Proyecto SIGECAH: diseño de un algoritmo de reconstrucción cartográfica asociado al Catastro de Ensenada

En esta comunicación presentamos el primer prototipo de un módulo de simulación de escenarios cartográficos, concretamente desarrollaremos la estructura del motor basado en Autómatas Celulares. Tal y como se avanzó en comunicaciones anteriores, este módulo se encuentra integrado dentro de SIGECAH (Sistema de Gestión de Catastros Históricos), proyecto que tiene como objetivo el estudio y análisis de fuentes geohistóricas, y de manera más concreta, buscar y abrir nuevas vías de investigación que permitan avanzar en su estudio y en el manejo de la información en ellas contenida. En el desarrollo del prototipo se han integrado distintos métodos, tales como modelos probabilísticos y la evaluación multicriterio (sistemas de información geográfica). Debido a la complejidad del tema, y para facilitar la comprensión al lector mostraremos aquí el marco metodológico y la estructura del prototipo de un autómata celular, dejando para posteriores trabajos el desarrollo de aspectos más concretos.Este trabajo se realiza en el marco de los proyectos de investigación CEMU 2013, financiado por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y CSO2011-29027-C02-02/GEOG, financiado por la Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, dirigidos por los profesores Manuel Rivero y Concepción Camarero respectivamente

Convergencia económica de dos doctrinas capitalismo e islamismo

This research consist in conducting a theoretical approach to an economic model based on the similarities of Western economies (capitalism) and Islam, which was effected by developing dimensioning of both cultures, with the intention of contrasting economic, from an economic perspective, to highlight the strengths of the two economies, this analysis constitute the basic inputs for the proposed principles. The research was framed within the social sciences and addressed through a quality-quantitative model. The study was of analytical-descriptive, documentary and bibliographic database. The achievement of the objectives was achieved methodologically through methodology based contrast normative comparison. In terms of design will consist of two (02) stages, the first stage contrast economic Islamic principles and capitalist principles, resulting in the foundations, which serve as the basis of the approach of a theoretical economic model for countries whether they are capitalists or Islamic, will enable a new economic man-centered perspectiveLa presente investigación consistió en la realización de un acercamiento teórico a un modelo económico basado en las coincidencias de las economías occidentales (capitalismo) y del islamismo, con la intensión de contrastar los principios económicos, desde la óptica económica, a fin de resaltar las fortalezas de ambas economías, constituyendo este análisis los insumos para la propuesta. La investigación se enmarcó dentro de las ciencias sociales y abordada a través de un modelo cualicuantitativo. El estudio fue de tipo analítico-descriptivo, con base documental y bibliográfica. El logro de los objetivos metodológicamente se alcanzó a través de la metodología de contraste basado en la comparación normativa. En cuanto al diseño estará conformada por dos (02) etapas, una primera etapa de contraste de los principios económicos islámicos y los principios capitalistas, dando como resultado los fundamentos, que ofrecen el acercamiento a un modelo teórico económico para países con diferentes culturas, que permitirá una nueva perspectiva económica centrada en el hombr

Sistematización de un modelo de capacitación del personal administrativo de apoyo de la Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado" (UCLA).

This article is the systematization of a training model aimed at further systemic processes to increase levels of productivity and human development of the administrative staff at UCLA, based on the preliminary analysis of the needs inherent to the specific objectives of human capital working in support units regarding execution of positions, duties and skills obtained in the Dean of Economics and Business Administration from UCLA. Research is descriptive, with support from the literature review, procedures and regulations. The work was developed in two phases: consolidation of information matrix that allowed organizing the conditions and considerations for the development of the systematization of the model used in training. identifying needs, planning, programming, implementation, evaluation and monitoring: to achieve this phase five stages were developed. If implemented the proposal will be integrated management system of human resources of the institution. Finally it was concluded that the systematization of the model will allow the institution to totally integrate and coordinate all the elements of training based on the rules established at UCLA so that they can achieve the objectives of training administrative staff effectively resulting in benefits for the organization in general.El presente artículo consiste en la sistematización de un modelo de capacitación orientado a seguir procesos sistémicos que permitan incrementar los niveles de productividad y desarrollo humano del personal administrativo de la UCLA, fundamentado en el análisis previo de las necesidades inherentes a los objetivos propios del capital humano que labora en las unidades de apoyo en cuanto a la ejecución de cargos, funciones y competencias, obtenido en el Decanato de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la UCLA. La Investigación es de tipo descriptiva, con apoyo de la revisión bibliográfica, procedimientos y normativas. El trabajo se desarrolló en dos fases: consolidación de matriz informativa que permitió organizar las condiciones y consideraciones para el desarrollo de la sistematización del modelo utilizado en la capacitación. Para el logro de esta fase se desarrollaron cinco etapas: detección de necesidades, planificación, programación, ejecución, evaluación y seguimiento. De implementarse la propuesta se integrará al sistema de gestión del talento humano de la institución. Finalmente se concluyó que la sistematización del modelo permitirá a la institución de forma total integrar y articular todos los elementos de la capacitación en base a la normativa establecida en la UCLA a fin de que se puedan lograr los objetivos de capacitación al personal administrativo de manera eficaz redundando en beneficios para la organización en general

