Los estilos educativos de los padres y la competencia psicosocial de los adolescentes

This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents' psychosocial competence. Parents of 372 students between 11 and 15 years old were classified according to the student perception in four groups: pemissive, authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful. Several aspects related to the students' psychosocial competence were assessed through self-report measures. Results showed that both adolescents perceiving their parents as permissive and adolescents perceiving their parents as authoritative obtained the highest scores in perceived social competence and self-esteem. Moreover, their behavior in the classroom was more positive, and they were less rejected by their  classmates. These jindings are discussed in tems of the dimensions of acceptance and control underlying rhe various parenting styles.Este estudio analiza las relaciones entre los estilos educativos de los padres y algunas variables relacionadas con la competencia psicosocial de los adolescentes. Para ello se clasificó a los padres de 372 estudiantes de 11 a 15 años en cuatro grupos: permisivos, democráticos, autoritariose indiferentes. Los estudiantes cumplimentaron autoinformespara evaluar distintos aspectos relacionados con su competencia psicosocial. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes que consideran a sus padres como permisivos o democráticos obtienen puntuaciones más altas en sus percepciones de competencia social y en autoestima. Sus profesores consideran que su conducta en clase es más positiva, y reciben menos rechazo de sus cornpañeros. Estos resultados se discuten considerando las dimensiones de afecto y control que subyacen a los distintos estilos educativosde los padres

Los estilos educativos de los padres y la competencia psicosocial de los adolescentes

This study examined the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents' psychosocial competence. Parents of 372 students between 11 and 15 years old were classified according to the student perception in four groups: pemissive, authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful. Several aspects related to the students' psychosocial competence were assessed through self-report measures. Results showed that both adolescents perceiving their parents as permissive and adolescents perceiving their parents as authoritative obtained the highest scores in perceived social competence and self-esteem. Moreover, their behavior in the classroom was more positive, and they were less rejected by their  classmates. These jindings are discussed in tems of the dimensions of acceptance and control underlying rhe various parenting styles.Este estudio analiza las relaciones entre los estilos educativos de los padres y algunas variables relacionadas con la competencia psicosocial de los adolescentes. Para ello se clasificó a los padres de 372 estudiantes de 11 a 15 años en cuatro grupos: permisivos, democráticos, autoritariose indiferentes. Los estudiantes cumplimentaron autoinformespara evaluar distintos aspectos relacionados con su competencia psicosocial. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes que consideran a sus padres como permisivos o democráticos obtienen puntuaciones más altas en sus percepciones de competencia social y en autoestima. Sus profesores consideran que su conducta en clase es más positiva, y reciben menos rechazo de sus cornpañeros. Estos resultados se discuten considerando las dimensiones de afecto y control que subyacen a los distintos estilos educativosde los padres

Consistencia/inconsistencia en los estilos educativos de padres y madres, y estrés cotidiano en la adolescencia

Este estudio analiza las diversas situaciones de consistencia y de inconsistencia en los estilos educativos de ambos progenitores y su relación con el estrés cotidiano que informan sus hijos e hijas adolescentes en los contextos más significativos de su vida. Los participantes fueron 840 estudiantes de E.S.O. con edades entre los 12 y 16 años. Para establecer los estilos educativos parentales se utilizó el análisis de clúster. Los resultados muestran que, cuando se atribuye un estilo democrático a ambos padres, los hijos informan los menores niveles de estrés cotidiano. Las situaciones de consistencia en los estilos de ambos padres reducen el estrés frente a las situaciones de inconsistencia. La presencia de un sólo progenitor democrático en la familia se asocia con menor estrés; sin embargo, no basta que uno de los padres ejerza un estilo democrático, sino que depende además del estilo desarrollado por el otro miembro de la pareja

Consistencia/inconsistencia en los estilos educativos de padres y madres, y estrés cotidiano en la adolescencia

Este estudio analiza las diversas situaciones de consistencia y de inconsistencia en los estilos educativos de ambos progenitores y su relación con el estrés cotidiano que informan sus hijos e hijas adolescentes en los contextos más significativos de su vida. Los participantes fueron 840 estudiantes de E.S.O. con edades entre los 12 y 16 años. Para establecer los estilos educativos parentales se utilizó el análisis de clúster. Los resultados muestran que, cuando se atribuye un estilo democrático a ambos padres, los hijos informan los menores niveles de estrés cotidiano. Las situaciones de consistencia en los estilos de ambos padres reducen el estrés frente a las situaciones de inconsistencia. La presencia de un sólo progenitor democrático en la familia se asocia con menor estrés; sin embargo, no basta que uno de los padres ejerza un estilo democrático, sino que depende además del estilo desarrollado por el otro miembro de la pareja

Inter and intra molecular dynamics in poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) as revealed by infrared and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopies

