are first validated with experimental data. Then, the losses mechanisms are analysed and quantified in the different parts of the twin-entry turbine in terms of the MFR value. A sudden expansion is found at the junction of both branches in the interspace between volutes and rotor for unequal and partial admission cases. Tracking the flow coming from each of the turbine intake ports, it has been observed that both flow branches do not fully mix with each other within the rotor. Another source of losses has been identified in the contact between both flow branches due to their momentum exchange that depends on the difference between both flow branches velocities. These losses have not been considered before, and they should be included in mean line loss-based models for twin-entry turbine since they are very significant for unequal admission conditions.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Nicolas Medina is partially supported through contract FPU17/02803 of Programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario of Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades. This work has been partially supported by the 'Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion' (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain.Galindo, J.; Serrano, J.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; Medina, N. (2022). Twin-entry turbine losses: An analysis using CFD data. International Journal of Engine Research. 23(7):1180-1200. https://doi.org/10.1177/146808742110076471180120023