Effectiveness of a projection-based augmented reality exposure system in treating cockroach phobia: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Background: Despite being the treatment of choice for phobic disorders, in vivo exposure treatment (IVET) presents some important limitations related mainly to low acceptance and high drop-out rates. Augmented reality (AR) technologies can help to overcome these limitations. Evidence supports the use of AR in exposure treatment for small animal phobia. A new projection-based AR exposure treatment system (P-ARET) that offers the possibility of projecting the animals in a natural and non-intrusive environment has been developed. There are no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) available that have tested the efficacy of this system in cockroach phobia. This paper aims to present the protocol of an RCT that evaluates the efficacy of the P-ARET, versus an IVET group and a waiting list control group (WL), in carrying out exposure treatment for cockroach phobia. Methods/design: Participants will be randomly allocated to one of three conditions: (1) P-ARET, (2) IVET and (3) WL. Both treatment conditions will follow the ‘one-session treatment’ guidelines. As a diagnostic measure, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Health Disorders-Version 5 will be used. The Behavioral Avoidance Test will be used as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures will include an attentional biases task (measured using eye-tracking technology), the Fear of Cockroaches Questionnaire, Cockroach Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire, Fear and Avoidance Scales, Beck Depression Inventory second edition, Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised-12, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clinician Severity Scale, and Expectation and Satisfaction with the Treatment Scale. The evaluation protocol will include pretreatment and post-treatment evaluations and 1, 6 and 12 months of follow-ups. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitat Jaume I (Castellón, Spain; 13 December 2019). The results of the presented RCT will be disseminated in presentations at international scientific meetings and peer-reviewed scientific journals.Funding for the study was provided by Grant Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain) (Programa Estatal I+D+I) (grant number: RTI2018-100993-B-100) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by 'ERDF A way of making Europe', by the European Union.Funding for the study was provided by Grant Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain) (Programa Estatal I+D+i RTI2018-100993-B-100) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by 'ERDF A way of making Europe', by the 'European Union'

La creación de derecho en contextos de guerra : el genocidio político en Colombia

Abogado (a)Pregrad

Improving the efficacy of exposure therapy using projection-based augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia: a randomised clinical trial protocol

Introduction: In vivo exposure is the treatment of choice for specific phobia (SP), but this technique presents limitations related to access and acceptability. Augmented reality (AR) offers advantages like maximising strategies such as ‘variability’ (varying stimuli, durations, levels of intensity or the order of the items), control by the therapist, or ‘exposure to multiple contexts’, which can produce positive effects in terms of fear renewal and generalisation of the results. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of varying the phobic stimuli during treatment with AR: using multiple stimuli (MS) versus a single stimulus (SS) in participants with SP. Methods and analysis: Participants (N=80) with a diagnosis of an SP of cockroaches will be randomised into two conditions: (1) projection-based AR exposure therapy with MS (P-ARET MS); (2) P-ARET with an SS (P-ARET SS). The measures are related to the efficacy results (fear, avoidance and negative thoughts, performance on the behavioural avoidance test (BAT) and preferences). The primary outcome measure is the BAT, and the secondary outcome measures are the BAT through AR, Fear of Cockroaches Questionnaire, Cockroach Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire, Fear and Avoidance Scales Patient’s Improvement Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition. Five evaluation moments will be included: preintervention, postintervention, and 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. The treatment will follow the guidelines of the ‘one-session treatment’. Student’s t-tests to compare the two groups on the post-test will be applied. In addition, two-way analysis of variances with repeated measures in one of the two factors (pretest, post-test and follow-ups) will be carried out to compare intragroup differences. Ethics and dissemination: The Universitat Jaume I Ethics Committee (Castellón, Spain) granted approval for the study (CD/64/2019). Dissemination will include publications and presentations at national and international conferences