9 pags., 9 figs., 2 tabs.Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) experiments have been performed in poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate)(PTF) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) below their glass transition temperatures. The BDS experiments reveal a richer inter-molecular dynamic for PTT as characterized by a multimodal β relaxation in contrast with the monomodal one exhibited by PTF. The evolution with temperature of comparable IR absorption bands is very similar for PTF and PTT and shows small shifts in wavenumbers towards lower values, with exception of the band related to the stretching mode of the carbonyl group. In addition, a significant difference appears in the shape of the bands associated with the –C[dbnd]O stretching. While for PTT the absorption feature is comprised of a single component, that for PTF exhibits several components suggesting the presence of hydrogen bonds. This effect may be responsible for the monomodal shape of the β relaxation of PTF since a higher degree of intramolecular coupling between the furan ring and the rest of the monomer is expected. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations support the experimental results revealing that as temperature increases an increment of the syn conformations of the 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) moiety is likely to occur in the amorphous state. The energy gain from more stable anti to less stable syn isomers can be compensated by the formation of hydrogen bonds between interchain FDCA moieties in syn conformations. This effect may cause additional hindrance to the intermolecular dynamics of the dielectric β relaxation. It is conceivable that the hindrance exhibited by PTF in both intra and inter-molecular dynamics may play a role in the reduction of gas diffusion and permeability of PTF in comparison with PTT.Grants PID2019-107514 GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and PID2019-106125 GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ ERDF A way of making Europe”. GS acknowledges grant RYC2020-029810-I funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ ESF Investing in your future”. SP would like to thank for financial support from the National Science Centre within project SONATA no 2018/31/D/ST8/00792.

Is the sub-glass temperature relaxation of furan-based polymers related to their high gas barrier properties?

11th Conference on Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Applications (BDS2022), Donostia/San Sebastián, 04.Sep - 09.Sep 2022. -- Presentación con 25 diapositivasPoly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s, (PAF)s, are fully biobased homopolyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid that have recently emerged as promising alternative to petroleum based poly(alkylene terephthalate)s. In addition to a lower production carbon footprint poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s have received significant attention due to their outstanding gas barrier properties in comparison to traditional poly aromatic esters [1]. The influence of chain dynamics on barrier properties has also devoted some attention. Dielectric spectroscopy experiments performed in poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) revealed that the subambient relaxation, below its glass transition temperature, exhibited an inhibition of the mode corresponding to the ester oxygen linked to the aliphatic subunit which efficiently relaxes in the poly(trimethylene terephthalate) counterpart [2]. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can provide precise information of intra-molecular motions at the molecular level [3]. By evaluating the vibrational frequencies and the corresponding oscillator, strength from the IR spectra information about the intra-molecular dynamics can be available. In this study, we present a combined IR spectroscopy and BDS study focused on the sub-glass temperature molecular dynamics of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) in comparison to that of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) in order to shed light on the influence the dynamics on the barrier properties of Poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through PID2019-107514GB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033

Broad-Band Electrical Conductivity of High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanoadditives: Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers

A study is presented of the electrical properties of a series of nanocomposites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) as a matrix and either carbon nanofiber (CNF) or multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as a nanoadditive. The measurements of the electrical conductivity over a broad-band of frequencies (10-2 > F/Hz > 109)allow improvement of the description of the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites based on either carbon nanofibers or carbon nanotubes. Despite the lack of a continuous conducting network between particles at low concentrations, the nanocomposites exhibit a significant dc electrical conductivity due to tunnel conduction. At low nanoadditive concentrations, the frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity is mainly caused by the influence of large polymeric gaps between conducting clusters. As nanoadditive concentration increases, the size of the finite size cluster tends to increase and the frequency dependence of the conductivity reflects the features of anomalous diffusion in fractal structures, as expected according to percolation theory. A master curve for the electrical conductivity as a function of frequency can be constructed although, for the investigated nanocomposites, this behavior should be contemplated as a working, rather than as a universal, law.Peer reviewe

Relaxation Dynamics of Biomass-Derived Copolymers With Promising Gas-Barrier Properties

11 pags., 10 figs. 2 tabs. -- This article is part of the Research Topic Structure-Functional Property Relationship in Polymeric MaterialsThis article presents an experimental study on the relaxation dynamics of a series of random copolymers based on bio-friendly comonomers with interesting gas barrier properties. We analyze the relaxation response in the glassy and ultraviscous regime of poly (trimethylene furanoate/sebacate) random copolymers via dielectric spectroscopy. We report lower values of dynamic fragility [a dimensionless index introduced in 1985 (Angell, Relaxations in Complex Systems, 1985)] in comparison to popular polyesters widely used in industry, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate), suggesting that the amorphous phase of these furanoate-based polyesters adopt an efficient chain packing. This is consistent with their low permeability to gases. We also discuss on different equations (phenomenological and theory-based approaches) for fitting the temperature-evolution of the alpha relaxation time.This publication is supported by COST Action FUR4Sustain, an European network of FURan based chemicals and materials FOR a Sustainable development, CA18220, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). AlS’contract was financed by the Spanish AEI through the grant PTA2019-016903-I