Validation of a Spanish Adaptation of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) in Persons with Recent History of Gambling

Gambling is becoming increasingly frequent and problematic, especially due to the explosion of online alternatives. Evaluating the severity of gambling symptomatology is therefore more important than ever. However, innovations in the gambling field have generally focused on its treatment rather than its evaluation. The Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) is a well-established measure of gambling-related symptomatology (e.g., gambling urges, gambling-related thoughts and behaviours, and interpersonal functioning). The aim of this study is to validate a Spanish adaptation of the G-SAS so that individual differences in gambling symptomatology can be assessed by clinicians and researchers. The internal structure of the G-SAS was investigated using an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of 364 individuals from the general population in Spain (mean age=28.84 years, SD=11.73; 54% males). A four-factor structure was preferred considering fit indices (Chi-square=22.62, p=.162, RMSEA=0.030, CFI=0.998, TLI=0.995) and internal consistency estimates (0.67≤α≤0.89). The factors were labelled gambling-related symptoms, control of gambling urges/thoughts, interference, and arousal. Regarding construct validity, the four factors of the G-SAS were positively and significantly (all p<.001) correlated with measures of problematic gambling severity (0.40≤r≤.73), problematic gambling diagnostic (0.40≤r≤.67), gambling cognitions (0.48≤r≤.57), impulsivity (0.26≤r≤.42), anxiety (0.22≤r≤.38), and depression (0.16≤r≤.42), and negatively with quality of life (-0.24≤r≤-.42). In sum, this study provides Spanish clinicians and researchers with a tool that serves to assess the status of individuals in relation to gambling symptomatology, which can be used to screen for at-risk profiles and evaluate treatment response.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

Efeitos agudos da restrição, choque e treinamento no labirinto elevado em T nos sistemas de noradrenalina e serotonina no córtex pré-frontal

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) participates in cognitive functions and stress regulation. Noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in some regions of the central nervous system are modified by acute stress. The effects depend on the type of stressor and the time elapsed between the presence of the stressor and the assessment. The aims of the present study were to assess the acute effect of different stressors on NA and 5-HT activities in the PFC and its relation with corticosterone levels. Independent groups of male Wistar rats (250-280 g) were submitted to restraint, footshock or training in the elevated T-maze (ETMT). The animals were sacrificed immediately (T0) or one hour (T1) after stress exposure. An untreated group sacrificed concurrently with treated animals was included as control. Samples of the PFC were dissected and the concentration of NA, 5-HT and their metabolites were measured by HPLC. Corticosterone levels were measured in serum. None of the treatments modified NA levels in the PFC. Animals exposed to footshock or ETMT showed significantly higher concentrations of 5-HT at T0. Restraint and footshock treatments were associated with higher corticosterone levels at T0 and T1 after the respective treatment. Taken together the results show that in the PFC, the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, and the corticosterone levels respond in different ways to different stressors.La corteza prefrontal (CPF) participa en las funciones cognitivas y la regulación del estrés. Las concentraciones de noradrenalina (NA) y serotonina (5-HT) en algunas regiones en el sistema nervioso central son modificadas por el estrés agudo. El efecto depende del estresor y del tiempo que transcurra entre el estresor y la evaluación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto agudo de diferentes estresores en la actividad de la NA y 5-HT en la CPF y su relación con los niveles de corticosterona. Grupos independientes de ratas (250-270 g) fueron sometidos a restricción, choque o entrenamiento en el laberinto elevado en T (ELET). Los animales fueron sacrificados inmediatamente (T0) o una hora (T1) después de la exposición al estrés. Un grupo no tratado, sacrificado al mismo tiempo que los animales tratados, se incluyó como control. Las muestras de la CPF fueron disecadas y la concentración de NA, 5-HT y sus metabolitos fue detectada por la técnica de HPLC. Las concentraciones de corticosterona fueron medidas en el suero. Ninguno de los tratamientos modificó las concentraciones de NA en la CPF. Al T0 los animales expuestos a choque o al ELET mostraron concentraciones de 5-HT significativamente mayores que el control. Los tratamientos de restricción y choque estuvieron asociados con altas concentraciones de corticosterona al T0 y a T1 después del tratamiento respectivo. En conjunto, los resultados mostraron que en la CPF los sistemas noradrenérgico y serotonérgico y la concentración de corticosterona responden en forma diferente a los distintos estresores.O córtex pré-frontal (CPF) participa nas funções cognitivas e na regulação do estresse. As concentrações de noradrenalina (NA) e serotonina (5-HT) em algumas regiões do sistema nervoso central são modificadas pelo estresse agudo. O efeito depende do estressor e do tempo que transcorra entre o estressor e a avaliação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo de diferentes estressores na atividade da NA e 5-HT no PFC e sua relação com os níveis de corticosterona. Grupos independentes de ratos (250-270 g) foram submetidos a restrição, choque ou treinamento no labirinto elevado em T (ELET). Os animais foram sacrificados imediatamente (T0) ou uma hora (T1) depois da exposição ao estresse. Um grupo não tratado, sacrificado ao mesmo tempo que os animais tratados, incluiu-se como controle. As mostras do PFC foram dissecadas e a concentração de NA, 5-HT e seus metabolitos foi detectada pela técnica de HPLC. As concentrações de corticosterona foram medidas no soro. Nenhum dos tratamentos modificou as concentrações de NA no PFC. Em T0 os animais expostos a choque o ao ELET mostraram concentrações de 5-HT significativamente maiores que o controle. Os tratamentos de restrição e choque estiveram associados com altas concentrações de corticosterona em T0 e em T1 depois do tratamento respectivo. Em conjunto, os resultados mostraram que no PFC os sistemas noradrenérgico e serotonérgico e a concentração de corticosterona respondem de maneira diferente aos diferentes estressores

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their importance in asthma

[EN] Asthma is a complex disease determined by the interaction of different genes and environmental factors. The first genetic investigations in asthma were candidate gene association studies and linkage studies. In recent years research has focused on association studies that scan the entire genome without any prior conditioning hypothesis: the so-called genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The first GWAS was published in 2007, and described a new locus associated to asthma in chromosome 17q12-q21, involving the ORMDL3, GSDMB and ZPBP2 genes (a description of the genes named in the manuscript are listed in Table 1). None of these genes would have been selected in a classical genetic association study since it was not known they could be implicated in asthma. To date, a number of GWAS studies in asthma have been made, with the identification of about 1000 candidate genes. Coordination of the different research groups in international consortiums and the application of new technologies such as new generation sequencing will help discover new implicated genes and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.FEDER funds; Junta de Castilla y León; Fundación Botín-Universidad de Salamanca; Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica; Fundación Salud 200

Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Gambling Disorder is a prevalent non-substance use disorder, which contrasts with the low number of people requesting treatment. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) could help to enhance the dissemi- nation of evidence-based treatments and considerably reduce the costs. The current study seeks to assess the efficacy of an online psychological intervention for people suffering from gambling problems in Spain. The proposed study will be a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. A total of 134 participants (problem and pathological gamblers) will be randomly allocated to a waiting list control group (N = 67) or an intervention group (N = 67). The intervention program includes 8 modules, and it is based on motivational interviewing, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and extensions and innovations of CBT. It includes several complementary tools that are present throughout the entire intervention. Therapeutic support will be provided once a week through a phone call with a maximum length of 10 min. The primary outcome measure will be gambling severity and gambling-related cognitions, and secondary outcome measures will be readiness to change, and gambling self-efficacy. Other variables that will be considered are depression and anxiety symptoms, positive and negative affect, difficulties in emotion regulation strategies, impulsivity, and quality of life. In- dividuals will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. During the treatment, participants will also respond to a daily Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) in order to evaluate urges to gamble, self-efficacy to cope with gambling urges, gambling urge frequency, and whether gambling behaviour occurs. The EMI includes immediate automatic feedback depending on the participant's responses. Treatment acceptance and satisfaction will also be assessed. The data will be analysed both per protocol and by Intention-to- treat. As far as we know, this is the first randomized controlled trial of an online psychological intervention for gambling disorder in Spain. It will expand our knowledge about treatments delivered via the Internet and contribute to improving treatment dissemination, reaching people suffering from this problem who otherwise would not receive help. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04074681. Registered 22 July 2019